definition

SETTLEMENT PREDICTION DUE TO BORED TUNNELLING

(Two Tunnels)

Location: Outram Park, V=2.0

Soil Formation: S2/S4
Original Ground Level

y
z

zo

D D

References:
CIRIA Report 30 (1996) Prediction and effects of ground movements caused by tunnelling in soft ground
beneath urban areas. CIRIA.
Mair, R. J., Taylor, R. N. & Bracegirdle, A. (1993) subsurface settlement profiles above tunnels in clays,
Geotechnique 43, No. 2, pp315-320
O'reilly, M.P. and New, B.M. (1983) Settlements above tunnels in the United Kingdom, their magnitude
and prediction. Proc. Tunnelling '82
Peck, R. B. (1969) Deep excavations and tunnelling in soft ground. Proc.
7th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engng, Mexico City, Vol. 1

Notation
Symbols Description
z depth below the surface where the sub-surface settlement is calculated
D excavated tunnel diameter
H horizontal displacement
i settlement trough parameter
K constant (as in i = Kzo)
L distance between two tunnels
r tunnel excavated radius
V percentage volume loss per meter in tunnel or volume of trough
w vertical settlement
wmax maximum initial surface settlement
y transverse distance from centre line of the two tunnels
zo depth to tunnel axis

e horizontal strain
r curvature

1 of 14
 surface settlement calculation

Location: Outram Park, V=2.0

1. ALIGNMENT DESIGN

Nominal Diameter of Tunnel Dn = 5.60 m

Construction Allowance DD = 100.00 mm
Thickness of Lining t= 275.00 mm
Existing Ground Level: RL 103.50
Track Level: RL 76.63
Track Level to Invert of Tunnel d= 1045.00 mm
Distance Between Two Tunnels L= 15.00 m

2. TUNNEL GEOMETRY
Excavated Diameter of Tunnel D= 6.35 m 6 m
Excavated Radius of Tunnel r= 3.18 m
Depth to Tunnel Axis zo = 25.02 m
Cover to Crown of Tunnel C= 21.85 m

3. SETTLEMENT TROUGH PARAMETERS

Percentage Volume Loss V = 2.00 Vs = 0.633384349 m3

Constant K = 0.50 i2 = 156.5001 m2
i = Kzo i3 = 1957.816251 m3
= 12.51 m 2i2 = 313.0002 m2
SQRT(2p)*i3 = 4907.517571 m3
4. SETTLEMENT PREDICTION Vs/SQRT(2p)*i3 = 0.000129064
The cross-sectional shape of the settlement trough is assumed to correspond approximately to an
inverted normal Gaussian distribution form, as proposed by Peck (1969). The horizontal
displacement and strains are assumed to occur radially towards the tunnel axis, as proposed by
by O'Reilly and New (1983). The effects of the two tunnels are superimposed to obtain the
settlement at any point.

Maximum settlement (single tunnel) wmax = 0.0125Vr2/i

= 20.20 mm

Settlement at any point y is calculated as:

w = wmax exp[-yL2/(2i2)] + wmax exp[-yR2/(2i2)]

where

y is the distance of the the point to the centre line of the two tunnels (L/2).
yL is distance of the point to the axis of the left tunnel.
yR is distance of the point to the axis of the right tunnel.

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 surface-settlement

Location: Outram Park, V=2.0

y (m) w (mm) yL (m) yR (m) wL (mm) wR (mm) ehL (%) ehR (%) eh (%)
0.000 -33.752 7.500 -7.500 16.876 16.876 0.04 0.04 0.09
0.750 -33.713 8.250 -6.750 16.251 17.462 0.04 0.05 0.09
1.500 -33.597 9.000 -6.000 15.593 18.004 0.03 0.06 0.09
2.250 -33.404 9.750 -5.250 14.908 18.496 0.02 0.06 0.08
3.000 -33.135 10.500 -4.500 14.202 18.933 0.02 0.07 0.08
3.750 -32.792 11.250 -3.750 13.481 19.311 0.01 0.07 0.08
4.500 -32.376 12.000 -3.000 12.750 19.626 0.00 0.07 0.08
5.250 -31.891 12.750 -2.250 12.016 19.874 0.00 0.08 0.08
6.000 -31.337 13.500 -1.500 11.284 20.054 -0.01 0.08 0.07
6.750 -30.720 14.250 -0.750 10.558 20.162 -0.01 0.08 0.07
7.500 -30.042 15.000 0.000 9.843 20.199 -0.02 0.08 0.06
8.250 -29.306 15.750 0.750 9.144 20.162 -0.02 0.08 0.06
9.000 -28.518 16.500 1.500 8.464 20.054 -0.03 0.08 0.05
9.750 -27.681 17.250 2.250 7.806 19.874 -0.03 0.08 0.05
10.500 -26.800 18.000 3.000 7.174 19.626 -0.03 0.07 0.04
11.250 -25.880 18.750 3.750 6.569 19.311 -0.03 0.07 0.04
12.000 -24.927 19.500 4.500 5.994 18.933 -0.03 0.07 0.03
12.750 -23.945 20.250 5.250 5.449 18.496 -0.04 0.06 0.03
13.500 -22.941 21.000 6.000 4.937 18.004 -0.04 0.06 0.02
14.250 -21.918 21.750 6.750 4.456 17.462 -0.04 0.05 0.01
15.000 -20.884 22.500 7.500 4.008 16.876 -0.04 0.04 0.01
15.750 -19.843 23.250 8.250 3.592 16.251 -0.04 0.04 0.00
16.500 -18.800 24.000 9.000 3.207 15.593 -0.03 0.03 0.00
17.250 -17.761 24.750 9.750 2.853 14.908 -0.03 0.02 -0.01
18.000 -16.732 25.500 10.500 2.530 14.202 -0.03 0.02 -0.02
18.750 -15.715 26.250 11.250 2.235 13.481 -0.03 0.01 -0.02
19.500 -14.717 27.000 12.000 1.967 12.750 -0.03 0.00 -0.02
20.250 -13.741 27.750 12.750 1.725 12.016 -0.03 0.00 -0.03
21.000 -12.791 28.500 13.500 1.508 11.284 -0.03 -0.01 -0.03
21.750 -11.870 29.250 14.250 1.313 10.558 -0.02 -0.01 -0.04
22.500 -10.982 30.000 15.000 1.139 9.843 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04
23.250 -10.129 30.750 15.750 0.985 9.144 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04
24.000 -9.312 31.500 16.500 0.848 8.464 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04
24.750 -8.534 32.250 17.250 0.728 7.806 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04
25.500 -7.797 33.000 18.000 0.623 7.174 -0.01 -0.03 -0.05
26.250 -7.100 33.750 18.750 0.531 6.569 -0.01 -0.03 -0.05
27.000 -6.445 34.500 19.500 0.451 5.994 -0.01 -0.03 -0.05
27.750 -5.831 35.250 20.250 0.381 5.449 -0.01 -0.04 -0.05
28.500 -5.258 36.000 21.000 0.321 4.937 -0.01 -0.04 -0.05
29.250 -4.726 36.750 21.750 0.270 4.456 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04
30.000 -4.234 37.500 22.500 0.226 4.008 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04
31.500 -3.364 39.000 24.000 0.157 3.207 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04
33.000 -2.637 40.500 25.500 0.107 2.530 0.00 -0.03 -0.04
36.000 -1.556 43.500 28.500 0.048 1.508 0.00 -0.03 -0.03
39.000 -0.868 46.500 31.500 0.020 0.848 0.00 -0.02 -0.02
42.000 -0.459 49.500 34.500 0.008 0.451 0.00 -0.01 -0.01
45.000 -0.229 52.500 37.500 0.003 0.226 0.00 -0.01 -0.01
48.000 -0.108 55.500 40.500 0.001 0.107 0.00 0.00 0.00
51.000 -0.048 58.500 43.500 0.000 0.048 0.00 0.00 0.00
54.000 -0.020 61.500 46.500 0.000 0.020 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 of 14
 surface-settlement

Location: Outram Park, V=2.0

Slope Curvature (1/m)
y (m) Slope Slope (L) Slope (R) y (m) Curvature (1/m) Left Right
0.000 0.00E+00 -8.09E-04 8.09E-04 0.000 -1.38E-04 -6.91E-05 -6.91E-05
0.750 -1.04E-04 -8.57E-04 7.53E-04 0.750 -1.38E-04 -5.87E-05 -7.91E-05
1.500 -2.06E-04 -8.97E-04 6.90E-04 1.500 -1.37E-04 -4.81E-05 -8.86E-05
2.250 -3.08E-04 -9.29E-04 6.20E-04 2.250 -1.35E-04 -3.74E-05 -9.74E-05
3.000 -4.08E-04 -9.53E-04 5.44E-04 3.000 -1.32E-04 -2.68E-05 -1.05E-04
3.750 -5.06E-04 -9.69E-04 4.63E-04 3.750 -1.29E-04 -1.65E-05 -1.12E-04
4.500 -6.01E-04 -9.78E-04 3.76E-04 4.500 -1.25E-04 -6.51E-06 -1.18E-04
5.250 -6.93E-04 -9.79E-04 2.86E-04 5.250 -1.20E-04 2.97E-06 -1.23E-04
6.000 -7.81E-04 -9.73E-04 1.92E-04 6.000 -1.14E-04 1.19E-05 -1.26E-04
6.750 -8.65E-04 -9.61E-04 9.66E-05 6.750 -1.08E-04 2.01E-05 -1.28E-04
7.500 -9.43E-04 -9.43E-04 -0.00E+00 7.500 -1.02E-04 2.75E-05 -1.29E-04
8.250 -1.02E-03 -9.20E-04 -9.66E-05 8.250 -9.42E-05 3.42E-05 -1.28E-04
9.000 -1.08E-03 -8.92E-04 -1.92E-04 9.000 -8.63E-05 4.00E-05 -1.26E-04
9.750 -1.15E-03 -8.60E-04 -2.86E-04 9.750 -7.79E-05 4.50E-05 -1.23E-04
10.500 -1.20E-03 -8.25E-04 -3.76E-04 10.500 -6.91E-05 4.91E-05 -1.18E-04
11.250 -1.25E-03 -7.87E-04 -4.63E-04 11.250 -6.00E-05 5.23E-05 -1.12E-04
12.000 -1.29E-03 -7.47E-04 -5.44E-04 12.000 -5.06E-05 5.48E-05 -1.05E-04
12.750 -1.33E-03 -7.05E-04 -6.20E-04 12.750 -4.10E-05 5.64E-05 -9.74E-05
13.500 -1.35E-03 -6.62E-04 -6.90E-04 13.500 -3.12E-05 5.73E-05 -8.86E-05
14.250 -1.37E-03 -6.19E-04 -7.53E-04 14.250 -2.15E-05 5.76E-05 -7.91E-05
15.000 -1.38E-03 -5.76E-04 -8.09E-04 15.000 -1.18E-05 5.72E-05 -6.91E-05
15.750 -1.39E-03 -5.34E-04 -8.57E-04 15.750 -2.36E-06 5.63E-05 -5.87E-05
16.500 -1.39E-03 -4.92E-04 -8.97E-04 16.500 6.86E-06 5.49E-05 -4.81E-05
17.250 -1.38E-03 -4.51E-04 -9.29E-04 17.250 1.57E-05 5.31E-05 -3.74E-05
18.000 -1.37E-03 -4.12E-04 -9.53E-04 18.000 2.42E-05 5.10E-05 -2.68E-05
18.750 -1.34E-03 -3.75E-04 -9.69E-04 18.750 3.21E-05 4.86E-05 -1.65E-05
19.500 -1.32E-03 -3.39E-04 -9.78E-04 19.500 3.95E-05 4.60E-05 -6.51E-06
20.250 -1.28E-03 -3.06E-04 -9.79E-04 20.250 4.62E-05 4.32E-05 2.97E-06
21.000 -1.25E-03 -2.75E-04 -9.73E-04 21.000 5.22E-05 4.04E-05 1.19E-05
21.750 -1.21E-03 -2.45E-04 -9.61E-04 21.750 5.75E-05 3.75E-05 2.01E-05
22.500 -1.16E-03 -2.18E-04 -9.43E-04 22.500 6.21E-05 3.46E-05 2.75E-05
23.250 -1.11E-03 -1.93E-04 -9.20E-04 23.250 6.59E-05 3.17E-05 3.42E-05
24.000 -1.06E-03 -1.71E-04 -8.92E-04 24.000 6.89E-05 2.89E-05 4.00E-05
24.750 -1.01E-03 -1.50E-04 -8.60E-04 24.750 7.12E-05 2.63E-05 4.50E-05
25.500 -9.56E-04 -1.31E-04 -8.25E-04 25.500 7.28E-05 2.37E-05 4.91E-05
26.250 -9.02E-04 -1.14E-04 -7.87E-04 26.250 7.36E-05 2.13E-05 5.23E-05
27.000 -8.46E-04 -9.93E-05 -7.47E-04 27.000 7.38E-05 1.90E-05 5.48E-05
27.750 -7.91E-04 -8.59E-05 -7.05E-04 27.750 7.33E-05 1.69E-05 5.64E-05
28.500 -7.36E-04 -7.39E-05 -6.62E-04 28.500 7.23E-05 1.50E-05 5.73E-05
29.250 -6.83E-04 -6.34E-05 -6.19E-04 29.250 7.08E-05 1.32E-05 5.76E-05
30.000 -6.30E-04 -5.42E-05 -5.76E-04 30.000 6.88E-05 1.15E-05 5.72E-05
31.500 -5.31E-04 -3.90E-05 -4.92E-04 31.500 6.37E-05 8.73E-06 5.49E-05
33.000 -4.40E-04 -2.77E-05 -4.12E-04 33.000 5.75E-05 6.48E-06 5.10E-05
36.000 -2.88E-04 -1.33E-05 -2.75E-04 36.000 4.38E-05 3.39E-06 4.04E-05
39.000 -1.77E-04 -6.00E-06 -1.71E-04 39.000 3.06E-05 1.65E-06 2.89E-05
42.000 -1.02E-04 -2.54E-06 -9.93E-05 42.000 1.98E-05 7.53E-07 1.90E-05
45.000 -5.52E-05 -1.02E-06 -5.42E-05 45.000 1.19E-05 3.21E-07 1.15E-05
48.000 -2.81E-05 -3.81E-07 -2.77E-05 48.000 6.61E-06 1.28E-07 6.48E-06
51.000 -1.34E-05 -1.35E-07 -1.33E-05 51.000 3.44E-06 4.81E-08 3.39E-06
54.000 -6.04E-06 -4.48E-08 -6.00E-06 54.000 1.67E-06 1.69E-08 1.65E-06

4 of 14
 surface-trough

Location: Outram Park, V=2.0

Settlem ent w (mm )

Distance from Centre Line of Two Tunnels (m)

0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
Settlement Trough

Distance from Centre Line of Two Tunnels (m)

0.00E+00
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00
Slope (%)

-2.00E-04

-4.00E-04

-6.00E-04

-8.00E-04

-1.00E-03

-1.20E-03

-1.40E-03

-1.60E-03
Slope Curve
Curvture (1/m)

1.00E-04

5.00E-05

0.00E+00
0.00 10.00 Distance
20.00 from30.00
Centre Line 40.00
of Two Tunnels
50.00(m) 60.00
-5.00E-05

-1.00E-04

-1.50E-04
Curvature of Trough

5 of 14
 surface-trough

s (m)

(m)

60.00

) 60.00

6 of 14
 sub-surface settlement

Location: Outram Park, V=2.0 Invert

1. SETTLEMENT TROUGH PARAMETERS FOR SUBSURFACE SETTLEMENT

Depth to Tunnel axis zo = 25.02 m

Depth z from surface z= 14.2 m
zo - z = 10.82 m
z/zo = 0.5675
Percentage Volume Loss V= 2.00 %
Constant K= (0.175 +0.325*(1-z/zo))/(1-z/zo)
= 0.73
i = K(zo - z)
= 7.90 m

2. SETTLEMENT PREDICTION

Volume loss per metre Vs = V*pD2/4

= 0.633384 m3

Maximum settlement (single tunnel) wmax = Vs/sqrt(2p)*i

= 32.01 mm

Settlement at any point y is calculated as:

w = wmax exp[-yL2/(2i2)] + wmax exp[-yR2/(2i2)]

Distance from Centre of Two Tunnels (mm)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
Settlement (mm)

0.0

-5.0

-10.0

-15.0

-20.0

-25.0

-30.0

-35.0

-40.0

-45.0
Sub-Surface Settlement Trough

7 of 14
 sub-surface settlement

nels (mm)

5.0 50.0

8 of 14
 subsurface calculation

Loaction: Outram Park, V=2.0 Invert

Maximum settlement (single tunnel) wmax = 32.01 mm Vs = 0.633384 2i2 = 124.6621

i = 7.90 m i2 = 62.33103 SQRT(2p)*i3 = 1233.52

Distance Between Two Tunnels L= 15.00 m i3 = 492.1034 Vs/SQRT(2p)*i3 = 0.000513

y (m) w (mm) yL (m) yR (m) wL (mm) wR (mm) ehL (%) ehR (%) eh (%)
0.000 -40.766 7.500 -7.500 20.383 20.383 1.84E-02 1.84E-02 3.68E-02
0.395 -40.761 7.895 -7.105 19.413 21.348 1.14E-05 3.75E-02 3.75E-02
0.790 -40.745 8.290 -6.711 18.443 22.302 -1.75E-02 5.72E-02 3.97E-02
1.184 -40.719 8.684 -6.316 17.478 23.241 -3.39E-02 7.73E-02 4.34E-02
1.579 -40.682 9.079 -5.921 16.522 24.160 -4.92E-02 9.77E-02 4.85E-02
1.974 -40.631 9.474 -5.526 15.579 25.051 -6.33E-02 1.18E-01 5.47E-02
2.369 -40.565 9.869 -5.132 14.654 25.911 -7.62E-02 1.38E-01 6.21E-02
2.763 -40.483 10.263 -4.737 13.749 26.734 -8.77E-02 1.58E-01 7.05E-02
3.158 -40.381 10.658 -4.342 12.867 27.513 -9.78E-02 1.77E-01 7.96E-02
3.553 -40.258 11.053 -3.947 12.013 28.245 -1.07E-01 1.96E-01 8.92E-02
3.948 -40.111 11.448 -3.553 11.186 28.924 -1.14E-01 2.13E-01 9.92E-02
4.342 -39.936 11.842 -3.158 10.391 29.545 -1.20E-01 2.29E-01 1.09E-01
4.737 -39.733 12.237 -2.763 9.628 30.104 -1.25E-01 2.44E-01 1.19E-01
5.132 -39.497 12.632 -2.368 8.899 30.598 -1.28E-01 2.57E-01 1.29E-01
5.527 -39.226 13.027 -1.974 8.205 31.021 -1.31E-01 2.69E-01 1.38E-01
5.921 -38.918 13.421 -1.579 7.546 31.372 -1.32E-01 2.78E-01 1.47E-01
6.316 -38.570 13.816 -1.184 6.922 31.648 -1.32E-01 2.86E-01 1.54E-01
6.711 -38.180 14.211 -0.789 6.334 31.846 -1.31E-01 2.91E-01 1.60E-01
7.106 -37.747 14.606 -0.394 5.782 31.966 -1.29E-01 2.95E-01 1.65E-01
7.500 -37.270 15.000 0.000 5.264 32.006 -1.27E-01 2.96E-01 1.69E-01
7.895 -36.747 15.395 0.395 4.781 31.966 -1.24E-01 2.95E-01 1.71E-01
8.290 -36.178 15.790 0.790 4.332 31.846 -1.20E-01 2.91E-01 1.71E-01
8.685 -35.562 16.185 1.185 3.915 31.647 -1.16E-01 2.86E-01 1.70E-01
9.079 -34.900 16.579 1.579 3.529 31.372 -1.11E-01 2.78E-01 1.67E-01
9.474 -34.194 16.974 1.974 3.173 31.021 -1.06E-01 2.69E-01 1.63E-01
9.869 -33.443 17.369 2.369 2.846 30.597 -1.01E-01 2.57E-01 1.56E-01
10.264 -32.650 17.764 2.764 2.547 30.104 -9.56E-02 2.44E-01 1.49E-01
10.658 -31.817 18.158 3.158 2.273 29.544 -9.01E-02 2.29E-01 1.39E-01
11.053 -30.947 18.553 3.553 2.023 28.923 -8.46E-02 2.13E-01 1.29E-01
11.448 -30.041 18.948 3.948 1.797 28.244 -7.90E-02 1.96E-01 1.17E-01
11.843 -29.104 19.343 4.343 1.592 27.513 -7.36E-02 1.77E-01 1.04E-01
12.237 -28.139 19.737 4.737 1.406 26.733 -6.82E-02 1.58E-01 8.99E-02
12.632 -27.150 20.132 5.132 1.240 25.910 -6.30E-02 1.38E-01 7.52E-02
13.027 -26.140 20.527 5.527 1.090 25.050 -5.80E-02 1.18E-01 6.01E-02
13.422 -25.114 20.922 5.922 0.956 24.158 -5.32E-02 9.77E-02 4.45E-02
13.816 -24.076 21.316 6.316 0.836 23.240 -4.86E-02 7.73E-02 2.87E-02
14.211 -23.031 21.711 6.711 0.730 22.301 -4.43E-02 5.72E-02 1.29E-02
14.606 -21.981 22.106 7.106 0.635 21.346 -4.01E-02 3.75E-02 -2.67E-03
15.001 -20.933 22.501 7.501 0.551 20.382 -3.63E-02 1.84E-02 -1.79E-02
15.395 -19.889 22.895 7.895 0.478 19.412 -3.27E-02 -1.14E-05 -3.27E-02
15.790 -18.855 23.290 8.290 0.413 18.442 -2.94E-02 -1.75E-02 -4.69E-02
16.185 -17.832 23.685 8.685 0.356 17.477 -2.63E-02 -3.39E-02 -6.02E-02
16.580 -16.827 24.080 9.080 0.306 16.521 -2.35E-02 -4.93E-02 -7.27E-02
16.974 -15.840 24.474 9.474 0.262 15.578 -2.09E-02 -6.34E-02 -8.42E-02
17.369 -14.877 24.869 9.869 0.224 14.653 -1.85E-02 -7.62E-02 -9.47E-02
17.764 -13.939 25.264 10.264 0.191 13.748 -1.63E-02 -8.77E-02 -1.04E-01
18.159 -13.029 25.659 10.659 0.163 12.866 -1.44E-02 -9.78E-02 -1.12E-01
18.553 -12.150 26.053 11.053 0.138 12.012 -1.26E-02 -1.07E-01 -1.19E-01
18.948 -11.302 26.448 11.448 0.117 11.185 -1.11E-02 -1.14E-01 -1.25E-01

9 of 14
 subsurface calculation

19.343 -10.489 26.843 11.843 0.099 10.390 -9.65E-03 -1.20E-01 -1.30E-01

19.738 -9.711 27.238 12.238 0.083 9.627 -8.39E-03 -1.25E-01 -1.33E-01
20.132 -8.968 27.632 12.632 0.070 8.898 -7.28E-03 -1.28E-01 -1.36E-01
20.527 -8.263 28.027 13.027 0.059 8.204 -6.29E-03 -1.31E-01 -1.37E-01
20.922 -7.594 28.422 13.422 0.049 7.545 -5.43E-03 -1.32E-01 -1.37E-01
21.317 -6.962 28.817 13.817 0.041 6.921 -4.66E-03 -1.32E-01 -1.37E-01
21.711 -6.368 29.211 14.211 0.034 6.333 -4.00E-03 -1.31E-01 -1.35E-01
22.106 -5.809 29.606 14.606 0.028 5.781 -3.42E-03 -1.29E-01 -1.33E-01
22.501 -5.287 30.001 15.001 0.023 5.264 -2.91E-03 -1.27E-01 -1.30E-01
22.896 -4.800 30.396 15.396 0.019 4.781 -2.47E-03 -1.24E-01 -1.26E-01
23.290 -4.347 30.790 15.790 0.016 4.331 -2.09E-03 -1.20E-01 -1.22E-01
23.685 -3.927 31.185 16.185 0.013 3.914 -1.77E-03 -1.16E-01 -1.18E-01
24.080 -3.539 31.580 16.580 0.011 3.528 -1.49E-03 -1.11E-01 -1.13E-01
24.475 -3.182 31.975 16.975 0.009 3.173 -1.25E-03 -1.06E-01 -1.07E-01
24.869 -2.853 32.369 17.369 0.007 2.846 -1.05E-03 -1.01E-01 -1.02E-01
25.264 -2.552 32.764 17.764 0.006 2.546 -8.74E-04 -9.56E-02 -9.65E-02
25.659 -2.277 33.159 18.159 0.005 2.272 -7.27E-04 -9.01E-02 -9.08E-02
26.054 -2.027 33.554 18.554 0.004 2.023 -6.04E-04 -8.46E-02 -8.52E-02
26.448 -1.800 33.948 18.948 0.003 1.796 -5.00E-04 -7.90E-02 -7.95E-02
26.843 -1.594 34.343 19.343 0.002 1.591 -4.13E-04 -7.36E-02 -7.40E-02
27.238 -1.408 34.738 19.738 0.002 1.406 -3.40E-04 -6.82E-02 -6.86E-02
27.633 -1.241 35.133 20.133 0.002 1.239 -2.79E-04 -6.30E-02 -6.33E-02
28.027 -1.091 35.527 20.527 0.001 1.090 -2.28E-04 -5.80E-02 -5.82E-02
28.422 -0.957 35.922 20.922 0.001 0.956 -1.86E-04 -5.32E-02 -5.34E-02
28.817 -0.837 36.317 21.317 0.001 0.836 -1.52E-04 -4.86E-02 -4.87E-02
29.212 -0.730 36.712 21.712 0.001 0.729 -1.23E-04 -4.42E-02 -4.44E-02
29.606 -0.635 37.106 22.106 0.001 0.635 -9.96E-05 -4.01E-02 -4.02E-02
30.001 -0.552 37.501 22.501 0.000 0.551 -8.04E-05 -3.63E-02 -3.64E-02
30.396 -0.478 37.896 22.896 0.000 0.478 -6.47E-05 -3.27E-02 -3.28E-02
30.791 -0.413 38.291 23.291 0.000 0.413 -5.20E-05 -2.94E-02 -2.94E-02
31.185 -0.356 38.685 23.685 0.000 0.356 -4.16E-05 -2.63E-02 -2.63E-02
31.580 -0.306 39.080 24.080 0.000 0.306 -3.32E-05 -2.35E-02 -2.35E-02
31.975 -0.262 39.475 24.475 0.000 0.262 -2.65E-05 -2.09E-02 -2.09E-02
32.370 -0.224 39.870 24.870 0.000 0.224 -2.10E-05 -1.85E-02 -1.85E-02
32.764 -0.191 40.264 25.264 0.000 0.191 -1.66E-05 -1.63E-02 -1.63E-02
33.159 -0.163 40.659 25.659 0.000 0.163 -1.31E-05 -1.44E-02 -1.44E-02
33.554 -0.138 41.054 26.054 0.000 0.138 -1.04E-05 -1.26E-02 -1.26E-02
33.949 -0.117 41.449 26.449 0.000 0.117 -8.13E-06 -1.11E-02 -1.11E-02
34.343 -0.099 41.843 26.843 0.000 0.099 -6.37E-06 -9.65E-03 -9.65E-03
34.738 -0.083 42.238 27.238 0.000 0.083 -4.98E-06 -8.39E-03 -8.40E-03
35.133 -0.070 42.633 27.633 0.000 0.070 -3.88E-06 -7.28E-03 -7.28E-03
35.528 -0.059 43.028 28.028 0.000 0.059 -3.01E-06 -6.29E-03 -6.30E-03
35.922 -0.049 43.422 28.422 0.000 0.049 -2.34E-06 -5.43E-03 -5.43E-03
36.317 -0.041 43.817 28.817 0.000 0.041 -1.81E-06 -4.66E-03 -4.67E-03
36.712 -0.034 44.212 29.212 0.000 0.034 -1.39E-06 -4.00E-03 -4.00E-03
37.107 -0.028 44.607 29.607 0.000 0.028 -1.07E-06 -3.41E-03 -3.42E-03
37.501 -0.023 45.001 30.001 0.000 0.023 -8.21E-07 -2.91E-03 -2.91E-03
37.896 -0.019 45.396 30.396 0.000 0.019 -6.28E-07 -2.47E-03 -2.47E-03

10 of 14
 subsurface calculation

Location: Outram Park, V=2.0 Invert

y (m) Slope Left Right y (m) Curvature (1/m) Left Right

0.000 0.00E+00 -2.45E-03 2.45E-03 0.000 -6.38E-05 -3.19E-05 -3.19E-05
0.395 -2.54E-05 -2.46E-03 2.43E-03 0.395 -6.51E-05 -1.97E-08 -6.51E-05
0.790 -5.17E-05 -2.45E-03 2.40E-03 0.790 -6.90E-05 3.03E-05 -9.93E-05
1.184 -8.02E-05 -2.44E-03 2.35E-03 1.184 -7.54E-05 5.89E-05 -1.34E-04
1.579 -1.12E-04 -2.41E-03 2.29E-03 1.579 -8.41E-05 8.55E-05 -1.70E-04
1.974 -1.47E-04 -2.37E-03 2.22E-03 1.974 -9.50E-05 1.10E-04 -2.05E-04
2.369 -1.87E-04 -2.32E-03 2.13E-03 2.369 -1.08E-04 1.32E-04 -2.40E-04
2.763 -2.32E-04 -2.26E-03 2.03E-03 2.763 -1.22E-04 1.52E-04 -2.75E-04
3.158 -2.84E-04 -2.20E-03 1.92E-03 3.158 -1.38E-04 1.70E-04 -3.08E-04
3.553 -3.41E-04 -2.13E-03 1.79E-03 3.553 -1.55E-04 1.85E-04 -3.40E-04
3.948 -4.06E-04 -2.05E-03 1.65E-03 3.948 -1.72E-04 1.98E-04 -3.70E-04
4.342 -4.77E-04 -1.97E-03 1.50E-03 4.342 -1.90E-04 2.08E-04 -3.98E-04
4.737 -5.56E-04 -1.89E-03 1.33E-03 4.737 -2.07E-04 2.17E-04 -4.24E-04
5.132 -6.41E-04 -1.80E-03 1.16E-03 5.132 -2.24E-04 2.23E-04 -4.47E-04
5.527 -7.33E-04 -1.71E-03 9.82E-04 5.527 -2.40E-04 2.27E-04 -4.67E-04
5.921 -8.30E-04 -1.62E-03 7.95E-04 5.921 -2.54E-04 2.29E-04 -4.83E-04
6.316 -9.33E-04 -1.53E-03 6.01E-04 6.316 -2.67E-04 2.29E-04 -4.96E-04
6.711 -1.04E-03 -1.44E-03 4.03E-04 6.711 -2.78E-04 2.28E-04 -5.06E-04
7.106 -1.15E-03 -1.35E-03 2.02E-04 7.106 -2.87E-04 2.25E-04 -5.12E-04
7.500 -1.27E-03 -1.27E-03 -1.28E-07 7.500 -2.93E-04 2.20E-04 -5.13E-04
7.895 -1.38E-03 -1.18E-03 -2.03E-04 7.895 -2.97E-04 2.15E-04 -5.12E-04
8.290 -1.50E-03 -1.10E-03 -4.03E-04 8.290 -2.97E-04 2.08E-04 -5.06E-04
8.685 -1.62E-03 -1.02E-03 -6.01E-04 8.685 -2.95E-04 2.01E-04 -4.96E-04
9.079 -1.73E-03 -9.39E-04 -7.95E-04 9.079 -2.90E-04 1.93E-04 -4.83E-04
9.474 -1.85E-03 -8.64E-04 -9.82E-04 9.474 -2.82E-04 1.84E-04 -4.67E-04
9.869 -1.96E-03 -7.93E-04 -1.16E-03 9.869 -2.71E-04 1.75E-04 -4.47E-04
10.264 -2.06E-03 -7.26E-04 -1.33E-03 10.264 -2.58E-04 1.66E-04 -4.24E-04
10.658 -2.16E-03 -6.62E-04 -1.50E-03 10.658 -2.42E-04 1.56E-04 -3.98E-04
11.053 -2.25E-03 -6.02E-04 -1.65E-03 11.053 -2.23E-04 1.47E-04 -3.70E-04
11.448 -2.34E-03 -5.46E-04 -1.79E-03 11.448 -2.03E-04 1.37E-04 -3.40E-04
11.843 -2.41E-03 -4.94E-04 -1.92E-03 11.843 -1.80E-04 1.28E-04 -3.08E-04
12.237 -2.48E-03 -4.45E-04 -2.03E-03 12.237 -1.56E-04 1.18E-04 -2.74E-04
12.632 -2.53E-03 -4.00E-04 -2.13E-03 12.632 -1.31E-04 1.09E-04 -2.40E-04
13.027 -2.58E-03 -3.59E-04 -2.22E-03 13.027 -1.04E-04 1.01E-04 -2.05E-04
13.422 -2.62E-03 -3.21E-04 -2.30E-03 13.422 -7.72E-05 9.23E-05 -1.70E-04
13.816 -2.64E-03 -2.86E-04 -2.36E-03 13.816 -4.98E-05 8.44E-05 -1.34E-04
14.211 -2.66E-03 -2.54E-04 -2.40E-03 14.211 -2.25E-05 7.68E-05 -9.93E-05
14.606 -2.66E-03 -2.25E-04 -2.43E-03 14.606 4.64E-06 6.97E-05 -6.50E-05
15.001 -2.65E-03 -1.99E-04 -2.45E-03 15.001 3.11E-05 6.30E-05 -3.19E-05
15.395 -2.63E-03 -1.75E-04 -2.46E-03 15.395 5.68E-05 5.68E-05 1.97E-08
15.790 -2.61E-03 -1.54E-04 -2.45E-03 15.790 8.13E-05 5.10E-05 3.03E-05
16.185 -2.57E-03 -1.35E-04 -2.44E-03 16.185 1.05E-04 4.56E-05 5.89E-05
16.580 -2.52E-03 -1.18E-04 -2.41E-03 16.580 1.26E-04 4.07E-05 8.55E-05
16.974 -2.47E-03 -1.03E-04 -2.37E-03 16.974 1.46E-04 3.62E-05 1.10E-04
17.369 -2.41E-03 -8.94E-05 -2.32E-03 17.369 1.64E-04 3.21E-05 1.32E-04
17.764 -2.34E-03 -7.75E-05 -2.26E-03 17.764 1.81E-04 2.84E-05 1.52E-04
18.159 -2.27E-03 -6.70E-05 -2.20E-03 18.159 1.95E-04 2.50E-05 1.70E-04
18.553 -2.19E-03 -5.78E-05 -2.13E-03 18.553 2.07E-04 2.19E-05 1.85E-04
18.948 -2.10E-03 -4.97E-05 -2.05E-03 18.948 2.17E-04 1.92E-05 1.98E-04

11 of 14
 subsurface calculation

19.343 -2.02E-03 -4.26E-05 -1.97E-03 19.343 2.25E-04 1.67E-05 2.08E-04

19.738 -1.93E-03 -3.64E-05 -1.89E-03 19.738 2.31E-04 1.46E-05 2.17E-04
20.132 -1.83E-03 -3.10E-05 -1.80E-03 20.132 2.35E-04 1.26E-05 2.23E-04
20.527 -1.74E-03 -2.64E-05 -1.71E-03 20.527 2.38E-04 1.09E-05 2.27E-04
20.922 -1.65E-03 -2.24E-05 -1.62E-03 20.922 2.38E-04 9.42E-06 2.29E-04
21.317 -1.55E-03 -1.89E-05 -1.53E-03 21.317 2.37E-04 8.10E-06 2.29E-04
21.711 -1.46E-03 -1.60E-05 -1.44E-03 21.711 2.35E-04 6.94E-06 2.28E-04
22.106 -1.37E-03 -1.34E-05 -1.35E-03 22.106 2.31E-04 5.93E-06 2.25E-04
22.501 -1.28E-03 -1.13E-05 -1.27E-03 22.501 2.25E-04 5.05E-06 2.20E-04
22.896 -1.19E-03 -9.43E-06 -1.18E-03 22.896 2.19E-04 4.29E-06 2.15E-04
23.290 -1.11E-03 -7.87E-06 -1.10E-03 23.290 2.12E-04 3.63E-06 2.08E-04
23.685 -1.02E-03 -6.55E-06 -1.02E-03 23.685 2.04E-04 3.07E-06 2.01E-04
24.080 -9.44E-04 -5.44E-06 -9.39E-04 24.080 1.96E-04 2.58E-06 1.93E-04
24.475 -8.69E-04 -4.50E-06 -8.64E-04 24.475 1.87E-04 2.17E-06 1.84E-04
24.869 -7.97E-04 -3.72E-06 -7.93E-04 24.869 1.77E-04 1.82E-06 1.75E-04
25.264 -7.29E-04 -3.06E-06 -7.26E-04 25.264 1.67E-04 1.52E-06 1.66E-04
25.659 -6.65E-04 -2.52E-06 -6.62E-04 25.659 1.58E-04 1.26E-06 1.56E-04
26.054 -6.04E-04 -2.06E-06 -6.02E-04 26.054 1.48E-04 1.05E-06 1.47E-04
26.448 -5.48E-04 -1.68E-06 -5.46E-04 26.448 1.38E-04 8.68E-07 1.37E-04
26.843 -4.95E-04 -1.37E-06 -4.94E-04 26.843 1.28E-04 7.16E-07 1.28E-04
27.238 -4.46E-04 -1.12E-06 -4.45E-04 27.238 1.19E-04 5.89E-07 1.18E-04
27.633 -4.01E-04 -9.04E-07 -4.00E-04 27.633 1.10E-04 4.84E-07 1.09E-04
28.027 -3.60E-04 -7.31E-07 -3.59E-04 28.027 1.01E-04 3.96E-07 1.01E-04
28.422 -3.21E-04 -5.89E-07 -3.21E-04 28.422 9.27E-05 3.23E-07 9.23E-05
28.817 -2.86E-04 -4.74E-07 -2.86E-04 28.817 8.46E-05 2.63E-07 8.44E-05
29.212 -2.54E-04 -3.80E-07 -2.54E-04 29.212 7.70E-05 2.14E-07 7.68E-05
29.606 -2.26E-04 -3.04E-07 -2.25E-04 29.606 6.99E-05 1.73E-07 6.97E-05
30.001 -1.99E-04 -2.43E-07 -1.99E-04 30.001 6.31E-05 1.40E-07 6.30E-05
30.396 -1.76E-04 -1.93E-07 -1.75E-04 30.396 5.69E-05 1.12E-07 5.68E-05
30.791 -1.54E-04 -1.53E-07 -1.54E-04 30.791 5.11E-05 9.02E-08 5.10E-05
31.185 -1.35E-04 -1.21E-07 -1.35E-04 31.185 4.57E-05 7.22E-08 4.56E-05
31.580 -1.18E-04 -9.59E-08 -1.18E-04 31.580 4.08E-05 5.77E-08 4.07E-05
31.975 -1.03E-04 -7.55E-08 -1.03E-04 31.975 3.62E-05 4.59E-08 3.62E-05
32.370 -8.95E-05 -5.94E-08 -8.94E-05 32.370 3.21E-05 3.65E-08 3.21E-05
32.764 -7.76E-05 -4.65E-08 -7.75E-05 32.764 2.84E-05 2.89E-08 2.84E-05
33.159 -6.70E-05 -3.63E-08 -6.70E-05 33.159 2.50E-05 2.28E-08 2.50E-05
33.554 -5.78E-05 -2.83E-08 -5.78E-05 33.554 2.19E-05 1.80E-08 2.19E-05
33.949 -4.97E-05 -2.20E-08 -4.97E-05 33.949 1.92E-05 1.41E-08 1.92E-05
34.343 -4.26E-05 -1.71E-08 -4.26E-05 34.343 1.68E-05 1.11E-08 1.67E-05
34.738 -3.64E-05 -1.32E-08 -3.64E-05 34.738 1.46E-05 8.64E-09 1.46E-05
35.133 -3.10E-05 -1.02E-08 -3.10E-05 35.133 1.26E-05 6.73E-09 1.26E-05
35.528 -2.64E-05 -7.84E-09 -2.64E-05 35.528 1.09E-05 5.23E-09 1.09E-05
35.922 -2.24E-05 -6.02E-09 -2.24E-05 35.922 9.42E-06 4.06E-09 9.42E-06
36.317 -1.89E-05 -4.61E-09 -1.89E-05 36.317 8.10E-06 3.13E-09 8.10E-06
36.712 -1.60E-05 -3.52E-09 -1.60E-05 36.712 6.94E-06 2.42E-09 6.94E-06
37.107 -1.34E-05 -2.68E-09 -1.34E-05 37.107 5.93E-06 1.86E-09 5.93E-06
37.501 -1.13E-05 -2.04E-09 -1.13E-05 37.501 5.05E-06 1.42E-09 5.05E-06
37.896 -9.43E-06 -1.54E-09 -9.43E-06 37.896 4.29E-06 1.09E-09 4.29E-06

12 of 14
Location: Outram Park, V=2.0 Invert
Settlement (mm)
Distance from Centre of Two Tunnels (m)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
-20.0
-25.0
-30.0
-35.0
-40.0
-45.0
Sub-Surface Settlement Trough

Distance from Centre of Two Tunnels (m)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
0.00E+00

-5.00E-04
Slope

-1.00E-03

-1.50E-03

-2.00E-03

-2.50E-03

-3.00E-03
Slope of SubSurface Settlement Trough

Distance from Centre of Two Tunnels (m)

Curvature (1/m)

3.00E-04

2.00E-04

1.00E-04

0.00E+00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
-1.00E-04

-2.00E-04

-3.00E-04

-4.00E-04
Curvature of SubSurface Settlement Trough

13 of 14
els (m)

.0 50.0

nels (m)

.0 50.0

nnels (m)

.0 50.0

14 of 14