I.

Introduction
A. The Machine
A bread toaster or a toast maker is an electric small appliance designed to toast
sliced bread by exposing it to radiant heat, thus converting it into toast. Toasters can
toast multiple types of sliced bread products.
It is a simple and user-friendly kitchen appliance used to lightly cook slices of
bread so that they are darker, crispier, and tastier.
B. History and Uses of the Machine
Invented in Scotland in 1893, it was developed over the years, with the
introduction of an automatic mechanism to stop the toasting and pop the slices up.
Before the development of the electric toaster, sliced bread was toasted by
placing it in a metal frame or on a long-handled toasting-fork and holding it near a fire
or over a kitchen grill.
Utensils for toasting bread over open flames appeared in the early 19 th century,
including decorative implements made from wrought iron. The first electric bread toaster
was invented by Alan MacMasters in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1893.

How to use the bread toaster:

1. Plug the bread toaster.
2. Adjust the knob to choose how dark you want your toast to
be.
3. Slide your toast into the toasting slots and depress the lever
on the front of the appliance.
(Wait for the toast to cook and keep your nose open to make
sure that it isn’t burning)
4. When the lever pops back up, the toast is done, so unload
the bread slices.
5. Unplug the appliance.

C. Product / Service Rendered

Toast is sliced bread that has been browned by exposure to radiant heat. This
browning is the result of a Maillard reaction altering the flavor of the bread and making
it firmer so that it is easier to spread toppings on it. Toasting is a common method of
making stale bread more palatable.
The word "toast", which means "sliced bread singed by heat" comes from the
Latin torrere, "to burn".
It is commonly eaten with butter or margarine and sweetened toppings, such
as jam or jelly. Regionally, savoury spreads, such as peanut butter or yeast extracts,
may also be popular. When buttered, toast may also be served as an accompaniment to
savoury dishes, especially soups or stews, or topped with heartier ingredients like eggs
or baked beans as a light meal.
Toast is a common breakfast food. While slices of bread are most
common, bagels and English muffins are also toasted.
Scientific studies in the early 2000s found that toast may
contain carcinogens caused by the browning process.
The first reference to toast in print is in a recipe for Oyle Soppys (flavoured
onions stewed in a gallon of stale beer and a pint of oil) that dates from 1430. In the
1400s and 1500s, toast was discarded or eaten after it was used as a flavouring for
 drinks. In the 1600s, toast was still thought of as something that was " put it into
drinks.” Shakespeare gave this line to Falstaff in The Merry Wives of Windsor , 1616:
"Go, fetch me a quart of Sacke [sherry], put a tost in 't. " By the 1700s, there were
references to "toast" as a gesture that indicates sexual attraction for a person: "Ay,
Madam, it has been your Life's whole Pride of late to be the Common Toast of every
Publick Table.”
Toast has been used as an element of American haute cuisine since at least the
1850s.

D. Purpose of the Study

II. Problem Identification

A. Statement of the Problem
B. Cause and Effect Diagram

III. Problem Analysis

A. Sketch of the Machine

B. Parts of the Machine and Function

PARTS FUNCTIONS
Press Handle Easy surface to press, to lower bread into toaster
Regulator Knob Adjusts toast time
Toaster Loader Top Bread is loaded to slots
Cancel Button Cancels toast process

C. Layout / Workstation of the Existing Method

D. Assumptions (Salary, Electricity Rate, Raw Materials, Packaging cost,

etc)
a. The minimum wage is 366 php/day.
b. The operator works 390 minutes in a day. (the lunch break is 60 minutes,
and morning and afternoon breaks are 15 minutes each. All deducted
from the 480-minute work time in a day.)
c. The electricity rate of VECO is 11 php/kWh
d. The wattage is 1200 Watts.
e. The machine is plugged before the whole process.
f. There will be one (1) bread per order.
g. Each order will be *price
h. One (1) cycle in the toasting process will have an output of two (2)
toasted breads.
i. Materials and ingredients are prepared in the set-up time.
j. In a loaf of bread, there are 30 slices.
k. The bread toaster used has only two (2) slots.
E. Description of Activities During Operation
1. Prepare
Prepare all ingredients and materials
2. Get
Get two slices of bread
 3. Put
Put the slices in the slots of the bread toaster.
4. Adjust
Adjust the knob, placing the arrow in between numbers 2 and 3.
5. Depress
Depress the lever or press handle.
6. Toast
Toast the sliced breads.
7. Unload
Unload the toasted breads.
8. Put
Put margarine to both sides of the toasted breads.
9. Pack
Pack each piece of toasted bread in a small paper bag or “ bolsita”.

F. Man and Machine Chart of the Existing Method

G. Computation for Number of Machine or Number of Operators

PROCESS TIME in seconds

1.    Prepare all ingredients and materials 300 b
2.    Get two slices of bread 10 b
3.   Load the slices in the slots of the bread toaster. 5 a
4.    Adjust the knob, placing the arrow in between
5 a
numbers 2 and 3.
5.    Depress the lever or press handle. 5 a
6.    Toast the sliced breads 60 t
7.    Unload the toasted breads. 10 a
8.    Put margarine to both sides of the toasted breads. 30 b
9.    Pack each piece of toasted bread in a small paper
10 b
bag or “bolsita”.
Total 435
Where:
Concurrent time : a
Operator time: b
Machine time: t

H. Computation of the Cycle Time, Working Time, Idle Time and

Utilization
I. Computation of the Labor Cost
J. Productivity of the Existing Process

IV. Search for Probable Solutions (at least 3)

 V. Evaluation of Each of the Probable Solutions

VI. The Proposed Method

A. Description of the Proposed Method
B. Layout / Workstation

C. Process Flow Chart

D. Assembly Process Chart
E. Operations Chart
F. Man and Machine Chart of the Proposed Method
G. Computation of the Cycle Time, Working Time, Idle Time and
Utilization
H. Computation of the Total Output
I. Computation of the Labor Cost
J. Productivity of the Proposed Method
K. Productivity Index
L. Cost of Improvement
M. Savings/Extra nc60e
N. Payback Period

VII. Findings and Analysis

VIII. Recommendation