Biotechnology and Its have been used for designing novel:

(a) Biofertilizers
application
1. Genetically engineered bacteria have
been successfully used in the
commercial production of
(a) human insulin
(b) testosterone
(c) thyroxine
(d) melatonin
2. What is true for monoclonal
antibodies?
(a) These antibodies obtained from one
parent and for one antigen
(b) These antibodies obtained from parent
and for two antigen
(c) These antibodies obtained from one
parent and for many antigen
(d) These antibodies obtained from many
parents and for many antigens
(b) Bio-metallurgical techniques
(c) Bio-mineralization processes
(d) Bioinsecticidal plants
8. A trangenic food crop‘which may help
in solving the problem of night blindness
in developing countries is
(a) FlavrSavr tomatoes
(b) Starlink maize
(c) Bt Soybean
(d) Golden rice
9. Main objective of production/use of
herbicide resistant GM crops is to
(a) eliminate weeds from the field without
the use of manual labour
(b) eliminate weeds from the field without
the use of herbicides
(c) encourage eco-friendly herbicides
(d) reduce herbicide accumulation in food
articles for health safety

3. Maximum application of animal cell 10. Which one of the following is

culture technology today is in the commonly used in transfer of foreign
production of DNA into crop plants?
(a) edible proteins (a) Meloidogyneincognita
(b) insulin (b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(c) interferons (c) Penicilliumexpansum
(d) vaccines (d) Trichoderma harzianum

4. ELISA is used to detect viruses where 11. What is true about Bt toxin?
the key reagent is (a) Bt protein exists as active toxin in the
(a) RNase Bacillus
(b) alkaline phosphatase (b) The activated toxin enters the ovaries of
(c) catalase the pest to sterilise it and thus prevent its
(d) DNA probe multiplication.
(c) The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins.
5. Golden rice is a transgenic crop of the (d) The inactive protoxin gets converted into
future with the following improved trait: active form in the insect gut.
(a) insect resistance
(b) high lysine (essential amino acid) 12. Transgenic plants are the ones:
content (a) generated by introducing foreign DNA
(c) high protein content into a cell and regenerating a plant from
(d) high vitamin-A content that cell.
(b) produced after protoplast fusion in
6. The name of Norman Borlaug is artificial medium.
associated with: (c) grown in artificial medium after
(a) white revolution hybridization in the field.
(b) green revolution (d) produced by a somatic embryo in
(c) yellow revolution artificial medium.
(d) blue revolution
13. The genetically-modified (GM) brinjal
7. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains in India has been developed for:
(a) insect-resistance
(b) enhancing shelf life
(c) enhancing mineral content
(d) drought-resistance
14. Genetic engineering has been
successfully used for producing:
(a) transgenic mice for testing safety of
polio vaccine before use in humans
(b) transgenic models for studying new
treatments for certain cardiac diseases
(c) transgenic cow – rosie which produces
high fat milk for making ghee
(d) animals like bulls for farm work as they
have super power
15. Some of the characteristics of Bt
cotton are:
(a) long fibre and resistance to aphids
(b) medium yield, long fibre and resistance
to beetle pests
(c) high yield and production of toxic
protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
(d) high yield and resistance to bollworms
16. The most common substrate used in
distilleries for the production of ethanol
is
(a) corn meal
(b) soya meal
(c) ground gram
(d) molasses
17. Maximum number of existing
transgenic animals is of:
(a) fish
(b) mice
(c) cow
(d) pig
18. Continuous addition of sugars in ‗fed
batch‘ fermentation is done to:
(a) produce methane
(b) obtain antibiotics
(c) purify enzymes
(d) degrade sewage
19. Silencing of mRNA has been used in
producing transgenic plants resistant to:
(a) bollworms
(b) nematodes
(c) white rusts
(d) bacterial blights
20. Consider the following statements
(A-D) about organic farming: (A) Utilizes
genetically modified crops like Bt cotton
(B) Uses only naturally produced inputs
like compost (C) Does not use pesticides
and urea (D) Produces vegetables rich in
vitamins and minerals Which of the
above statements are correct?
(a) (B), (C) and (D)
(b) (C) and (D) only
(c) (B) and (C) only
(d) (A) and (B) only
21. In history of biology, human genome
project led to the development of:
(a) biotechnology
(b) biomonitoring
(c) bioinformatics
(d) biosystematics
22. Which one of the following
techniques made it possible to
genetically engineer living organism?
(a) Recombinant DNA techniques
(b) X-ray diffraction
(c) Heavier isotope labelling
(d) Hybridization
23. Read the following four statements
(A-D) about certain mistakes in two of
them (A) The first transgenic buffalo,
Rosie produced milk which was human
alphalactal albumin enriched. (B) Restriction
enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from
other macro molecules. (C) Downstream
processing isone of the steps of R-DNA
technology.(D) Disarmed pathogen vectors
are alsoused in transfer of R-DNA into the
host.Which are the two statements
havingmistakes?
(a) Statement (B) and (C)
(b) Statement (C) and (D)
(c) Statement (A) and (C)
(d) Statement (A) and (B)
24. Consumption of which one of the
following foods can prevent the kind of
blindness associated with vitamin ‗A‘
deficiency?
(a) ‗FlaverSavr‘ tomato
(b) Canolla
(c) Golden rice
(d) Bt-Brinjal
25. Tobacco plants resistant to a
nematode have been developed by the
introduction of DNA that produced (in
the host cells)
(a) both sense and anti-sense RNA
(b) a particular hormone
(c) an antifeedant
(d) a toxic protein
26. The first clinical gene therapy was
given for treating
(a) chicken pox
(b) diabetes mellitus
(c) rheumatoid arthritis
(d) adenosine deaminase deficiency
27. Which of the following Bt crops is
being grown in India by the farmers?
(a) Cotton
(b) Brinjal
(c) Soyabean
(d) Maize
28. Which one of the following vectors is
used to replace the defective gene in
gene therapy?
(a) Tiplasmid
(b) Adenovirus
(c) Cosmid
(d) Ri plasmid
29. During the process of isolation of
DNA, chilled ethanol is added to
(a) Remove proteins such as histones
(b) Precipitate DNA
(c) Break open the cell to release DNA
(d) Facilitate action of restriction enzymes
30. RNA interference involves
(a) Synthesis of mRNA from DNA
(b) Synthesis of cDNA from RNA using
reverse transcriptase
(c) Silencing of specific mRNA due to
complementary RNA
(d) Interference of RNA in synthesis of DNA
31.The two polypeptides of human insulin
are linked together by
(a) hydrogen bonds
(b) covalent bond
(c)disulphide bridges
(d) phosphodiester bond
32. A tumour inducing plasmid widely used
in the production of transgenic plant is that
of
(a) Staphylococcus aureus
(b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(c) Escherichia coli
(d) Bacillus thuringiensis
33. Which of the following is responsible for
causing disease in plants? 
(a) virus 
(b) pesticide 
(c) Herbicide 
(d) all the above
34. Golden rice is a genetically modified crop
plant where the incorporated gene is meant
for biosynthesis of
(a) vitamin B
(b) omega 3
(c) vitamin A
(d) vitamin C
35. Select the correct statement(s)-
(1) IARI has released a mustard variety rich
in vitamin C.
(2) Pusa Sawani variety of Okra is resistant
to aphids.
(3) Hairiness of leaves provides resistance to
insect pests.
(4) Agriculture accounts for approximately
33% of India's GDP and employs nearly 62%
of the population.
(a) (1), (3) and (4)
(b) (1) and (2)
(c) (2) and (3)
(d) None of these
36. In which therapy, vectors are used to
introduce desired gene into the body of
patients? 
(a) In vivo, gene therapy 
(b) Germ line therapy 
(c) Ex vivo gene therapy 
(d) Foreign gene therapy
37. Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton
are
(a) long fibre and resistance to aphids
(b) medium yield, long fibre and resistance to
beetle pests
(c) high yield and production of toxic protein
crystals which kill dipteran pests
(d) high yield and resistance to bollworms.
38. Organisms which can be used to gain
commercial benefits are called - 
(a) Beneficial resources 
(b) Bio resources 
(c) Financial resources 
(d) Biological resources
39.In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant 46.What is it that forms the basis of DNA
tissue as protoxin is converted into active fingerprinting?
toxin due to (a) The relative amount of DNA in the ridges
(a) alkaline pH of the insect gut and grooves of the fingerprints
(b) acidic pH of the insect gut (b) The relative proportions of purines and
(c) action of gut microorganisms pyrimidines in DNA
(d) presence of conversion factors in insect (c) The relative difference in the DNA
gut occurrence in blood, skin and saliva.
(d) Satellite DNA occurring as highly
40. Which technology facilitates the repeated short DNA segments
production of novel DNA molecule by
combining sequences from DNA from two 47. Which variety of rice was patented by a
different organisms ?  U.S. company even though the highest
(a) gene therapy  number of varieties of this rice is found in
(b) Recombinant DNA technology  India ?
(c) Polymerase chain reaction  (a) Basmati
(d) germ line gene therapy (b) Lerma Roja
(c) Sharbati Sonara
41. The crops engineered for glyphosate are (d) Co-667
resistant/tolerant to
(a) fungi 48. An improved variety of transgenic
(b) insects basmati rice
(c) herbicides (a) does not require chemical fertilizers and
(d) bacteria. growth hormones
(b) gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A
42. Which was the first product contributed (c) is completely resistant to all insect pests
to human kind by science of Biotechnology and diseases of paddy
in early 1972  (d) gives high yield but has no characteristic
(a) somatotropin  aroma.
(b) Insulin 
(c) cytokines  49. Read the following four statements (AD)
(d) erythropoietin about certain mistakes in two of them.
(A) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie
43. Main objective of production/use of produced milk which was human
herbicide resistant GM crops is to alphalactalbumin enriched.
(a) eliminate weeds from the field without the (B) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation
use of manual labour of DNA from other macromolecules.
(b) eliminate weeds from the field without the (C) Downstream processing is one of the
use of herbicides steps of rDNA technology.
(c) encourage ecofriendly herbicides (D) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used
(d) reduce herbicide accumulation in food in transfer of rDNA into the host.
articles for health safety
Which of the two statements have mistakes?
44. Bio augmentation is …..  (a) A and C
(a) the addition of commercially prepared (b) B and C
bacterial strain  (c) C and D
(b) Production of fertilizers by using bacteria  (d) A and B
(c) the metals are deposited as insoluble
oxides and sulphides by activities of 50. Which one of the following is now being
bacteria  commercially produced by biotechnological
(d) removal of pests procedures?
(a) Nicotine
45. Which one of the following vectors is (b) Insulin
used to replace the defective gene in gene (c) Morphine
therapy? (d) Quinine
(a) Ri plasmid
(b) Ti plasmid
(c) Adenovirus
(d) Cosmid

Solutions :
1.
Solution: (a)
Human insulin has 53 amino acids in two
polypeptides (A and B) connected by two S -
S (disulphide) linkages. In 1983, American
company Eli Lilly prepared two DNA
sequences corresponding to A and B
insulin chains. When introduced in
plamids of E.coli, insulin chains were
formed. They were extracted and fused to
produce humulin (human insulin).
2.
Solution: (a)
Monoclonal antibodies are identical
molecules specific for one type of antigen.
These are obtained by injecting the target
antigen into a rat or mouse. Sometimes
later, the spleen cells producing antibodies
are isolated and fused with myeloma cells
to produce monoclonal antibodies.
3.
Solution: (d)
4.
Solution: (b)
ELISA test is a technique which can detect
any amount of an antibody or antigen with
the help of an enzyme. The commonly used
enzymes are alkaline phosphatase and
peroxidase.
5.
Solution: (d)
Golden rice is a transgenic crop of the
future with high Vit. A content. Millions of
people suffer from Vit. A deficiency which
leads to vision impairment. Transgenic rice
has been developed which is capable of
synthesizing beta carotene, the precursor of
Vitamin A. The rice variety is now being
crossed into adapted varieties with field
tests possible in an year or two.
6.
Solution: (b)
The term Green revolution refers to the
very substantial increase in yield obtained
by breeding high yielding varieties of crops,
under intensive application of fertilizers,
irrigation and pesticides. The world wide
increase, in productivity has come to be
known as the ‗Green Revolution‘ for which
Dr. Borlaug won the Noble Peace Prize in
1970.
7.
Solution: (d)
Bt cotton, a transgenic crop variety has
been introduced in India. The Bt cotton
variety contains a foreign gene obtained
from Bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterial
gene protects cotton from the ball worm, a
major pest of cotton.
8.
Solution: (d)
Golden rice is a transgenic food crop which
may help in solving the problem of night
blindness in developing countries. Golden
rice or miracle rice is rich in vitamin A or β-
carotene and iron and decaffeinated coffee
are also valuable achievements of gene
transfer technology.
9.
Solution: (d)
Main objective of production/use of
herbicide resistant GM crops is to reduce
herbicide accumulation in food articles for
health safety. GM plants has been useful in
many ways. Genetic modifications has
made crops more tolerant to abiotic
stresses, reduced reliance on chemical
pesticides, enhanced nutritional value of
food.
10.
Solution: (b)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal
agent of crown gall disease (the formation
of tumours) in over 140 species of dicot.
This disease caused by a DNA plasmid (Ti
plasmid) carried by bacterium and
transferred to the plant cells. Ti plasmid
has widely used in plant engineering as a
vector in order to inject gene in host plant
to form transgenic plant.
11.
Solution: (d)
About Bt toxin, it is true, that the inactive
protoxin gets converted into active form in
the insect gut there are several advantages
in expressing Bt toxins in
transgenic Bt crops. The level of toxin
expression can be very high, thus delivering
sufficient dosage to the pest. The
toxin expression is contained within the
plant system and hence only those insects
that feed on the crop perish. The toxin
expression can be modulated Biotechnology
and Its Applications 357 by using
tissuespecific promoters and replaces the
use of synthetic pesticides in the
environment.
12.
Solution: (a)
Transgenic plants are the ones generated
by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and
regenerating a plant from that cell.
13.
Solution: (a)
The genetically modified brinjal in India
has been developed for insect resistance. Bt
brinjal is a transgenic brinjal that is
developed by inserting a crystal gene from
the Bacillus thuringiensis into the brinjal‘s
genome. This process of insertion is
accomplished using Agrobacterium
mediated recombination.
14.
Solution: (a)
Genetic engineering has been successfully
used for producing transgenic mice. Many
transgenic mice are designed to increase
our understanding of how genes contribute
to development of diseases. Transgenic
mice are being developed for use in testing
the safety of vaccine before they are used in
human beings. For example transgenic
mice are being used to test the safety of
polio vaccine.
15.
Solution: (d)
Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus
thuringiensis and incorporated into cotton
plant to form a genetically modified crop
called Bt cotton. Bt cotton has high yield
and resistance to bollworms.
16.
Solution: (d)
Molasses are commonly used in distillaries
for the production of ethanol. The molasses
is diluted to a mash containing 10-20 wt%
of sugar. By the fermentation system of
molasses ethanol can be produced.
17.
Solution: (b)
In the world maximum number of existing
transgenic animals is mice.
18.
Solution: (c)
A fed batch is a biotechnological batch
process which is based on feeding of a
growth limiting nutrient substrate to
culture. It is done for purifying enzymes.
19.
Solution: (b)
In this technique nematode specific genes
are introduced in the host plant in such a
way that it produces both sense and
antisense RNA. The two RNA‘s being
complementary to each other from a double
stranded RNA (dsRNA) which is also called
interfering RNA responsible for initiating
RNA interference (RNA i). This (dsRNA) bind
to and prevent translation of specific mRNA
of nematode (gene silencing). Thus
transgenic plants based on RNAi
technology are resistant to nematode.
20.
Solution: (c)
Organic farming is the form of agriculture
that relies on the techniques like crop
rotation, green manure, compost and
biological pest control.
21.
Solution: (c)
Common activities in bioinformatics
include mapping and analysing DNA and
protein sequences, aligning different DNA
etc are the part of human genome project.
22.
Solution: (a)
Recombinant DNA technology is the
process joining together two DNA molecules
from two different species that are inserted
into a host organism to produce new
genetic combination.
23.
Solution: (d)
Transgenic Rosie is actually cow.
Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at specific
sites.
24.
Solution: (c)
Golden rice is vitamin A rich variety
developed by rDNA technology and used in
the treatment of vitamin A deficiency.
25.
Solution: (a)
RNA interference technique, sense &
antisense RNA fused to form dsRNA that
silent the expression of m- RNA of
nematode. RNA interference is a novel
strategy adopted to prevent infestation of
nematode Meloidegyneincognitia in roots of
tobacco plants.
26.
Solution: (d)
Gene therapy is an experimental technique
that uses genes to treat or prevent disease.
The first clinical gene therapy was given for
treating adenosine deaminase deficiency. A
four-year old girl became the first gene
therapy patient on September 14, 1990 at
the NIH Clinical Center. Adenosine
deaminase deficiency, also called ADA
deficiency or ADASCID is an autosomal
recessive metabolic disorder that causes
immunodeficiency. ADA deficiency is due to
a lack of the enzyme adenosine deaminase.
27.
Solution: (a)
Bt cotton is being grown in India by the
farmers. Bt cotton is pest resistant plant
which could decreased the pesticides used.
Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium
Bacillus thusringiensis (Bt for short). Bt
toxin gene has been cloned from the
bacteria and been expressed in plants to
provide resistance to insects without the
need for insecticides.
28.
Solution: (b)
Adenovirus is non-enveloped dsDNA virus
which cause respiratory diseases.
Adenovirus is used as a vehicle to
administer targeted therapy in the form of
recombinant DNA or protein. Specific
modifications on fibre proteins are used to
target adenovirus to certain cell types, a
major effort is made to limit hepatotoxicity
and prevent multiple organ failure.
29.
Solution: (b)
Ethanol is non-polar molecule while DNA
is a polar molecule, it has a net negative
charge due to the phosphate groups
attached to it. When DNA is placed into a
solution of 100% ethanol, it becomes
insoluble and precipitates out of solution.
30.
Solution: (c)
RNAi is a method of cellular defense in all
eukaryotes. It is a system within living cells
that helps to control the activity of specific
genes. This method involves silencing of
mRNA due to complementary double
stranded RNA that prevents translation of
target gene or mRNA [silencing]. Source of
ds RNA is retrovirus (having RNA genome)
or transposons (mobile genetic material).
31.
(c) The insulin molecule consists of two
peptide chains, the A-chain and the B-chain,
linked by two disulfide bonds
32.
(b) Ti plasmid is found extragenomically
in  Agrobacterium tumefaciens which
possesses T-DNA that is responsible for
causing tumour in host plant.
33.
(a) virus causing disease in plants.
34.
(c) The new genetically modified rice (Oryza
sativa) type is golden rice. It is produced for
the synthesis of vitamin A, to biosynthesize
beta – carotene. It has a high content
of vitamin A
35.
(a) 1 , 3, and 4
36.
(a) In vivo gene therapy is a direct method of
inserting the genetic material into the
targeted tissue, and transduction takes place
within the patient's own cells. In vivo gene
therapy means that therapy is administered
directly the patient. The targeted cells
remain in the body of the patient. With
ex vivo gene/cell therapy the targeted cells
are removed from the patient and gene
therapy is administered to the cells
in vitro before they are returned to the
patient's body.
37.
(d) Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus
thuringiensis and incorporated into cotton
plant. The genetically modified crop is called
Bt cotton. Bt cotton has the following useful
characteristics : pest resistance, herbicide
tolerance, high yield and resistance to boll
worm infestation.
38
(b) bio resource
39.
(c) Soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis
produces proteins that kill certain insects
like lepidopterans (tobacco budworm,
armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and
dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). B.
thuringiensis forms some protein crystals.
These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal
protein. This toxin does not kill the Bacillus
(bacterium) because it exists as inactive
protoxins in them. But, once an insect cassette that expresses a foreign therapeutic
ingests it, it is converted into an active form gene.
of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the
alimentary canal. The activated toxin binds 46.
to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and (d) DNA fingerprint is individual-specific DNA
create pores that cause swelling and lysis identification which is made possible by the
and finally cause death of the insect.
finding that no two people are likely to have
the same of copies of repetitive DNA
40.
sequences of regions. The chromosomes of
(b) Recombinant DNA is the method
every human cells contains short, highly
of joining two or more DNA molecules to
repeated DNA sequence (15 nucleotide)
create a hybrid. The technology is made
called minisatelite scattered throughout.
possible by two types of enzymes, restriction
endonucleases and ligase. A restriction
47.
endonuclease recognizes a
(a) basmati
specific sequence of DNA and cuts within, or
close to, that sequence.
48.
41.
(b) gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A
(c) Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum systemic
herbicide and crop desiccant. It is an
49.
organophosphorus compound, specifically a
(d)  the first transgenic  cow,  Rosie,
phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the
produced human protein enriched milk. In
plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-
order to cut the  DNA with  restriction
phosphate synthase. It is used to kill weeds,
enzymes, it needs to be in pure form, free
especially annual broadleaf weeds and
from other macromolecules. Deoxyribo
grasses that compete with crops
nuclease is not used in this process as
this enzyme causes the lysis
42.
of DNA molecules.
(a) Identification of the biochemical structure
50.
of Growth Hormone or somatotropin
(b) insulin
in 1972 became the catalyst for the
development of recombinant DNA-
derived human GH, the gene for which was
cloned for the first time in 1979.

43.
(d) The main objective of production/use of
herbicide resistant Genetically Modified (GM)
crops is to reduce herbicide accumulation in
food articles for health safety.
44.
(a) Bioaugmentation is the practice of adding
cultured microorganisms into the subsurface
for the purpose of biodegrading specific soil
and groundwater contaminants.it is the
addition of commercially prepared bacterial
strain.

45.
(c) They are used for gene therapy and as
vaccines to express foreign
antigens. Adenovirus vectors can be
replication-defective; certain essential
viral genes are deleted and replaced by a