Index
Adam, Jeroen, 272n40
Adorno, Theodor W., 277n28
aesthetics, 9, 19, 182, 244n51
Ahuru neighborhood, 159, 167
Al Fatah mosque, 174
Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI), 253n41
Ambon City: churches, 175; growth of, 11;
map of, 2; markets, 4, 39–40, 41; migrants,
40; mosques, 174, 175; motorbike-taxi
stand, 139, 140; origin of, 11; painted land-
scapes, 136–37; Pattimura Raya Avenue, 2;
population profile, 11, 116, 159–60; postwar
urban environment, 27, 113–14; property
and land disputes, 168; Protestant Chris-
tian hegemony in, 7, 11, 12, 130, 136; reli-
gious division of, 3–4, 6, 51–52; reputation
of, 46; September 11 violence, 222; sketches
of, 225–26; transportation, 3; unemploy-
ment, 95; Victoria Fort, 226; wartime
conditions, 4
Ambon Ekspres (Muslim newspaper), 44
Ambon Island: Christian dominance on, 13–
15; Dutch power on, 11–12; map of, 2; popu-
lation profile, 13; spice trade, 11–12, 240n16
Ambon’s Christian University, 116
Ambon’s conflict: aftermath of, 2–3, 35, 64–65;
amplifications of, 56–57; anticipatory prac-
tices and, 61; atmosphere of uncertainty, 38,
182; causes of, 15, 26, 36, 40, 42, 47, 51, 52;
comparative perspective, 54, 56, 128,
254n50, 261n128; conspiracy theories about,
64; criminal activities during, 39, 62; geog-
raphy of, 128; God’s presence during, 43,
68–69, 70, 72, 106, 252n34; imagination of
299
others in, 46–47, 55–56; Laskar Jihad, 34;
legal vacuum, 63–64; media coverage of,
8, 18–19, 34, 38, 47–48, 57–58; migration
during, 40; outbreak of, 33, 43–44; peace-
making attempts, 64; phases of, 33, 34–35,
249n11; public perception of, 34; reciprocity
in, 44; religious divide and, 46, 47, 128, 178;
sense of audience, 55; studies of, 36, 45;
surge in faith during, 68–69; thick of things
implicated in, 45–52; victims of, 34, 44; vio-
lence during, 8, 27, 47, 61; visualization of
difference, 62–63
Amirrachman, Alpha, 254n53
amulets, 164, 179
Anak Seribu Pulau (documentary), 245n58
anchorage, 109–10
Anderson, Benedict, 54
anticipatory practices, 61
Appadurai, Arjun, 260n121
appearance, 8, 19. See also work of appear-
ances; work on appearances
Aragon, Lorraine V., 249n7, 254n48, 258n89
baku baik (being on good terms), 198
Bali bombings (2002), 123
bang (younger men), 52, 257n73
Bartels, Dieter, 89
Barthes, Roland, 109
Batu Gajah minority, 168
Batu Merah Mosque, 175, 194
BBM (Buginese, Butonese, and Makassarese
or Muslim migrants), 40, 272n40
Belakang Soya district: Christian pictures in,
80, 119, 120
300
biker associations: appearance of motorbikes,
95, 97; Christian-themed T-shirts of, 100, 101;
financing of street painting, 93; logos of, 89,
90, 93; masculine culture of, 90–91, 95, 97–
98; names of, 89–90; protection of neighbor-
hoods, 93–94; religious identification, 89, 90,
95, 97; self-documentation of, 97–98, 98–103,
112; social status of, 95–96; surveillance of, 95
Birth of a Nation, The (film), 49
Black Dutchmen, 12, 14, 153
black magic, 166
blood-brother renewal ceremonies, 195, 196
“Bloody Christmas” (Yesayas), 43, 60, 67, 66
Bloody Poso Tragedy, The (video), 249n7,
252n39, 258nn89,94
Bräuchler, Birgit, 276n10
Bubandt, Nils, 252n34, 259n95
bung (“brother”), 52, 257n73
Butler, Judith: Frames of War, 153
Calvinism: aniconic tradition of, 69, 83, 85,
110; public displays of piety, 4
Camdessus, Michel, 16
carnival parades, 194
Catholics: at “Happy Stage” performance,
209; interreligious conflict and, 167; news-
paper, 220; proselytism of, 13; vs. Protes-
tants, 104, 174, 175–76
Caton, Steven, 240n14
Certeau, Michel de, 159, 214; The Practice of
Everyday Life, 214
Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 254n49
Chauvel, Richard: “Ambon’s Other Half,” 12
“child in the picture” genre, 191, 192, 199–200,
212, 245n58
children: vs. adults, 254n53; bonds of kinship,
50; education of, 210; letters and poems of,
276n14; media depiction of, 21–23, 211; mes-
sages on poster, 205, 205–6; performances
of, 208–9, 209, 230; promotion of freedom
of expression for, 211; propaganda value of,
49–50; public service announcement and,
204, 210–12, 213; reconciliation events for, 51,
198; in refugee camps, 206, 207–8; stereo-
types of, 210; Suharto regime and, 20;
trauma counseling and healing programs
for, 201, 255n62; violence and, 21, 22, 26, 49
children’s drawings: aspirations for, 206; inter-
religious cohabitation in, 200, 201; from JRS
contest, 201, 202–3; mediations of produc-
tion of, 206–8; NGO projects, 206; reconcil-
iation genre, 200, 201, 205; signs of the state
in, 201; soldiers in, 206, 207; study of, 230;
violence in, 208; on the walls of a refugee
camp, 207
Chinese Indonesians, 247n93
Christ at large, 4, 72, 76, 88, 105, 115
INDEX
Christian communities: genocide of, 130–31;
interdenominational competition, 174, 175;
vs. Muslims, 174, 181, 182–83; public display
of solidarity, 175–76; secret codes of com-
munication, 183
Christian iconographic canon, 77, 78, 79, 82,
83, 86, 110, 132, 156
Christian images: audiovisual technologies
and, 7–8; autonomy of, 24; billboards and
murals, 104, 188; of a brown Christ, 125, 126;
Calvinist claim about, 82, 119; effect of, 6–7,
10, 29, 31, 79, 189; emergence of, 19; frames
of, 83; God’s presence in, 76–77, 85; graffiti
style, 106, 108; in home prayer room, 127, 131,
132, 151–52; identificatory circuit of, 104;
ideological statements of, 137; inspiration
for, 68, 76–77; as mediation of transcen-
dence, 26; monumentality of, 115, 230; oppo-
sition to, 69; painters of, 116; perception of,
115; power of, 24, 67, 68, 72, 106; proliferation
of, 154; in public spaces, 23, 137; radicalism
of, 77; repertoire of, 25; repetition in, 80; re-
storative impulse of, 78–79, 83; in sacred
spaces, 115; scale of, 222; sense of a sacred
landscape, 127–28, 131–32; social reality and,
24–25; study of, 229, 231–32; stylistic expres-
sions, 112; as symptoms of crisis, 29; tempo-
ralities of, 67, 77–78; territorial claims, 72,
79, 104, 105–6, 110; visibility of, 19; women
depicted in, 104–5; in the yard, 126
Christian Maluku Sovereignty Front (FKM),
35, 59
Christian print culture, 81, 156
Christian-themed T-shirts, 97, 100, 101
Christ of the Second Coming: image of, 80,
176, 177, 229
citizen’s identity card (KTP), 85, 143–44,
263n25, 268n51
Clausewitz, Carl von, 37, 38, 224, 250n17
coexistence, 170
cohabitation, 158
Coker (“cool men”) gang, 91, 92, 97
Collins, James T., 255n55, 271n35
Communications Forum of the Sunna and the
Community of the Prophet (FKAWJ), 49–50
community leaders, 194–95
Comolli, Jean-Louis, 154
conspiracy theories, 223
conversion: vs. displacement, 168; forms of,
161; protests against, 176, 197; of women, 162
“crowbar troops” (pasukan linggis), 49, 255n57
customs, 195, 196
Daun di Atas Bantal (documentary), 245n58
demonstrations, 197
Derrida, Jacques, 152
diabolical crisis, 159
INDEX 301

disfiguration, 9, 10 imagined communities, 54

displacement, 168, 169 Independence Day celebration, 96–97, 193
Dutch colonial legacy, 241n20 Indonesia: appearance of crisis, 17–18; demo-
Dutch East India Company (VOC), 11–12, 14, cratic transition, 27; Dutch colonization of,
38, 184 11–12; financial crisis, 16; foreign relations,
38; internet revolution, 243n47; Islamization
ecumenicalism, 174 of, 10, 14–15, 130–31; Japanese occupation of,
emosi, 109, 110 13; liberalization of media in, 7–8, 18; map
enframement: process of, 153 of, x; marriage customs, 269n10; May 1998
ephemeral mediations, 229, 230 riots, 16; national ideology, 111, 124; political
“Evening of Re-encounter” event, 197 regime, 7, 15, 17, 21; population profile, 49;
exorcism, 159 post-war politics, 64, 210; promulgation of
independence of, 12; regional autonomy
face of the Other, 181 program, 17; religions in, 253n46, 267n37;
family names, 184 role of the street in, 111–12; scholarship, 29–
Fealy, Greg, 271n28 30; separatist movement, 35; state control,
figuration, 9, 10, 27 94; transformation of public space in, 130;
filmmaking, 18, 245nn58,64 violence in, 17, 38–39
Five Points ideology, 134 Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI), 109
fog of war, 1, 5, 37, 38, 224, 231 Indonesian Communist Party, 255n55
Forum for Love and Peace contest, 191, 192 infrastructure of the imagination, 56, 223, 231
frames, 152, 153, 154 internally displaced people (IDPs), 167–68, 169
Francis Xavier, Saint: statue of, 3 International Crisis Group, 63
freedom fighters, 89 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 16
frenzy of the visible, 154–55 Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), 130
friend/enemy distinction, 181, 182
Jain, Kajri, 244n51
gang (urban alleys), 184 Jakarta: anti-Christian violence, 42; Bundaran
gangsters (preman), 42, 91, 252n30 HI roundabout, 111; Christ displays, 6;
Gaonkar, Dilip, 110, 111 Muslim-Christian conflict, 55; riots in, 16, 33
Gaza Strips trope, 54, 56, 128 Jame Mosque, 226
Geertz, Clifford, 29 Jamu Masjid mosque, 174
Gloria (Christian magazine), 80 Jawa Pos media group, 44, 278n43
government officials: public display of images Jemaah Islamiyah Islamist group, 256n68
of, 85–86 Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), 191, 192, 193, 201
GPM. See Protestant Church of the Moluccas Jesus Christ: holding a Sacred Heart, 106; ser-
(GPM) vice to mankind, 146–47; Western represen-
graffiti, 105–6, 108, 109 tation of, 143; as a white commander, 71, 80
Griffith, D. W., 49 Jesus Christ, paintings of: on billboards and
guardhouses, 88, 94 murals, 26, 70, 73–75, 84, 105, 141, 142, 145,
Gunning, Tom, 154 169, 190; children and, 135–36; in churches,
Gusmão, Xanana, 35 6, 84, 87; on city walls, 4, 26; in Garden of
Gethsemane, 113–14, 129; iconographic
Haasse, Hella, 49 canon and, 86–87, 143, 145–46; identity pho-
Habibie, Bacharuddin Jusuf, 7, 17, 46 tograph as model for, 143–44; impact on the
Happy Stage performance, 200, 208–9, 209 viewer, 64–65, 70–71, 72, 115, 141, 143, 145; as
haunting, 180 landscapes, 114–15, 145; Malukan appearance
Haz, Hamzah, 34 of, 124, 125, 126, 132–33, 134, 135; mobility of,
Hofmann, Heinrich, 80, 82 145; models for, 79–81; monumentalization
Horkheimer, Max, 277n28 of, 4, 144, 154, 185; on motorbike-taxi stand,
Hout, Itie van, 260n116 139, 140; in neighborhood gateways, 107;
Hulsbosch, Marianne, 13 overlooking a globe turned to Ambon, 137,
138, 140; overlooking Ambon Bay, 86, 87;
Idul Fitri festivities, 43 overlooking the city of Ambon, 67, 153, 190;
images: circulation through time, 240n14; defi- in photomechanical settings, 87, 87; on post-
nition of, 9; message of, 262n12; soft power ers, 41, 81; print as model for, 81, 81, 82; in pri-
and, 247n90; as triggers of violence, 30 vate homes, 6, 81, 84; Roman soldiers and,
302
Jesus Christ (continued)
144, 145; with scenes from Jesus Christ’s life,
142; size of, 114, 145, 186; visual appeal of, 71
jihad, 34
Joseph, Lamberth C.: artistic style of, 123, 146;
background of, 116, 122; home of, 122; paint-
ings of, 122, 123, 123, 146–47, 147; training of,
146; visualization of violence, 146. See also
triptych of the apocalypse
journalism: abstract lexicon of, 57–58; transpar-
ency and, 219, 220. See also peace journalism
“Judas’s kids,” 92
Kalla, Jusuf, 63
Kaplan, Benjamin, 170
Keane, Webb, 262n23
Kei Islands: violence in, 34, 261n128
Khoury, Elias, 25
KKN (collusion, corruption, nepotism), 17
Klinken, Gerry van, 272n44
KNIL (Royal Netherlands Indies Army), 12,
241n21
Kompas (newspaper), 220
Kusno, Abidin, 88, 93
Laksono, Pachalis Maria, 261n128
Laskar Jihad: in Ambon, 34–35, 59; complaints
against, 179; formation of, 35, 248n5; ideol-
ogy of, 249n9; insignia of, 167, 178; self-
publicity of, 256n68
Laskar Jihad radio station, 53, 57, 197
Laskar Mujaheddin, 35
Lease Islands, 11, 12
Lévinas, Emmanuel, 181
Lim, Merlyna, 243n47
Lombok island: anti-Christian riots on, 42
magic: books about, 271n35; diversity of, 165;
mimetic practices of shamans, 277n28; pop-
ularity of, 159, 165, 270n18; roots of, 165; tal-
ismans and amulets, 164, 166. See also black
magic
magical protection, 165–66
Malino II Peace Agreement: elite character of,
199; relative success of, 64; signing of, 6, 35,
63, 191, 240n5, 248n1; sporadic breaches of,
248n1; terms of, 63, 276n20
Maluku, province of: capital of, 160; Christian
hegemony in, 15, 55, 56; construction boom,
195; Dutch colonialism in, 7, 13; interreli-
gious violence in, 5–6; map of, x; popula-
tion profile, 6, 255n55, 272n44; state of
emergency, 34–35
Maluku Media Centre (MMC), 253n41
Maluku Sketch Walker photography club, 27,
193, 227; sketches of, 225, 225–26
INDEX
Manado City, 5, 36, 42, 53, 72
Manado Pos (newspaper), 216, 278n43
Mandagi, Petrus Canisius, 261n128
Manuhutu, Wim, 255n55
Manuputty, Jacky, 222, 223
Maranatha church, 2, 4, 164–65, 225
Masariku (Protestant newsgroup), 49, 50
masculine performances, 90–91, 96, 97–98
McRae, Dave, 249n11
media technologies, 8, 18–19
mediation, 85
Mewar, Rusli, 201
migrants: aggression against, 169
Minister Ho, 148, 151
Mirzoeff, Nicholas, 243n50
Mitchell, W. J. T., 262n12
motorbike-taxi collectives, 93, 95
Muslim Ambonese community: area of con-
centration, 241n18; Christians’ interactions
with, 158, 161; colonial experience of, 13;
color of clothes, 62; customary practices,
29–30, 241n24; growing power of, 15; immi-
gration policies and, 37; installation of com-
munity leaders, 194–95; invisibility of, 3, 11,
15; in national historiography, 14; popula-
tion statistics, 13; religiosity of, 249n9; resis-
tance movement and, 12
Muslim-Christian Reconciliation (VCD), 198
Muslim power murals, 91, 92
National Children’s Day celebration, 210
neighborhoods: Christian billboards in, 188;
communication posts at borders of, 93; con-
flicts between, 187–88; defenders of, 89;
gangs, 89; gateways, 107; gender- and age-
based division, 187; organization of life in,
186; state control of, 187
Nordholt, Henk Schulte, 252n30
North Maluku, province of, 216
North Maluku’s Suffering (VCD), 60
Nugroho, Garin, 245n58
objects: implicated in violence, 176, 178; power
of, 180; protective qualities of, 178–79
occultism, 164, 165
ontology of the self, 181
OSM (Dutch Opleiding School Maritiem), 184
Other, 181
painters, 116–17, 118, 123–24
Pancasila Christ, 132, 133, 134, 135–36
Paramaditha, Intan, 21, 244n56
Pattimura Day celebration, 96
Pattimura Statue: sketch of, 225
Pattinama, Linley Jerry, 225
INDEX 303

Peace and Love Forum of the Jesuit Refugee Qur’an, pocket-size: protective qualities of, 178
Service, 191
peace initiatives, 193 Radar Ternate (a.k.a. Radar Kieraha) (newspa-
peace journalism: challenges of, 218; focus on per), 216, 217, 220, 278n42
numbers, 214, 215, 218; language of, 220–21, radical cohabitation, 162
259n100; limitations of, 217; mission of, 216, Rais, Amien, 34
217–18; partisan stereotypes and, 221–22; Rancière, Jacques, 8, 9
professional dedication to, 218–19; promo- reconciliation: aesthetic artifacts of, 212; cele-
tion of, 27, 253n41; religious identities in, brations of, 194, 195; concept of, 276n10;
216; reporting style, 215–16, 218, 219, 220, 221; drawing contest, 191, 192, 193, 200; genre of,
training in, 216 49, 50, 192; media coverage of, 199, 214; pro-
Peace Provocateurs: emergence of, 222; influ- motion of, 192, 197–99, 204; spectacles of,
ence of, 223–24; network, 193, 223; photo- 193–99; women and, 198
graphs of, 224–25; prevention of violence, refocalization, 171–72
199, 223, 224; reporting tactics of, 223; use of Reformasi movement, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 111
social media, 223, 224 refraction, 263n25
Peace Song (documentary), 21, 245n58 refugees, 5, 51, 178, 212
pemuda (male youth), 88–89 religion: as alternative to the state, 144; con-
Pentecostal church, 172–73 flict and, 26; identity and, 167; vs. magic,
people without history, 110, 111–12 157; mediation and, 85; pagan, 164; posses-
photographs: of Indonesia, 224, 242n41; of tor- sions as threat to, 160; under the sign of cri-
ture, 153; of traces of violence, 225; as “wit- sis, 163, 185; simplification of, 173–74;
nesses of history,” 245n57 transformation of, 160; visualization of dif-
Pinney, Christopher, 262n12 ference in, 62–63
pocket bible: protective qualities of, 179 representational redress, 78
Portraits of Maluku series, 50 Representatives of Christ’s Kingdom church
Poso, town of: conflict in, 61, 249n7, 252n39, (ROCK), 171, 172
254n48, 261n129 Republic of the South Moluccas (RMS) sepa-
possessions, 159–60, 166 ratist movement, 12, 248n1
prayer booklets, 178 Republika (newspaper), 220
praying: as response to violence, 172 Riis, Jacob, 12
present of warfare, 25 Rumphius, Georg Eberhard, 2–3
production of religion, 37–38 Rumphius Library, 2
proselytization, 161
Protestant Ambonese: Catholics and, 174, 175, Sacred Pancasila Monument, 20
178; color of clothes, 62; during Japanese Saint Franciscus cathedral, 226
occupation, 153–54; neighborhoods of, 3; Salamism, 271n28
production of Christian images, 15, 22, 23– Sallman, Warner, 82
24, 76–77; religious mobility, 176; self-per- “sandfly troops” (pasukan agas), 49, 255n57
ception of, 26, 146, 153, 154; social and SARA (“Suku, Agama, Ras, Antar-Golon-
political status of, 3, 7, 11–14, 27, 77, 79, 153; gan”), 57
visibility of, 3, 13 Schmitt, Carl, 181
Protestant Church of the Moluccas (GPM): scrolling, 226–27
abandonment of, 162; competitive pressure sensory perception, 8–9
on, 170–71, 172; loss of prestige, 167, 173; mis- September 30, 1965, Movement/Communist
sionaries of, 262n23; origin of, 2, 263n24; Treason, The (film), 20
Pentecostalization of, 176; visibility of, September 30 Movement, 15
267n31 Seram’s indigenous culture museum, 116, 125
Protestant mentality, 130 Sholeh, Badrus, 249n9
Protestant women’s group, 198 Sidel, John, 253n46
public Islam, 130, 266n29 Siegel, James T., 254n50
public service announcements (PSA): aes- Silo Church, 43, 60, 66, 86, 223
thetic of, 212; children’s input into, 210–12, simplification, 168, 169
213; impact of, 51, 188; portrayal of children social media, 226
in, 50–51, 212; production of, 18, 210; promo- Sol, Andreas, 179
tion of reconciliation, 204, 208; television Steedly, Mary, 39, 242n42
broadcast of, 48–49 Strassler, Karen, 242n41, 247n93, 263n25
304
street pictures: aim of, 78; Christian icono-
graphic canon and, 79; discontinuities of,
77; diversity of, 114; effect of, 69–70, 136, 137,
168, 229, 230, 231; evolution of, 26, 68, 117; as
expression of faith, 68, 69, 72; financing of,
93; God’s presence in, 72, 76; importance of,
70; innovation of, 78; inspiration for, 72;
openness of, 137; opposition to, 69; popular-
ity of, 79, 108; reproduction of, 231–32
street renaming, 185
streets and squares: political significance of,
110–12
Suara Maluku (newspaper), 44
Suharto, Tien: ascendance to power, 12;
downfall of, 5, 7, 15; economic policy of, 16;
foreign policy of, 38; Islamization policy of,
10, 14; political regime of, 15–16, 23, 30, 144,
244n53, 251n19; state propaganda, 20, 85–86;
use of magical objects, 270n18
Sukarnoputri, Megawati, 93
symptomatology of crisis, 28–29, 163
talismanic jackets, 197, 260n116
talismans, 164, 166
Tamaela, Christian: career of, 116, 124; educa-
tion of, 124; paintings of, 132, 133, 134, 136,
144; on relations of Christ and children, 135
Tamaela, Nus: artistic work of, 125, 126, 144;
career of, 116; crisis of faith of, 179; passion
for painting, 123, 124; promotion of Malu-
kan culture, 125; Seram collections, 125
Telkom Graphics Department, 117
Ternate City: media coverage of events in, 216,
217
Thalib, Ja’far Umar, 53–54, 248n5, 271n28
thingification: trope of, 254n49
Tiahahu, Martha, 14
Titaley, Sammy, 68, 69, 70, 71, 76
Topatimasang, Roem, 261n128
transparency, 16–17, 19
triptych of the apocalypse: creation of, 146,
148; depiction of salvation, 151; fragments of,
149–50; Jericho’s fortifications collapsing
under siege, 151; panoply of sins, 151; storage
of, 148, 150; view of, 149
“Unity in Diversity” motto, 208, 210
usi (“older sister”), 52, 257n73
victimization, 252n39
victim of violence: denial of humanity of,
254n49
Victory (painter): paintings of, 119, 120; studio
of, 116, 120, 121; thematic range of, 120, 122
“Victory ’72 Gallery,” 120
video compact discs (VCDs): authorizing dis-
courses of, 59–60; effect of, 59, 60–61,
INDEX
249n7; genre of, 58; labels, 59; language of,
258n89; mass appeal of, 18, 59; as news plat-
form, 34; production of, 56, 58–59, 258n89,
260n114; types of, 58, 60
violence: as an adult problem, 51; audience
and, 55; causes of, 167–68, 260n121; against
children, 18–19, 20; descriptors of, 220; do-
mestic, 95; effects of, 52; imagination and,
45, 61; in Indonesia, perspectives on, 38–39;
in media production, 20; against migrants,
27; praying as response to, 172; psychosocial
damage of, 95; in religion’s name, 27, 42; ru-
mors and, 217; spread of, 58; state, 39; visual-
ity of, 243n50, 244nn53,56
Virgin Mary: statue of, 104–5, 105
visibility: aesthetics of, 19–20; inequality and,
12–13; sociopolitical order and, 8–9, 14–15,
267n31; studies of, 8; Oscar Wilde on, 8
visuality: of politics, 30; powers of, 18; of vio-
lence, 243n50, 244nn53,56
Viva Indonesia! An Anthology of Letters to
God (film), 21–22, 23, 51, 199
VOC. See Dutch East India Company
“Voice of the Heart-Acang and Obet” video,
48, 48–49, 50, 51, 200
Vries, Hent de, 85
Waai, village of, 117
Wahid, Abdurrahman, 34
Wakano, Abidin, 222
war: definition of, 37; frames of, 153; language
as causality of, 52; politics of numbers, 214,
215; production of images of, 30–31;
soundtracks of, 52–54; uncertainty of,
250n17. See also fog of war
wartime graffiti. See graffiti
Wattimena, Agus, 91
Wilde, Oscar, 8
women: as civil servants, 187; demonic posses-
sion, 186–87; everyday life of, 158; religious
displacement of, 158, 161; standoff between
Muslim and Christian, 167
Women and Children Exchange drawing
competition, 276n15
work of appearances, 9, 10, 47
work on appearances, 9, 10, 27, 83, 226
Yesayas, Jhon: artistic career of, 81, 118, 128,
140–41; “Bloody Christmas,” 66; Christ in
Gethsemane, 80; employment of, 117; identi-
fication with ROCK, 176; on image of Jesus,
140–41, 143, 144, 146; on portrayals of Chris-
tian scenes, 119; reflection on his work, 67,
69–70, 86–87, 94; religious motivation of,
118–19; reputation of, 116
Yudhoyono, Kristiani, 119, 120
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 119
Patricia Spyer is Professor of Anthropology at the Graduate Institute, Geneva.
She is the author of The Memory of Trade: Modernity’s Entanglements on an
Eastern Indonesian Island (Duke, 2000). She has also edited and co- edited a
number of books, including Images That Move (SAR Press, 2013), Handbook
of Material Culture (Sage, 2006, pbk 2013), and Border Fetishisms: Material
Objects in Unstable Spaces (Routledge, 1998).