BASIC ELECTRONICS (ECE 422)

Simulation Activity | SY 2021-2022

ABRAHAN, SOFIA DIANE M.

ME 3204

Simulation Activity for Digital to Analog Converter

This summing amplifier has four inverted inputs with resistor values 10 kΩ, 20 kΩ, 40 kΩ, and 80 kΩ.
This is a 4-bit DAC circuit using an operational amplifier. Since each input resistor has a binary
weighting, we could use it to convert digital values into an analog voltage, which is what a DAC
(digital-to-analog converter) essentially does.

If we were use a counter to feed it inputs, the voltage output would be a stepped response, like
a staircase, reaching up to the supply voltage of the op-amp.

Engr. Darwin M. Tacubanza, ECT, ECE, CLSSYB, MSCpE (Candidate)

darwin.tacubanza@g-batstate.edu.ph | Guest Lecturer

Instructions:

Take a screenshot of the following scenarios and state your observation:

A. Circuit Layout

Engr. Darwin M. Tacubanza, ECT, ECE, CLSSYB, MSCpE (Candidate)

darwin.tacubanza@g-batstate.edu.ph | Guest Lecturer

 B. Input and Output (use 5V source for Logic 1 and 0V for Logic 0), then create a table to
represent all 16 values from 0000 to 1111 (sample: 1011 is 5V in 10kohm, 0V in 20kohm,
5V in 40kohm and 5V in 80kohm, from MSB to LSB)

Table for Input vs. Output

Input Combination Output Voltage

0000 0V

0011 -1.87V

0010 -1.25V

0001 -625mV

0111 -4.37V

0100 -2.5V

1001 -5.62V

0110 -3.75V

1000 -5V

1110 -8.37V

1100 -7.5V

1010 -6.25V

1101 -8.12V

0101 -3.15V

1011 -6.87V

1111 -8.37V

Engr. Darwin M. Tacubanza, ECT, ECE, CLSSYB, MSCpE (Candidate)

darwin.tacubanza@g-batstate.edu.ph | Guest Lecturer

 C. Observation on the pattern
As noticed from the above table, if it will be arranged from 0000 to 1111, the voltage
became lower, 0V down to -8V. Moreover, when the input combination reaches 1110
and 1111, the output voltage is equal in magnitude.

D. Briefly explain how DAC works and its principles

The process of converting a digital signal to an analog soundwave is known as
digital to analog conversion (DAC). It is a device that transforms digital data into analog
audio signals. After that, the analog signal is sent to an amplifier. When done entirely
during the course of a song, DACs transform a binary number from the digital form of
music into an analog voltage or current, which may then be utilized to produce an audio
wave that mimics the digital signal.

Engr. Darwin M. Tacubanza, ECT, ECE, CLSSYB, MSCpE (Candidate)

darwin.tacubanza@g-batstate.edu.ph | Guest Lecturer