FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pasir Gudang

Jalan Purnama, Bandar Seri Alam,
81750 Masai, Johor Darul Takzim
Tel : +607-3818000

DATA PRESENTATION: FLUID MECHANICS CHE233

Lab Title: Osborne Reynold

Mark:
Course: CHE 233
Date : 12/12/2021
Participant Course: CHE233 Semester: 3 Group: J4EH1103G
*Please cancel
No. Name Matrix No. Signature
which is not
necessary. 1 SITI NURAIN BINTI MOHAMAD KHAMAL 2020858412
2 SITI AFIQAH BINTI MUHAMAD AZROY SIDDIQ 2020482356
3 NURHAKIM HAIZAT BIN ISHAK 2020832756

Instructor 1. Madam Norhafini binti Hambali

2.
Data
Presentation Experiment 1
(graph or
tables) Laminar Flow

Volume Time (s) Flow Rate, Q Flow Rate, Q Velocity, Reynolds

(L) (L/s) (m3/s) U (m/s) Number

0.2 68.34 2.927 x 10-3 2.927 x 10-6 0.0166 279.78

0.2 60.23 3.321 x 10-3 3.321 x 10-6 0.0188 316.85
0.2 62.16 3.218 x 10-3 3.218 x 10-6 0.0182 306.74
Average 3.155 x 10-6 0.0179 301.12

Transition Flow

Volume Time (s) Flow Rate, Q Flow Rate, Q Velocity, Reynolds

(L) (L/s) (m3/s) U (m/s) Number

0.2 5.50 0.0364 3.64.x 10-5 0.2060 3471.91

0.2 5.81 0.0344 3.44 x 10-5 0.1947 3281.46
0.2 5.59 0.0358 3.58 x 10-5 0.2026 3414.61
Average 3.55 x 10-5 0.2011 3389.33

Turbulent Flow

Volume Time (s) Flow Rate, Q Flow Rate, Q Velocity, Reynolds

(L) (L/s) (m3/s) U (m/s) Number

0.5 5.28 0.0947 9.47 x 10-5 0.5359 9032.02

0.5 5.53 0.0904 9.04 x 10-5 0.5116 8622.47
0.5 5.37 0.0931 9.31 x 10-5 0.5269 8880.34
Average 9.27 x 10-5 0.5248 8844.94

Experiment 2

Lower Critical Flow

Volume Time (s) Flow Rate, Q Flow Rate, Q Velocity, Reynolds

(L) (L/s) (m3/s) U (m/s) Number

0.2 15.72 0.0127 1.27 x 10-5 0.0719 1211.80

0.2 13.50 0.0148 1.48 x 10-5 0.0838 1412.36
0.2 16.31 0.0123 1.23 x 10-5 0.0696 1173.03
Average 1.33 x 10-5 0.0751 1265.73
 Upper Critical Flow

Volume Time (s) Flow Rate, Q Flow Rate, Q Velocity, Reynolds

(L) (L/s) (m3/s) U (m/s) Number

0.2 12.22 0.0164 1.64 x 10-5 0.0928 1564.04

0.2 12.72 0.0157 1.57 x 10-5 0.0889 1498.31
0.2 13.31 0.0150 1.50 x 10-5 0.0849 1430.90
Average 1.57 x 10-5 0.0889 1497.75

Analysis of
Data:
Calculation for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2

1. Find the flowrate by using the formula below according to respective experiment
data and convert them from L/s to m3/s. By referring to the sample calculation, the
rest of the data was calculated with the same method

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝐿)

𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝐿/𝑠) =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑠)

1𝑚
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑚 /𝑠) = (𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 [𝐿/𝑠])
1000 𝐿

Sample calculation (data 1 from experiment 1 laminar flow on the 1 st attempt)

0.2 (𝐿)
= 2.927 x 10 L/s
68.34 (𝑠)

1𝑚
2.927 x 10 L/s = 2.927 x 10 (𝑚 /𝑠)
1000 𝐿

2. Before calculating Reynolds Number, by using these formulas, find the fluid
velocity, U1 according to respective experiment data. By referring to the sample
calculation, the rest of the data was calculated with the same method

Noted that glass tube diameter, D = 0.015 m and cross section area, A = 1.767 x 10 -4 m2

𝑄=𝐴 𝑈
𝑄 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑚 /𝑠)
𝑈 = =
𝐴 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑚 )
 Sample calculation (data 1 from experiment 1 laminar flow on the 1 st attempt)

𝑚
𝑄 2.927 x 10
𝑠
𝑈 = =
𝐴 1.767 x 10 (m )
= 0.0166 m/s

3. Then, find the Reynolds Number by using the formula below for the respective
data for the experiment. By referring to the sample calculation, the rest of the data
was calculated with the same method

Noted that kinematic viscosity for 25ºC water, V = 0.89 x 10-6 m/s

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑈 × 𝐺𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷

𝑅𝑒 =
𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑉

Sample calculation (data 1 from experiment 1 laminar flow on the 1 st attempt)

0.0166 m/s × 0.015 m

𝑅𝑒 =
0.89 x 10 m/s

= 279.78

Conclusion
 Each experiment was repeated 3 time in order to get the average value of the
data and increase the accuracy of the data.
 The lower the time taken for water to be collected in a fixed amount of volume,
the higher the flowrate. When flowrate value is high, the value of velocity of the
fluid will also become high. As the result, the Reynolds Number value will be
increasing too.
 There was an error in our data when our group conducting the upper and lower
critical flow for the second experiment. We did make sure that we already adjust
the pipe properly in order to get a suitable data for the experiment. But maybe
we accidentally assume that when dye start to become a little shaky in the lower
critical flow, it already becoming transitional flow. Rather it might be due to our
hands wrongdoing when we adjusting the valve and then we accidentally shook
the Reynolds Number Experiment model. Thus, causing the dye behave in a
way it should not.
 In this experiment, it was proved that Laminar Flow have Reynolds number
below 2100, while Transitional Flow is in between 2100 to 4000 and Turbulent
Flow is beyond 4000.