HISTORICAL

RESEARCH DESIGN
PRESENTED BY GROUP II - FE - 3101
objectives
01 02 03
definition characteristics Applications & purpose
What is Historical Where is this method
Is it quali or quanti?
Design? utilized?

04 05 06
Writing process All about data Researcher characteristics
How does one use a What are its DATA and What mindset should one
historical research design? SOURCES? carry?
01 Historical design
“ HISTORIOGRAPHY”
consist of systematic collection and
critical evaluation of data relating to past
occurrences of particular phenomenon.
Historical research
design
According to J. Maheswari,
Historical Research is undertaken
to answer questions concerning
the causes, effects or trends
relating to past events that may
shed light on the present
practices or behavior.
 Primary
sources
Sources of
historical
research
Secondary
sources
1. Careful study and analysis of data about the past
events.

2. It is a critical investigation of events

3. The purpose is to gain a clearer understanding of the

impact of past on present
CHARACTERISTICS
4. Involves the review of written material OF HISTORICAL
5. Typically relies on available data which are in form RESEARCH
common literature.

6. It covers categories such as historical legal,

documentary, bibliographical, biographical,
institutional, ideational and organizational.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH

USES

QUALITATIVE
TECHNIQUE
 APPLICATIONS AND PURPOSE OF HISTORICAL
research DESIGN
1 2 3

This method involves the This research solely depends upon

To learn how things were secondary sources and a variety of
systematic and objective
location, evaluation, and
done in the past to see if primary documentary evidence,

synthesis of evidence from the they might be applicable such as books, journals, magazines,

past to establish facts and to present day problems newspapers, historical records,

and concerns. diaries, documents, official records,

draw conclusions that defend
reports, pictures, audio, etc.
or refute a hypothesis.
 APPLICATIONS AND PURPOSE OF HISTORICAL
research DESIGN
4 5

Historical research enables you to

Since historical research relies
explore and explain the meanings,
on data from the past, there is no
phases and characteristics of a
way to manipulate it to control
phenomenon or process at a
for contemporary contexts.
particular point of time in the past.
 To sum it up, Historical Research Design make people aware
of what has happened in the past in order to:

1 3 5
2 4

Learn from past Apply them to Make Test hypotheses Understand

failures and concerning present educational
present-day predictions
relationships or practices and
successes problems policies more fully
trends
HISTORICAL DESIGN

WRITING PROCESS
 RESEARCH DESIGN
It enables the researcher to select information relevant to the interest and organize them in a
chronological manner. Using historical research methods, researchers are given insights into the past
that can provide perspective on the future.
1. Formulating a problem
- limiting the area of interest
- isolating the problem

2. Collect source materials

- data gathering through
● Primary Sources
● Secondary Sources
Steps in writing
3. Evaluate the authenticity and accuracy of source historical research
materials

4. Formulate hypothesis

5. Report and interpret findings

 DATA
AND ITS
SOURCES
 About
Data is the backbone of any data analysis work done in the research process.
It is a collection of unorganized information and data from various sources.
The sources of data may vary depending on what the research requires. Its
analysis and interpretation are solely based on different kinds of data from
different sources. Data may be gathered from internal and external sources.
All the information collected from internal sources are known to be the
“primary sources” and the data gathered from external sources are called the
“secondary sources” Furthermore, there are two origins/types of data
sources where the information may come from. The Statistical and Census
Data Sources.
Primary sources ● Encyclopedias,
chronologies, and fact
books
Short terms ● Biographies, monographs,
dissertations

GENERAL HISTORIES
● Journals Articles
● Diaries, journals, speeches,
● Published Books
interviews, memos, and
manuscript
● Newspapers articles, memoirs,
autobiography
● DOCUMENTARY: photographs,
audio, movies or videos
● Field notes, scientific

secondary sources
experiments, artifacts
● Private papers, wills, and deeds
 Primary Sources
Conscious Information
a type of information recorded and restored

References consciously in the form of written, oral

documents, or the actual witnesses of the
incident that occurred in the past.

sources & ●
●
●
Autobiographies
Diaries
Declarations
Letters

Materials used in
●
● Government documents
● Court-Decisions
● Images
● constitutions

historical Unconscious information

a type of information restored in the form of

research
remains or relics.
● Artifacts
● Monuments
● Fossils
● Language literature
Data criticism
- a process used for identifying the validity and reliability of the collected data

External Criticism
- aims at identifying the external features of the data such as signature,
handwriting, language, nature, spelling, etc. , of the documents.

Internal Criticism
- aims at identifying the meaning and reliability of the data. It focuses on the errors,
printing, translation, omission, additions in the documents.

Note : The researchers should use both external and internal criticism to ensure the validity of the data.
DATA
GATHERING METHOD
Contemporaneous corroboration
● utilization of existing evidence regarding past events to be
presented as additional proof of validity.

PHOTOGRAPHY / RECORDED MEDIA

● According to Bateson & Mead, this method is used when words
delimit the field experience over a certain subject.
● Allows researchers to present graphic information under a certain
period of time.
Change log
● records which are composed of any alterations and changes within a
specified project.

Historical revisionism
● consists of re-examining/altering the original historical records or events from
different perspective
● to understand the precise sequence of historical events and critically evaluate
historical theories with the use of reliable records, established facts and other
evidence.
Human evolution
● This is the scientific process wherein change and development of
human beings emerged as a distinct special.
●

Social change
● consists of records, documents, and publications that refer to
significant changes to social relations within society, nature, and
social institutions.
Characteristics
Of a
Historical researcher
Historical
Researcher
are the person who study past
events, people, policies, and
documents to gain an in-depth
understanding of their
significance and impact on
modern and future societies
 1. Respect for historical evidences

2. Passion for history and an enthusiastic engagement in

learning

6 3. Have the ability to think critically about history and

communicate ideas

CharACTERISTICS 4. The ability to think reflect debate, discuss, and evaluate

OF HISTORICAL
the past

5. An excellent knowledge and understanding of people,

RESEARCHER events, and contexts from a range of historical periods and

of historical concepts and processes

6. A desire to embrace challenging activities, including

opportunities to undertake high quality research across a
range of history topics
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