Chapt

er3

Pur
pos
eoft
heSt
udyandRes
ear
chDes
ign

Thepurpos eofthes t
udyi stoknowt heexperie
nc esofonli
nesel
lersduringthi
s
timeofpande mi c.Duet othec har act
eri
sti
csoft hestudy,theresear
chersconductan
interv
iewt osel
e cte
dr espondentsi ngatheringinformationforthepurposer e
search
throught oanalyzeandunde rs
tandt hei
rexpe r
iencesduringthepandemi c
.The
researcherthe
nwr it
e sanarrativeoft heexpe r
ience
soft heonlinesel
ler
sdur i
ngt hi
sti
me
ofpande micinL ambunao,I l
oilo.Thi sst
udyus edanonl ineinterv
iewguidetot hekey
partic
ipantswithinL ambunao,I loilo.

Inthi
sstudy,aqualit
ati
ver e
se ar
ch,phenome nologic
aldesignwase mploy
ed.Thi
s
desi
gnwasmai nlysel
ecte
dbe cause;itall
owsthee xplor
ationandunde rstandi
ngof
inf
ormants’r
esponsesthroughdirect
lyde al
ingwiththeiriss
ue si
nde pth.Suchdes
ign
als
oinformstostudyresearc
hpr oblemsaddr e
ssi
ngt heme aningindivi
dualsorgr
oups
ascr
ibetoasoci
alorhumanpr oblem.

Accordi
ngt oMe rr
iam andTisdellthisdesi
gnas s
ist
squal i
tativ
er esearchersi
n
underst
andinghowpe oplei
nterpr
e ttheirexperi
ences,howt heyc onstr
uc ttheirworlds,
andwhatme ani
ngt heyattr
ibutetothe i
re x
pe r
iencesbyfocusinghowpe opl eadjus
tt o
si
tuati
ons,howt heythinkaboutthisphas eofthe i
rli
ves,t
hepr oce s
stheye ngagedin
whenmov i
ngfrom onephas etotheot her,ands oon.Researchersusedt he
phenome nol
ogicalapproachofthequal i
tati
v eme t
hods.

Phenomenologyi sdefi
ne dasas ciencewhosepurposeistodes c
ribepart
icul
ar
phenome naortheappe aranceoft hings,asliv
edexper
iences.BurnsandGr oveals
os t
ate
thatthepurposeofphe nome nologicalrese
ar c
histodesc
ribeandc apturetheexperi
ences
astheyareliv
ed.Iti
st hisli
vedex periencethatgi
vesmeaningt oeachindivi
dual’
s
percept
ionofapar t
icularphenome nonandi sinf
luenc
edbye ver
ythi
ngi nter
naland
exter
naltotheindivi
dual .

Par
tic
ipant
sofs
tudy

Choosingthepartic
ipantsforthestudyshouldbebasedontheirexpe
r i
encesand
abili
tyt
odowor k.Aakerexplai
nedt hati
nterv
iewisthemos tfr
equentusedme thodto
coll
ectprimarydatabecauseitise
as ie
rtogetcurrenti
nformati
onandi mme di
ate
feedbacks.Withouttheint
ervie
w,i twouldhavebe endi
ffi
cultt
oobtainimportantfact
s
forthestudy.

F ort
hisst
udy,werese
archer
sselectf
ive(5)par
tic
ipantsac c
ordi
ngt ot
hepurposeand
thestat
ementoftheprobl
em ofthestudy.Qual
it
ativeresearchmethodwassel
ectedas
anappropri
atemethodtocol
lecttheneededpri
mar ydata.Primarydat
aref
ersto
infor
mat i
onobt ai
nedfir
s t
-handbyther
esearche
ront hevar
iabl
esofint
eres
tfort
he
speci
ficpurposeofthestudy.Thepri
marydataofthi
srese
archisdonebysoci
almedi
a
platf
ormi nter
viewwithi
nt hesele
cte
dparti
ci
pants.

Thesele
cti
onofthisf
iveparti
cipantsisbasedonlyonhowt he
ycansatisf
ythegive
n
quali
fi
cati
ons
:he/shemus tbewi l
lingtosharehis/
herli
vedexpe
rie
nc e
sononl i
nesell
ing
inthi
stimeofpandemic;he/shemus tbeatt heageof18orup;he/shemus tbean
onli
nesell
erwhostart
edthebus inessduri
ngt hepandemic
;andhe/shemus tbesel
li
ng
withi
ntheareaofLambunao,I l
oiloonly.

Set
tingoft
heSt
udy

Thisstudywi llbeconduc te
dwi thintheareaofL ambunao,I l
oil
o.Wewi l
lcol
lec
t
andgat herinformat i
onf r
om ther esponde ntwhol ivesi
nL ambunaot ofurther
invest
igatethel i
vede xperi
enc
e sofonl ines e
lle
rs.Themuni cipali
tyofLambunao,isa1st
clas
smuni c
ipalit
yint heprovi
nc eofI l
oilo,Phil
ippines.I
tislocatedatnort
he rnpart
sof
Iloi
losurrounde dbyt hemunicipalit
yofCal i
nogi nthenorth,muni ci
pali
tyofPototanin
thewe st,provinceofAnt i
queint hee astandmuni ci
pali
tyofJ ani
uayinthes out
h.
Lambunaoi sthelargestmunicipalit
yi nIloil
oint ermsoflandar eaandis47ki l
ome t
ers
from Il
oiloCity.Accordingtocensus( 2015)t hepopulationofL ambunaowas73,640and
ithas73bar angay '
s.

Pr
ocedur
eoft
hes
tudy

TheProc
e dureofthi
sRe s
earchStudyisli
nke dtoaphenomenologic
alme t
hodas s
oci
ates
toit
sres
e arc
hde s
ign.Thus,t
here s
earcherspre
sentei
ghtphase
st hatel
aboratest
heflow
tobefol
lowe dal
lthroughoutthestudy.Theprocedur
eisbesti
llust
rat
edinF i
gure1.
 Fi
gur
e1;I
ll
ust
rat
ionoft
hepr
ocedur
eoft
hes
tudy

There
searcherspr
eparedthefoll
owingphases,res
pecti
vely:thepreparati
onphas e;
assuri
ngthephe nomenologi
calapproac
hoft herese
archque s
tion;bracketi
ng;
recrui
tmentoftheparti
cipants
;dataanaly
sisandinter
pretati
on;vali
dationoft heres
ult
foraccur
acy,and;fi
naledit
ingoftheoutput.Fi
gure1:Il
lustr
ationofthepr ocedureofthe
study

Phas
eI:Pr
epar
ati
onPhas
e

Ther esearchs tudywass t

ar tedfrom t hemont hofApr il
,2021,i nac cordanc eto
thene wl earningmodal it
yoft hes chooly ear,modul arle arning.Thisphas eisal labout
thene gotiati
onwi thther esearcht eam.I tbe ginswi tht hef ormul ationoft here search
ti
tlef oll
owi ngt hewayt her esearcht opichasbe ende cide dalongwi t hi t
spur pos eand
ther e
sear chque sti
onst hatne edt obeaddr es sed.Me anwhi le,rel
ate ds tudiesar e
gat heredt osuppor tt hev al
idit
yandr el
e vanc yoft hes t
udyt oprov et hats uchhasagood
groundi nwhi chthes tudyi sdisplayed.St andar d,criteria,aswe llast hee thicalbe hav i
our
oft hes tudyaswe l
l.Mor eover,thes e
lectedpl ani ncar ryingoutt hes tudys uchasi ts
me thodologyandr e searchde signhasbe enc onc l
ude d.Inaddi t
iont o,apar toft he
pre parationphas ewi l
lbef orther esearcher sunde r
st andi ngthephi los ophicalpe rspecti
ve
be hindt heappr oac h,e spe c
iall
yt hec onc eptofs tudyinghowpe oplee x periencea
phe nome non.L astly,thephas ewi llbef ort hes e eki
ngofr ecomme ndat ionsandappr oval
from t her esearchadv ise rforthebe tterut i
lizationf ort hes tudy.
 Phas
eII
:As
sur
ingt
hePhenomenol
ogi
calAppr
oac
hoft
heRes
ear
chQues
tions

Ri
ghtaf
tertheprepar
ati
onofev
ery
thing,t
heres
ear
chersonc
eagaine
nsuret
hat
theres
ear
chquest
ionsar
ede t
ermine
dinacc
ordancet
otheres
earchdec
isi
onwhic
histhe
phenomenol
ogy
.

Phas
eII
I:Br
acket
ing

Be f
orewefindfortheparti
ci
pantsthere
searcher
sputthemsel
vesinaproces
s
c
alle
dbr acket
ingwheretheirownexperi
ence,bi
ases
,preconce
ive
dnotionsares
etasi
de
i
nor de
rt ounders
tandhowt hephenome nonappearstothekeyi
nfor
mant s
,ins
teadhow
i
tispercei
vedbytheresear
che r
s.

Phas
eIV:Rec
rui
tmentoft
hePar
tic
ipant
s

Thepurposerecruit
me ntofthepartici
pantswhohade xperi
enceofonlinesell
ing
withtheconceptofphenome nonofi nt
erestcome saft
erthebracketingwheres peci
fi
c
cri
ter
iaands t
andardsareappliedinchoosing.Thisphasei
ncludestheonli
nei ntervi
ew
andaskingforpermissi
onfrom theinit
ialkeyinformantsfr
om whi chwhe nthent he
fi
nalparti
ci
pantswillbeidenti
fi
e dal
ongwi ththedi s
tri
buti
onofi nformedcons ent
.

Sour
cesofDat
aandDat
aGat
her
ingPr
ocedur
e

Thi
squali
tat
ivestudyconducte
dbywer e
searc
hersi
sdonethroughthepr
imary
s
ourceofdatainordertoincr
easevali
dit
y.Weconducte
danonli
neinterv
iewtoour
r
espondentsus
ingsocialmedi
apl at
form whi
chi
sourprimar
ysourceofdata.

Onl
ineI
nter
view

Anonli
neinte r
viewisanonl i
ner e
searchme thodc onductedus i
ngc omputer-
me diatedc
ommuni c
ation(CMC) ,suc hasinstantme ss
aging,email,orv i
deo.Online
intervi
ewsrequir
edi ff
erentethicalconsi
de r
ations,samplingandr apportthanpracti
ces
foundi ntr
adit
ionalface-t
o-face( F2F)i
ntervi
e ws.Onlineinter
viewsar eseparat
edinto
synchronousonli
nei nter
views,fore xampleviaonl i
nec hatwhichhappe nin‘realti
me ’
onlineandasynchronousonl i
nei ntervi
ews,fore xamplev i
aemailc onductedinnon-real
time .

Onli
nei nt
erv
iews,l
ikeoffl
inei
nte
rv i
ews,t
ypi
call
yaskr e
spondentst
oexpl
ain
whattheythinkorhowt heyfe
elaboutaspectoft
hei
rsocialworld.I
nter
vie
wsare
es
pecial
lyusefulf
orunderst
andingtheme ani
ngspar
tic
ipantsassi
gntothei
rac
tiv
iti
es;
t
heirperspe
ctives
,motiv
es,ande x
peri
ences.

Inonli
neinter
views,dat
aispri
mar i
lygener
atedt
hroughconvers
ati
onsbetweena
r
esearcherand“res
ponde nt”
.Wer e
sear
che r
ss e
ekoutadeli
berat
e(or“non-
random”)
s
ele
c t
ionofr e
spondents
,r e
crui
ti
ngindi
vidualswhocanprovi
deinsi
ghtonaparti
cul
ar
phe
nome
non,s
ituat
ion,orpr
act
ice
.

Wer esear
che rconsi
deredtaki
ngappropri
atest
epstoprotec
thumans ubjec
ts.We
aske
dconsentt
opr ovidesuff
ici
entinf
ormati
ont oapotent
ialpar
tic
ipant,i
nalanguage
whicheas
il
yunderstoodbyhi m/her,s
othathe/shecanmaket hevolunt
arydeci
si
on
re
gardi
ng“to”or“nott o”part
ici
patei
ntheresearc
hstudy.

Dat
aAnal
ysi
s

Thisstudyempl oyednarrat
iveanalysi
sornarrativeinquir
yc onductedt hr
ough
onli
neinterview.Narrati
veAnalysi
sorNar rati
veinqui
ryi saqualit
ativere
s earch
approachwhe rebyther e
searc
heranalysesthestori
espe oplecre
ate,engagingi nan
inqui
ryofas ki
ngagi v
e nquesti
onoft henar r
ati
ve'texts
'f oragivenpurpose .Thi
s
approachcanhe lpustounde rs
tandhowpe oplearerepresenti
ngthe msel
ve s,orthe
ir
experi
ences,tothemse l
vesandtoothe r
s.Itcomesunde rtheumbr ellaofsocial
constr
ucti
oni s
m.

Researchersusenarr at
iveanalysi
stounde rst
andhowr esearchpartici
pants
const
r uctstor
yandnar r
at i
vefrom theirownpe rsonale x
pe ri
enc e.Thatme anstherei sa
duallayerofint er
pretat
ioni nnar r
ativ
eanalysis.Firstther es
e arc
hpar ti
cipantsinte
r pret
thei
rownl ive
st hroughnar rat
ive.Thenther e
s earcherinte r
pre t
st heconstruc
tionoft hat
narr
at ive
.Nar r
at i
veresearchercoll
ectsstor
ies,doc ume nts,andt helivedandt old
exper
ie nceofani ndivi
dual.The yrecordthestoriesus i
ngonl ineint er
views,reportthe
exper
ie ncesandc hronological
lyordertheme ani ngoft hosee xperiences
.

Quali
tati
vecodingisapr
ocessofsy
stemati
cal
lycat
egori
zi
ngexce
r ptsinyour
qual
itat
ivedatainordertofi
ndthemesandpatter
ns.Ther
earemanyme t hodsforc
odi
ng
narr
ativ
edata.Thisstudyuse
sdesc
ript
ivecodi
ng.I
tsummar i
zesthet
opicoft hedat
um.

Basedont here sult

stakenf rom theinterv
iewonli
nes el
ler
shav edif
ferent
experi
encesinonlinese l
li
ng.Thepande michelpedthemtode vel
opne ws kil
lsand
st
rategi
estoc onductonl i
nesell
ingwi thnot hreatofsc
am.E-businessmake sasafeand
hass
le-f
reeli
fet oonli
nes elle
rsandbuy ersbutatthesamet i
met heycanbeav i
cti
m ofa
bogusbuyersors el
ler
s .Butevent hought heyfacedthi
sproblemtheyc onti
nuet o
sel
l/buyasthee ss
entialgoodsar einde mand.

Thedat
aanalys
ispr
ese
nte
daboveiscol
lec
tedf
rom t
hepri
marysourcet
hatar
e
anal
yse
dwi thref
ere
ncetoeac
hoftheadj
ect
ive
s,whic
hisanonl
inei
nte
r v
iew.

Ref
erenc
es
Ne gash,
S.D.,
Fura,D.L.
(21Sept2020) .
AStudyontheL i
vingExperi
encesofPe opleduri
ng
theCOVI D-19Pande mi c
:TheCas eofWol i
ssoTownHome -
StayedUnivers
ity
Students.
Re t
rievedfrom https
://www. l
ondom.org/
ope n-
acces
s/a-s
tudy-on- t
he-l
ivi
ng-
expe r
ienc
e s-
of-people-
during-t
he-covi
d19-pandemic-
the-c
ase-of
-wolis
so-town-
home stayed-univ
e r
sit
y-s.
pdf

Iv
anov ,
D.(
2012).Theimpac
tofe-commerceonsmal
lsi
zecompani
es.Kari
stadBus
ines
s
School.
Retr
ievedfrom
https
://dr
ive.
google.
com/f
il
e/d/
11ipopH5MGdE3Lz
OalKqWgWSVL XxE0_i
/ v
iew?
usp=dr
i
vesdk

Ni
jhawan,L
.,J
anodia,
M.,Musmade,P.I
nformedcons
ent
:I
ssue
sandc
hal
lenge
s-Wol
ter
s
Kl
uwe r
—Me dknowPubl ic
ati
on.Ret
rie
vedfrom
ht
tps:
//en.
m.wikipedi
a.org/
wiki/
Online_i
nte
rvi
ew

Onli
neint
erv
iew.(
2020).
Retri
vedfr
om
ht
tps:
//www.ncbi
.nl
m.nih.
gov/pmc/ar
tic
les
/PMC3777303/