Republic of the Philippines

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Puerto Princesa City

North External Campuses

Coron Campus

COMPARATIVE MATRIX
(Katipunan and Tejeros Convention)

Name: Roales, Marjem A. Date

Submitted:
Program, Year & Block:

References: (Provided in our Google Classroom)

Santiago Alvarez. The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General
Teodoro Agoncillo. (2002). The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan. University of the
Philippine Press. Quezon City. Philippines

Primary Source: Secondary Source:

____________________________________ ____________________________________

Author
Author’s Background (Mental Processes
and Personal Attitudes)
The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs
of a General (Santiago V. Alvarez, 1992)
Born: July 25, 1872, in Imus, Cavite
Died: October 30, 1930, in San Pablo City
The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of
Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan
(Teodoro Agoncillo, 2002)
Born: November 9, 1912, in Lemery,
Batangas
Died: January 14, 1985
Santiago V. Alvarez was a revolutionary
general and the founder and honorary
president of the Nacionalista Party's first
division. He is known as "Kidlat ng Apoy"
(Lightning of Fire) because of his bravery
and dedication as commander of Cavite's
famous battles.
As a result, he is remembered in modern-
day Cavite City as the "Hero" of the Battle
of Dalahican. Santiago was already a
delegado general of the Katipunan
provincial council in Cavite prior to the
outbreak of the revolution. From 1896 to
1897, he served as captain-general and later
as commander-in-chief of the Magdiwang
forces. On August 31, 1896, he helped
liberate Noveleta, in the province of Cavite,
from the Spanish Empire. In 1902, he was
appointed Chairman of the Commission of
the Peace, an organization established by
US authorities to promote material
reconstruction and bilateral reconciliation.
Francisco Agoncillo was one of the first
Filipino historians to advocate a distinctly
nationalist view of Filipinos. He was also a
poet and an essayist. His book "History of
the Filipino People" was first printed in 1960
and remains a widely used standard
textbook in many Filipino universities.
Francisco Agoncillo is best known for his
book, History of the Philippines (1955),
which is still used as a textbook in many
schools. His other well-known works include
Revolt of the Masses (1956), Crisis of the
Republic (1960), and Fateful Years (1965).
He worked as a linguistic assistant at the
Institute of National Language, as an
instructor at the Far Eastern University and
the Manuel L. Quezon University, and as a
member of the University of the Philippines
faculty, chairing the Department of History
from 1963 to 1969 and retiring in 1977.
When was the account written (Content)
Date Mentions in the Historical Source
(State each date and describe)
Alvarez's memoirs were published in 36
installments, from July 24, 1927, to April 15,
1928, in the Tagalog weekly, Sampaguita.
The translation of "Ang Katipunan at
Paghihimagsikan" by Paula Caroline Malay
in English was published in 1992.
On March 25, 1897, a convention was held in
Tejeros to settle the dispute between the
two councils, The Magdalo and The
Magdiwang group, and a decision on the
type of government to be installed
On March 27, 1897, the Tejeros convention
electors met in secret at the Tanza parish
house. They knelt before a crucifix and took
their oaths solemnly, despite the Supremo,
Andres Bonifacio, declaring the elections
null and void.
The Revolt of the Masses: Bonifacio and the
Katipunan was written in 1947 as the
winning entry in a 1948 biography contest.
Another point of interest is the
manuscript's publication in 1956 by the
University of the Philippines' College of
Liberal Arts.
In the middle of December 1896, Bonifacio,
his wife, and two brothers, Ciriaco and
Procopio, left Cavite at the request of his
uncle-in-law, Mariano Alvarez.
Bonifacio wrote to Mariano Alvarez from
San Francisco de Malabon on January 2,
1897. "President Mainam: Don't miss this
very moment because I want to talk to you
privately about what happened to me in
Magdalo so that you can explain their
organization to me," it said in the letter.
January 1897 - San Francisco de Malabon's
feast day, during which the
rebels relaxed and enjoyed the fiesta.

Mention of Places Tejeros - The location of the assembly.
San Francisco de Malabon - The location of
the new president's election.
The search for Supremo in the mountains of
Montalban and Mariquina, informed him of
the critical need to mediate the growing
rifts between the two popular councils.
Zapote - Emilio Aguinaldo, Candido Tirona,
and Edilberto Evangelista were present to
greet the Supremo and his entourage.
Imus (Juan Castaneda's house) - Bonifacio
was brought by the rebels Baldomero
Aguinaldo, Daniel Tirona, and other leaders
paid him a visit.
General Emilio Aguinaldo's birthday is
March 22, 1897. It is also when the
battle between the Spaniards and the
Magdalo soldiers raged on, and the
assembly called the Tejeros.
The Tejeros Convention was the meeting
held on March 22, 1897, between the
Magdiwang and Magdalo factions in what is
now Cavite province.
A delegate was sent to the mountains to
look for the Supremo to apprise him of the
urgent necessity of mediating of the
widening rift between the two popularly-
councils - Montalban and Mariquina.
The place where Esteban San Juan invited
Bonifacio to attend the demonstration of
the Magdiwang rebels was in Noveleta, in
the province of Cundinamarca in the
northeast of the Philippines.

Key Personalities mentioned
Vicente Fernandez and others Fernandez
were arrested after Bonifacio issued an
arrest warrant for him.
Andres Bonifacio - Katipunan Party Leader -
Magdiwang President
appointed as Secretary of the Interior
Emilio Aguinaldo - Elected as President of
the Katipunan
Baldomero Aguinaldo - Magdalo President
Mariano Trias - Elected as Vice President
General Vibora - Elected as Captain General
Tejeros Estate House - The location where
the Magdiwang leaders planned to hold
another convention.
Santa Cruz de Malabon - The location where
a bridge connects to San Juan.
Francisco de Malabon is the location of the
former friars' summer retreat, which
witnessed the first significant election held
under the Katipunan government's
auspices.
San Juan del Monte/Laguna - The location of
the attack on the Spaniards.
Andres Bonifacio - Supreme Head of the
Katipunan
Artemio Ricarte - Magdalo's military
commander brigadier-general
Mariano Alvarez - Magdiwang's chosen
President
Candido Tirona - Magdiwang's minister of
war
Emiliano de Dios - Elected as Secretary of
War
Daniel Tirona - He went against the result of
the votings when Andres Bonifacio was
elected as Secretary of the Interior
Ariston Villanueva - Previous Secretary of
war
General Apoy arrested Antonio Montenegro
because he
If they couldn't agree on the type of
revolutionary government they wanted,
they compared the revolution to a gang of
bandits or a herd of mindless animals.
Jacinto Lumbreras - Previous Chairman of
the Katipunan
Fr. Cenon Villanueva - Officiated the oath
taken by the newly elected officers
Severino de las Alas and Daniel Tirona-
Witness of the oath-taking
Edilberto Evangelista - Magdalo's elected
Lieutenant General
Baldomero Aguinaldo - Made the proposal
to establish a revolutionary government
Daniel Tirona - Magdalo man
Esteban San Juan - Invited Bonifacio to
attend the demonstration of the
Magdiwang rebels in Noveleta
Magdiwang's Minister of War, Ariston
Villanueva, stood up and spoke
that if a new government was formed,
Andres Bonifacio, who had
organized and planned the entire
revolutionary movement, must of right
occupy the presidency without being
elected
Santiago Alvarez - Magdalo's commander in
chief
Pascual Alvarez - Magdalo's executive
secretary
Luciano San Miguel - Magdiwang
representative

Sequencing of the Events During the Philippine Revolution of 1896, a
conflict arose between Andres Bonifacio,
the supremo of the Katipunan, the secret
society that launched the uprising against
Spain in August 1896, and Emilio Aguinaldo,
a leader of the Filipino forces in Cavite
province who succeeded Bonifacio as
leader of the revolutionary movement in
March 1897. In the hopes of bringing the
warring factions together and establishing a
new government, The Katipunan
government, Andres Bonifacio, and Emilio
Mariano Trias - Magdalo's minister of grace
and justice
Severino de las Alas – Magdiwang
representative
Santos Nocon - Magdiwang representative
Cayetano Topacio - Magdiwang's minister
of finance
Antonio Montenegro - Magdiwang
representative
Jacinto Lumbrera - Acting president of
magdiwang in the meeting
The Katipunan of Cavite, divided into two
factions, the Magdiwang and the Magdalo,
exercised sovereign power over a number
of towns. Leaders of each council never got
together to elect their leader; they
proceeded independently to their elected
leader.
When Cavite led by its two factions,
successfully rose in their revolt, disputes
arise between the leaders of rival factions
for their desire to control the other faction.
Aguinaldo agreed to hold the Tejeros
Convention. The Tejeros assembly was held
on March 25, 1897 and was presided over by
Magdiwang Council Secretary Jacinto
Lumbreras.
The main topic of discussion, according to
Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras, was how to
strengthen defenses in Magdiwang-
controlled areas. Severino de las Alas
interrupted and stated that the major
issues, such as what kind of government we
should have and how we should establish it,
should be addressed first. Secretary
Lumbreras emphasized that the Katipunan
now has authority over the island, which
has a legal government and a clear plan.
Severino de las Alas's
otherwise disagreed.
A brawl broke out between General Apoy
and Antonio Montenegro, disrupting the
assembly. The Revolutionaries were
compared to a gang of bandits or a swarm
The Magdiwang men initiated to invite
Andres Bonifacio to visit Cavite and
intervene in the conflict between the two
factions.
A misunderstanding arose between
Bonifacio and Magdalo chieftains, that they
regarded him as "a king" and "acted as if he
were a king", during his first visit to the
region in 1896. He left for Cavite after
meeting Fernandez, who was his comrade
in the battle of San Juan but didn't carry out
his promise had led to their defeat.
Bonifacio was invited to attend an event in
Noveleta. Emilio Aguinaldo, a Magdiwang,
observed the parade while having the plan
to nominate Edilberto Evangelista, with the
intention of setting up a revolutionary
government. After, an assembly was
opened with Bonifacio as chairman.
Magdalo proposes to have a government
with the Katipunan for it was no longer
necessary. In the end, the assembly was
of mindless animals by Antiono
Montenegro.
General Apoy, who was hurt by
Montenegro's words, emphasized that they
are true revolutionaries fighting for native
land freedom, not bandits robbing others of
their property and wealth.
General Apoy then arrested Antonio
Montenegro.
After the restoration of order, Andres
Bonifacio assumed the chairmanship of the
assembly, because he is the Katipunan's and set up. Antonio Montenegro insulted the
the Revolution's Father. Secretary
Lumbreras believed Bonifacio was the
rightful chairman because, as Katipunan’s
leader, he was responsible for the spread of
the revolutionary movement throughout
the Philippines.
The secretary of treasury warned that the
ballots had been tampered with and that
some had already been filled out, but he
ignored this and continued with the
election. The following positions were up
adjourned, but tensions between the two
factions continues to rise.
The leaders held another convention at the
estate house in Tejeros. This was during
Aguinaldo's birthday March 22, 1987, and
when he was facing the Spaniards in
Salitran. The convention was opened by
Jacinto Lumbreras, however, Severino de
las Alas took the floor and wanted to
discuss what kind of government should be
Katipunan which was not taken lightly by
Santiago Alvarez.
There was an election, and whoever was
elected was to be acknowledged and
revered regardless of social rank or
education. Emilio Aguinaldo was chosen
President, Mariano Trias was appointed Vice
President, Ricarte was appointed Captain
General and Emilio R. de Dios as war
director, and Andres Bonifacio as interior
 for grabs: President, Vice President,
Minister of Finance, Minister of Welfare and
Justice, and Captain General.
Emilio Aguinaldo defeated Andres Bonifacio
for the presidency position in the
revolutionary government. Mariano Trias
was elected Vice President, Artemio Ricarte
was elected Secretary of State and Emiliano
Riego de Dios was appointed Secretary of
War. Daniel Tirona insisted that the position
of Secretary of the Interior should be
entrusted to a lawyer, Jose del Rosario.
The election of Magdiwang was null and
void when Bonifacio's decision regarding
the election was not respected. It was
rumored that a meeting had taken place at
the Tanza parish house in Tejeros. The
Magdalo posted troops to guard the Tarzan
parish house and not admit any unwanted
Magdiwan partisans.
Difference of the Sources Santiago Alvarez's account of the Tejeros
Convention was short and brief but clear;
expressing what needs to be conveyed
director. Daniel Tirona challenged
Bonifacio's viewpoint, which irritated the
Supremo, prompting him to bring the
assembly to a halt and declare everything
that had been debated null and void.
Bonifacio thought he should have been
granted the presidency but was denied
because of the Magdalo men's filthy
actions. He also said in his letter to Mariano
Alvarez that he would not acknowledge the
Chiefs chosen in the Imus Convention
should also not be acknowledged by the
people.
Historian Teodoro Agoncillo's Seeds of
Discontent was comprehensive since it has
many details and facts, giving the full

Analysis of the Differences between the
two Accounts
without unnecessary words. He missed
accounting for the events that lead to the
assembly. Andres Bonifacio wrote a letter
to his uncle-in-law, Mariano Alvarez venting
his anger which was triggered by Daniel
Tirona and in his letter, he reiterated his
nullification of all that had been agreed
upon.
Alvarez's narrative was insufficiently
comprehensive to fully comprehend what
occurred both before and after the tragedy.
It merely quickly presented the scenario, as
opposed to the second reading, which is
considerably more thorough about the
events. Alvarez's narrative concentrates on
the election and how the officers fought
Bonifacio's decision to declare it null and
invalid.
particulars of the events. This account
started with the Katipunan of Cavite, which
was divided into two factions, the
Magdiwang and the Magdalo. The disputes
between the two factions lead to the need
to unite the conflicting factions and
establish a new government.
The organization believes that Bonifacio's
death was unjust since he wrote the letter
to his uncle-in-law. Agoncillo's report was
exceedingly thorough, and everything
about how the election became null, and
void was explained. The major events in
Agoncillo's narrative focused on the
disputes they experienced and the outcome
of the election.

Note: Plagiarism is highly discouraged. Those who will be caught plagiarizing or cheating on this activity will be automatically marked zero.

ALMIE GRACE T. ORCEO

Instructor