Complex Engineering

Problem
Alternate Energy System
(EE-412)

Group Members
Bisma Naeem (EE-016)
Bibi Zainab (EE-012)
Asad Mumtaz (EE-025)
Syed Fahad Hussain Shah (EE-167)
 “Maximum Power Point Tracking
of Solar PV Panel by Fuzzy Logic
Topic
Control Algorithm”
INTRODUCTION
 Nonrenewable energy includes fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal.
 These sources of energy are only available in limited amounts and take a
long time to replenish.
 Renewable power is booming, as innovation brings down costs and starts to
deliver on the promise of a clean energy future.
 Solar is considered to be the most reliable and promising type of renewable
energy.
 The production of energy from solar is free from pollution, clean, safe and
no maintenance required.
 But there are two most important facts that limits the usage of PV generation
i.e. the installation cost and efficiency.
 The idea of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in PV systems
to overcome these drawbacks of solar energy
 An MPPT control is necessary to extract maximum power from the PV
arrays.
CONVENTIONAL METHOD FOR MAXIMUM POWER
POINT TRACKING

 In recent years, many techniques have been proposed for

tracking the maximum power point.
 The conventional method of Perturb and observe is used to
identify the MPP tracking of PV model systems.
 Perturb And Observe algorithm is simple and does not require
previous knowledge of the PV generator characteristics or the
measurement of solar intensity and cell temperature.
 It is easy to implement with analogue and digital circuits.
 It perturbs the operating point of the system causing the PV
array terminal voltage to fluctuate around the MPP voltage
even if the solar irradiance and the cell temperature are
constants.
WORKING OF PERTURBATION AND OBSERVATION
ALGORITHM
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that when:

 dP/dV> 0,then the operating point is towards the
direction of maximum power.
 when dP/dV< 0 then it is not towards the
operating point of MPP.
DRAWBACKS OF P&O METHOD

Followings are the drawbacks of P&O method:

 The major drawbacks of P&O algorithm are presence of
oscillations around the MPP in steady state operation
 Occasional deviation from the maximum operating point in
case of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions,
 Correct perturbation size is important in providing good
performance in both dynamic and steady-state response.
PV CURVE

PV Curve of photo-voltaic module (BP3115) for

MPPT using P&O Method
FUZZY LOGIC

Proposed Solution (Fuzzy Method)

Fuzzy logic technique is applied to improve the slow tracking speed and
high fluctuations around Maximum Power Point (MPP) during different
weather situations.
1. FLC offer worker with whole flexibility to select the information and
their relationship (rule base).
2. FLC has merits over others such that it is strong, easy to implement a
nd the information about the real model is not required.
3. By comparing the conventional method with PV technique, PV is bet
ter as it has low vibrations around MPP and the response is also faste
r than P&O conventional method.
WORKING OF FUZZY METHOD

The FLC process can be divided into three phases:

 The first step of FLC is to take a fresh input, such that the adjustment
in the voltage analysis and then joining it to the member function
which is already stored to create fuzzy inputs. In order to covert the
crisp inputs to FLC inputs, each inputs must have its own member
functions. As the assigned function is completed, the inputs are taken
by the FLC and convert it into fuzzy inputs by comparing it with
member functions.
 In this rule evaluation process, the rules of linguistic is used by the
fuzzy processor in order to find out the actions occurred as a result of
providing series of input data. Fuzzy output is the result of this step
for every successive action.
CONTINUE..

 In this third and last stage of FLC, the predicted output data has been derived
by insulating the Crisp value in the entire output fuzzy sets. Now, the
resulted member functions is modified by their respective fuzzy output. The
most popular defuzzification process is the “Center of Gravity”. FLC has
merits over others such that it is strong, easy to implement and the
information about the real model is not required. Therefore it is used for
tracking the peak power of photo voltaic systems.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

 BP 3115 PV module is chosen

 System parameters
Inductance 1mH
Capacitance (C1) 1000µF
Capacitance (C2) 300 µF
Frequency 40KHz
Load 5Ω
OBSERVATION FROM SIMULATION MODEL

Input Variables
1. Temperature
2. Solar Radiance
CASE 1 :
“CHANGING THE SOLAR RADIATION KEEPING TEMPERATURE
CONSTANT AT 25 ̊C”
GRAPHICAL RESULTS

Performance of P&O Method

Performance of Fuzzy Logic Method

OBSERVATION FROM SIMULATION MODEL

CASE 2:
“CHANGING THE TEMPERATURE WITH SOLAR RADIANCE
FIXED AT 1000W/𝐦𝟐 ”
GRAPHICAL RESULTS

Performance of Fuzzy Logic Method

Performance of P&O Method

CONCLUSION

 Maximum Power point tracking is done for maximizing power extraction

under all conditions.
 MPPT techniques discussed are Perturbation and Observation (P&O)
and Fuzzy Logic Method
 These simulation results conclude that both methods can successfully
track the maximum power point under different ambient conditions but
FLC is more efficient and faster with no oscillations around maximum
power.
THANK YOU