Chapter-1 Sentence

A group of words that makes complete sense is called a sentence. A sentence has two parts. The naming
part is called the subject and what we say about the subject is called the predicate part. Example-He
runs in the field.
Subject-he
Predicate-runs in the field
Exercise1.1
Match the subject & Predicate and make meaningful sentence.

Subject Predicate
Ravi is a big room. teaches and gives us
The Sun knowledge.
A bird gives us milk is a good boy is
Water very intelligent sets in the
west flies in the sky boils at
Boys Girls 1000 centigrade play
It badminton love to play
Cow cricket

Teacher
Harish

1.2 Identify the subject & Predicate in the following sentences –

(Elementary)
(i) Your younger brother is a doctor.
(ii) Ravi runs very fast.
(iii) The food smells very good.
(iv) The tall boy standing in the corner is our captain.
(v) All the girls watched T.V. in the evening.
(vi) He is sitting in the corner.
(vii) All the new students are unhappy.
(viii) The board’s decision has made us happy.
(ix) The prime minister has given us tax concession.
(x) His father is a teacher.
(xi) Lions roar in the forest.
(xii) Every student sang in the party.
(xiii) They have gone out for a dinner.
(xiv) I bought a car yesterday.
(xv) She sings very well.

1.3 Put a suitable subject to form a meaningful sentences. (Elementary)

i. _____________ rises in the east. ii.
_____________ am a teacher.
iii. _____________ have won the match. iv.
_____________ bark at strangers.
v. _____________ are playing cricket. vi.
_____________ is very hot today. vii.
_____________ are swimming fast. viii.
_____________ gives us knowledge. ix.
_____________ gives us light & life. x.
_____________ starts at 10 a.m.
xi. _____________ have been living in this city for 10 years. xii.
_____________ saw a movie yesterday. xiii.
_____________ had left before I reached there.
xiv. _____________ can speak English. xv.
_____________ must obey the traffic rules.

1.4 Put a suitable Predicate to make the sentence meaningful _________

(Intermediate)
1) The sun _____________
2) The rose _____________
3) The door _____________
4) India _____________
5) Ravi _____________
6) Sonu _____________
7) Water _____________
8) Cows _____________
9) Children _____________
10) The teacher _____________
11) The doctor _____________
12) Dogs _____________
13) Ravi and Rakesh _____________
14) Bread & butter _____________
15) The boy in red shirt _____________

Chapter-2 The Elements of a Sentence

The important elements of a sentence are:

1.Subject: Every statement in English begins with a subject. The subjects Noun, Pronoun or Noun
Phrase is tied to or is in agreement with the verb.
1. A bird is flying. 2. Birds are flying.

2.Verb: The verb is the second element of a statement. There are three types of verbs –
Linking verb ( Is, am, are, was, were. etc)
Intransitive verb (verb without object) Example-Birds fly
Transitive verb (verb with object) Example- He reads a book.

3.Complement: A Complement usually follows a linking verb. The complement tells us more about
the subject. The subject and the complement refer to the same person or thing. The complement
may be an adjective, a noun, a preposition phrase or an adverb.
Examples:-
1. His father is a teacher.
2. Your friend is tall.

OBJECTS
Objects are of two types-
• Direct object
• Indirect object
Object come only after transitive verb. If a transitive verb requires only one object, it has to be a
direct object. The object can be an answer to what or whom. The object can be a noun or a
pronoun. An indirect object comes immediately after the main verb but usually followed by a direct
object.

Example
1. Sachin hits the ball.
2. Ravi told us a story.
Adverbial – An adverbial can be a one – word adverb, a noun phrase or a clause.
An adverbial can be an answer to when or where in a sentence.
1. Ravi lives here. (Adverb).
2. Your read this book last week. (noun phrase).
3. The book is on the table. (prepositional phrase)
4. She came when I was going out. (Clause)

Note: There is a second Category of linking verbs. These are verbs such as appear, feel, look, seem,
smell, sound, taste, become, get and grow.
1. Rakesh feels happy.
2. You seem restless.
3. His uncle became a doctor.
4. It sounds good.
5. He appears upset.

Basic Sentence Patterns

Pattern – 1
Subject + Intransitive verb + Adverbials
Ex.
1. He Sings Well
2. You laughed loudly
Pattern – 2
Ex. Sub + Linking verb + Complement
1. They were happy.
2. She is a teacher. Pattern – 3
Sub + Transitive verb + Direct object + Adverbial 1. Sachin
scored a century
2. He has read this book. Pattern – 4
Subject + Transitive verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object + Adverbials
1. I gave my friend a present on his birthday.
2. The teacher asked him a question.

2.1 Exercise (Elementary)

Arrange the following words in the order subject + Intransitive verb + Adverbials.
Start with a capital letter and end with a full stop.

1. Ravi / with a pen / writes

2. in the east / the sun / rises
3. The bus / late / arrived
4. Ran / fast / he
5. studied / in the room / children
6. He / over the wall / jumped
7. Heavily / it / rained
8. Well / she / sings
9. Laughed / loudly /He
10. Rohit / there / sat
11. Sanjay / loud / spoke
12. The Scooter / fast /runs
13. Begins / my college /in July
14. Went /Home /they
15. on the ice / Ravi / slipped
2.2 Exercise (Intermediate)
Arrange the words in the order.
Subject + linking verb + complements

1. Are/ busy / the boys

2. tall / my brother / is
3. Ravi / happy / appeared
4. feel / they / annoyed
5. Sad / seemed / he
6. this boy / seems / restless
7. smells / the rose / sweet
8. bitter / this fruit / taste
9. upstairs / is / my / brother
10. must have been / the party / enjoyable
11. were / in the library / they
12. on Sunday / the examination / will be