PASIVE VOICE: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

I. Cấu trúc chung: S V O => O + tobe + PII + by S

II. Cấu trúc riêng
1. Present simple: hiện tại đơn
S + V(s/es) +O
=> O+is/are/am + PII by S
Eg: Nhi teaches me English => I am teached English by Nhi
2. Past simple: quá khứ đơn
S + Ved/PI + O
=>O + was/were + PII + by S
Eg: Nhi teached me English => I was teached English by Nhi
3. Present perfect: Hiện tại hoàn thành
S + has/have + PII + O
=>O+ has/have been + PII + by S
Eg: Nhi has broken my heart => My heart has been broken by Nhi
4. Past perfect: Quá khứ hoàn thành
S + had + PII + O
=>O + had been + PII + by S
Eg: Nhi had done her homework => Nhi’s homework had been done by her
5. Present continuous: Hiện tại tiếp diễn
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
=> O + am/is/are + being + PII + by S
Eg: Nhi is cooking my lunch => My lunch is being cooked by Nhi.
6. Past continuous: Quá khứ tiếp diễn
S + was/were + V-ing + O
=>O + was/were + being + PII + by S
Eg: Nhi was cooking dinner at 6:30 yesterday
=>Dinner was being cooked by Nhi at 6:30 yesterday
7. Future simple: tương lai đơn
S + will + V + O
=>O+ will be + PII + by S
Eg: Nhi will kill you=>You will be killed by Nhi
 8. Near future: tương lai gần
S + am/is/are + going to V + O
=>O+ am/is/are + going to be PII + by S
Eg: Nhi is going to kill you this afternoon
=>You are going to be killed by Nhi this afternoon
9. Modal verbs: động từ khuyết thiếu
S + modal verbs + V + O
=> O + modal verbs + be + PII + by S
Can, could Có thể
May, might Có khả năng
Will/ would Sẽ
Must Phải
Should Nên
Eg: Nhi must take her brother to shool=> Nhi’s brother must be taken to school by Nhi
10. Một cấu trúc khác
S + used to/have to/want to/ expect to/ hope to + V + O
=> Used to/have to/want to/ expect to/ hope to + be + PII + by S
Eg: I used to take my sister to the zoo=> My sister used to be taken to the zoo by me
11. Một số lưu ý
- Khi có các từ no one, noboby thì câu phải chuyển sang thể PHỦ ĐỊNH
Eg: No one has cleaned the floors for weeks=> The floors haven’t been cleaned for weeks
- Khi chủ ngữ là someone, somebody, they thì KHÔNG CẦN BY
Eg: Someone has stolen my bike=> My bike has been stolen by someone.
- By+S luôn đứng TRƯỚC trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Eg: we lent him a lot lof money last month=> he was lent a lot of money by us last month
- Câu phủ định có anything, any body, anyone thì bị động trở thành nothing, no one, nobody
Eg: They didn’t do anything to help me=> nothing was done to help me

12. Bị động đặc biệt và có hai tân ngữ

- Give, send, offer, bring, teach SB ST = Give, send, offer, bring ST TO SB
Eg: He gave me a present on my birthday = He gave a present to me on my birthday
=>Cách 1: I was given a present by him on my birthday
Cách 2: A present was given to me by him on my birthday
- Buy, make SB ST = Buy, make ST FOR SB
Eg: He bought/made me a present = He bought a present for me
=>Cách 1: I bought/was made a present by him
Cách 2: A present was made/bought for me by him

13. Bị động với make, hear, see

 S + make/ hear/ see + O + V=> O + tobe + made/ heard/ seen + to V
Eg: The teacher made the students do a lot of homework
=>The students were made to do a lot of homework