CMR SCHOOL OF LEGAL STUDIES

SUBJECT- BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

TOPIC- REPORT ON GLOBAL WARMING

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY:

DR. VANDANA RAJPUT BHARTHI
19DBLAW006
BBA LLB (HONS)
2 nd SEM
 CONTENTS

 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
 EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
 SOLUTION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 ABSTRACT

India as a developing country does not have any commitments or responsibilities at present for
reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 that lead to global warming, pressure is
increasing on India and other large, rapidly developing countries like China and Brazil to adopt a
more protective role. The sources cited in this research paper are mainly taken from the internet.
INTRODUCTION

Global warming has often been described as one of the most serious environmental problems ever
to confront humanity as this problem is inextricably linked to the process of development and
economic growth it self. Since greenhouse gases are generated by burning fossil fuels as in power
plants, factories and automobiles, it is not easy to reduce emissions, since virtually every facet of our
lives as intimately tied to the consumption of energy. Climate change is an unusually difficult issue
for the people who make the decisions in democratic governments. First of all, the science is
uncertain while government have to make firm, policy decisions, if only the decision to do nothing,
long before these uncertainties can resolved.

Government authorities are exercising to over state the clarity of science in order to attract public
support. Lots of money is now going in the climate research, and new findings with varying
implications are coming up.

Working of the Greenhouse Effect

The cause of the warming of the earth’s average temperature is called “Greenhouse Effect”. The
basic working of this phenomenon are not hard to understand. Normally, a percentage of the sun’s
rays, which heat the earth’s surface, is reflected back in to space. Those rays which are not
reradiated are “Absorbed by the oceans and the soils and warm the surrounding areas to create the
climate conditions we live in, without this greenhouse heating the earth’s average temperature
would be only a about-73°C, a temperature which would not allow mankind to exist.

Since the industrial revolution however, the amount of CO2 has increased dramatically. These
molecules from a barrier which prevents the reradiated rays of the sun from traveling further in to
space. As a result the sun’s rays are reradiated to the earth’s surface.

The green house effect is aggravated by processes known as feedback mechanisms; the polar ice
shelf has a bright surface, which reflects, sun’s rays effectively. Due to the rise of the average global
temperature, the polar ice shelf begins melting and is eventually replaced by dark soil or blue ocean.
This new dark surface is capable of absorbing more heat than the bright surface of ice and snow. As
a result, the ice surrounding the warm soil can melt much faster, creating more dark soil. Finally, the
melted ice causes a sea level rise.
CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

There are three positions on global warming

1) that global warming is not occurring and so neither is climate change;
2) that global warming and climate change are occurring, but these are natural, cyclic events
unrelated to human activity; and
3) that global warming is occurring as a result primarily of human activity and so climate change is
also the result of human activity.

The claim that nothing is happening is very hard to defend in the face or masses of visual, land-based
and satellite data that clearly shows rising average sea and land temperatures and shrinking ice
masses.
The claim that the observed global warming is natural or at least not the result of human carbon
emissions (see Climate Skeptics below) focuses on data that shows that world temperatures and
atmospheric CO2 levels have been equally high or higher in the past. They also point to the well
understood effects of solar activity on the amount of radiation striking the earth and the fact that in
recent times the sun has been particularly active.
In general, climate scientists and environmentalists either (1) dispute the data based on, for
example, new ice core data or (2) suggest that the timing issue – that is, the rapidity with which the
globe has warmed and the climate changed simply do not fit the model of previous natural events.
They note also that compared to other stars the sun is actually very stable, varying in energy output
by just 0.1% and over a relatively short cycle of 11 to 50 years quite unrelated to global warming as a
whole. The data strongly suggests that solar activity affects the global climate in many important
ways, but is not a factor in the systemic change over time that we call global warming.
As for the final position that global warming and climate change result from human activity (are
“anthropogenic”), scientists attribute current atmospheric warming to human activities that have
increased the amount of carbon containing gases in the upper atmosphere and to increased
amounts of tiny particles in the lower atmosphere. (NASA offers a good course module on “The
Carbon Question.”)

Specifically, gases released primarily by the burning of fossil fuels and the tiny particles produced by
incomplete burning trap the sun’s energy in the atmosphere. Scientists call these gases “greenhouse
gases” (GHGs) because they act like the wrong way reflective glass in our global greenhouse.

Scientists call the tiny particles ‘black carbon’ (you call it soot or smoke) and attribute their warming
effect to the fact that the resulting layer of black particles in the lower atmosphere absorbs heat like
a black blanket.

Scientists date the beginning of the current warming trend to the end of the 18th or beginning of the
19th century when coal first came into common use.

This warming trend has accelerated as we have increased our use of fossil fuels to include gasoline,
diesel, kerosene and natural gas, as well as the petrochemicals (plastics, pharmaceuticals, fertilisers)
we now make from oil.

Scientists attribute the current warming trend to the use of fossil fuels because using them releases
into the atmosphere stores of carbon that were sequestered (buried) millions of years ago.

The addition of this “old” carbon to the world’s current stock of carbon, scientists have concluded, is
what is heating our earth which causes global warming.
Effects of Global Warming on our Lives Effects on Health

The rise of the average global temperature can be very dangerous for human1 being because
“extreme temperature can directly cause the loss of life.” An increase in concentration of ozone at
ground level due to “Higher air temperature” can lead to serious problems for people with asthma
and other lung diseases. Higher air temperatures could have serious impacts on those who lives in
the southern areas of the united state it is estimated “that in Atlanta, for example, even a warming
of about 2° (f) would increase heat related death from 78 today to any where between 96 to 247
people per year.”

In addition to these direct impacts, there could also occur indirect ones. If warmer temperature
enabled insects to become established farther north, infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue
fever and yellow fever could occur in those areas which today are too cold for these insects to
survive.

Effects on Agriculture

As the changing climate could cause soils to become drier and drier, crop failure could become more
wide spread. Agriculture2 could also be affected by increased heat stress, more frequent flooding,
and salinisation of soils due to sea level rise.

On the other hand, global warming could have “beneficial effects” which could offset the adverse
impacts at least in the united states. One “beneficial effects” is the “fertilising effect” of CO2 which
enables plants to grow more rapidly another positive impact agriculture is the possible lengthening
of the growing season in colder areas which would allow farmers to plant crops in latitudes that are
normally not suitable for these crops.

Effects on Forest

In the case of the north American forests, for example this could enable the trees to colonise north
in to areas that are currently too cold, on the other hand, southern areas will become too hot and
dry for (many north American forest) species to survive, As a result, a 2°C warming in 100 years
could cause the species to migrate about 2 miles every year.

A side effect of global warming are insect attacks. A study shows that Alaskan forest3 have suffered
from severe out breaks of bark beetles, which have devastated several million acres of forest.3
Another aspect has to be mentioned in this context is that the plants and trees of the terrestrial
ecosystem are the largest absorbers of CO2, which otherwise rises in to the atmosphere. This clearly
shows how strange the situation really is climate change destroys the trees, which would normally
mitigate the effects of climate change.

Effects on Living Beings Global warming can severely affect the health of living beings. Excess
heat can cause stress which may lead to blood pressure and heart diseases. Crop failures and
famines, which are a direct consequence of heating up of earth, can cause a decline in human
body resistance to viruses and infections. Global warming may also transfer various diseases to
other regions as people will shift from regions of higher temperatures to regions of comparatively
lower temperatures. Warmer oceans and other surface waters may lead to severe cholera
outbreaks and harmful infections in some types of sea food.
India Climate Change Policies

For India, the climate change issue has several ramifications: First although India does not currently
have any obligations under the convention to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, international
pressure may keep on increasing in this regard. It is therefore important for us to develop a clear
understanding of our emission inventory. We also need to document and analyse our efforts in areas
such as renewable energy, waste land development and forestation all of which contribute towards
either reducing CO2 emissions or increasing CO2 removal from the atmosphere considering the
these efforts may often be undertaken for a variety of reasons not directly related to global
warming, but yet have benefits as far as climate change5 is concerned, we may be able to leverage
such efforts in the international context.

Second, we need to develop a clean and well articulated position on each of the three basic
questions indicated earlier. This position needs to be supported by appropriate analysis. The Indian
research community could contribute substantially in this regards.
SOLUTION

Humans have the solutions to address climate change. The question is: Do we have the will?
The evidence that humans are causing climate change, with drastic consequences for life on the
planet, is overwhelming, but the question of what to do about it remains controversial. Economics,
sociology, and politics are all important factors in planning for the future.

A global conversation that began with concern over warming has now turned to the broader term
climate change, preferred by scientists to describe the complex shifts now affecting our planet’s
weather and climate systems. Climate change encompasses not only rising average temperatures
but also extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range
of other impacts. All of these changes are emerging as humans continue to add heat-trapping
greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

What can be done?

Addressing climate change will require many solutions—there's no magic bullet. Yet nearly all of
these solutions exist today, and many of them hinge on humans changing the way we behave,
shifting the way we make and consume energy. The required changes span technologies,
behaviours, and policies that encourage less waste and smarter use of our resources. For example,
improvements to energy efficiency and vehicle fuel economy, increases in wind and solar power,
biofuels from organic waste, setting a price on carbon, and protecting forests are all potent ways to
reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases trapping heat on the planet.

Scientists are also working on ways to sustainably produce hydrogen, most of which is currently
derived from natural gas, to feed zero-emission fuel cells for transportation and electricity. Other
efforts are aimed at building better batteries to store renewable energy; engineering a smarter
electric grid; and capturing carbon dioxide from power plants and other sources with the goal of
storing it underground or turning it into valuable products such as gasoline. Some people argue that
nuclear power—despite concerns over safety, water use, and toxic waste—should also be part of the
solution, because nuclear plants don't contribute any direct air pollution while operating.

What every individual can do is Plant trees, restoring seagrasses, and boosting the use of
agricultural cover crops could help clean up significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
CONCLUSION

The scientific and environmental community is on the same page regarding the bitter reality of
global warming and the involvement of human factor in it. The paper discussed here has only
dented the surface of what is a very intricate line of scientific and engineering exploration. Global
warming is a big hazard and appropriate measures must be taken to tackle this serious
problem. This problem is not only causing trouble to the human beings but also to animals
and plants. Melting of polar ice caps will lead to floods which can cause mayhem everywhere.
Rise of sea levels will devastate agricultural and fishing activities. To embark upon these
problems, some remedial steps must be timely taken which include but are not limited to the use of
renewable sources of energy and stopping deforestation. Innovative solutions must be brought
forward to end this hazard once and forever.
REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigmelt.com%2Fintroduction-to-global-
warming%2F

https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webgranth.com%2F25-superb-posters-
on-global-warming-a-sensitive-issue

https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climatehotmap.org%2Fglobal-warming-
effects%2Fhealth.html

https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmo.int%2Fpages%2Fthemes
%2Fclimate%2Fcauses_of_global_warming.php

https://www.researchgate.net/deref/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin
%2F569494315354256951%2F

https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fete.cet.edu%2Fgcc%2F%3F
%2Fglobaltemp_teacherpage%2F