CHAPTER-6, POLITICAL PARTIES

WRITE THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR REGISTER

I.DEFINE
1. SECULAR-
Government is neutral in the affairs of religion. There is no discrimination
against anyone on the basis of religion.
2. COMMUNISM/SOCIALISM-
Private property is abolished and there is collective ownership. Today
communism is closely associated with China and Russia where there is more
state control on the economy to attain economic equality.
3. MARXISM-LENINISM
Vladimir Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary leader.
Karl Marx was a German philosopher.
Their ideology is called Marxism-Leninism.
The main goal of this theory is to transform capitalist society to a socialist
society.
4. COMMUNALISM-
It is a situation when a particular community based on religion tries to promote
its own interest at the cost of other communities. Communal people think that
religion is the basis of society and give importance to welfare of their own
religion only.
5. SECESSIONISM-
Breaking away or separating from an organization, country.
6. IMPERIALISM-
A policy to extend power and domination regarding political and economic
matters to other weaker countries is mainly to exploit their resources. Eg. India
was under imperialistic rule of England.
7. CAPITALISM-
It is a system in which a country’s trade and industry are owned by private
owners for their profit.
 CH-7 OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY
Q. Differentiate between Democratic and Non –Democratic Government.
Sno. DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT NON-DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT
1. Democratic government is 1. It is not accountable, does not
accountable, responsive and respond to people’s needs and is
legitimate government. not a legitimate government.
2. Democracy ensures that the 2. Norms and procedures are not
decision making is based on norms followed in this type of
and procedures. government.
3. Democracy is based on idea of 3. Non-democratic rulers do not
deliberation and negotiation. bother about deliberation or public
opinion.
4. Democratic government follows 4. Transparency is missing in
transparent procedures. Nondemocratic government.
5. Democratic government develops 5. Non-democratic governments
mechanisms for citizens to hold the take quick decisions that are not
government responsible. acceptable to people.
6. Eg. India, USA Eg. North Korea

Q3 of textbook
Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions:
1. Industrialised countries can afford democracy but the poor need
dictatorship to become rich.
Ans. Oppose the statement
There is no relation between democracy and the wealth of the nation.
Economic development of any country depends on resources, policies and
investments. There are countries which are under dictatorship but are poor.
2. Democracy can’t reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens.
Ans. Agree with statement
Democracy cannot reduce economic inequalities. Democracy brings social and
political equality.
3. Government in poor countries should spend more on industries and
infrastructure.
Ans. Oppose the statement
It is more important that countries invest more in human resources. They
should focus more on improving literacy rates and health of citizens.
4. In democracy all citizens have one vote, which means that there is absence
of any domination and conflict.
Ans. Oppose the statement
Citizens are politically equal but there are conflicts in democratic countries as
certain groups may try to dominate other groups. There can be conflicts due to
ethnic differences.
Q4. Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions. Also
suggest policy/ institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given
situations
1. Following a High court directive a temple in Odisha that had separate entry
doors for Dalits and Non-Dalits allowed entry for all from the same door. Ans.
Our constitution gives equal status to all citizens and discrimination based on
caste is punishable by law. Challenge here is to eliminate caste inequalities. 2.
A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.
Ans. Farmers are committing suicides as they are facing problems due to
poverty. Government should provide them subsidies to help them during
economic crisis. Challenge here is to reduce economic inequalities.
3. Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake
encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an inquiry has been ordered. Ans.
Challenge is to check power of police as everyone is equal before law.
Police will have to face inquiry to preserve the people’s trust in the
government.