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    Psyc 221 (Prenatal Development and Birth - 2)

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    Mustafa Bayram
    This document discusses prenatal development and birth, focusing on substance-related problems. It outlines that illegal drugs like marijuana, heroin, methadone, and cocaine can harm fetal development, resulting in lower birth weights and potential developmental issues. Tobacco is also highlighted as harmful, linked to slower growth and potential learning problems. The largest section covers alcohol, noting mounting evidence that it can damage an ovum or zygote and cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Finally, the document lists maternal influences like diseases, diet, age, and depression that can impact fetal health.

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    Psyc 221 (Prenatal Development and Birth - 2)

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa Bayram
    8 views2 pages
    This document discusses prenatal development and birth, focusing on substance-related problems. It outlines that illegal drugs like marijuana, heroin, methadone, and cocaine can harm fetal development, resulting in lower birth weights and potential developmental issues. Tobacco is also highlighted as harmful, linked to slower growth and potential learning problems. The largest section covers alcohol, noting mounting evidence that it can damage an ovum or zygote and cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Finally, the document lists maternal influences like diseases, diet, age, and depression that can impact fetal health.

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    PSYC 221 (PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH - 2)

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    This document discusses prenatal development and birth, focusing on substance-related problems. It outlines that illegal drugs like marijuana, heroin, methadone, and cocaine can harm fetal development, resulting in lower birth weights and potential developmental issues. Tobacco is also highlighted as harmful, linked to slower growth and potential learning problems. The largest section covers alcohol, noting mounting evidence that it can damage an ovum or zygote and cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Finally, the document lists maternal influences like diseases, diet, age, and depression that can impact fetal health.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    Psyc 221 (Prenatal Development and Birth - 2)

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa Bayram
    This document discusses prenatal development and birth, focusing on substance-related problems. It outlines that illegal drugs like marijuana, heroin, methadone, and cocaine can harm fetal development, resulting in lower birth weights and potential developmental issues. Tobacco is also highlighted as harmful, linked to slower growth and potential learning problems. The largest section covers alcohol, noting mounting evidence that it can damage an ovum or zygote and cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Finally, the document lists maternal influences like diseases, diet, age, and depression that can impact fetal health.

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    of 2

    PSYC221: PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH (2)

    SUBSTANCE-RELATED PROBLEMS IN > ILLEGAL DRUGS


    PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT • Marijuana
    • Teratogen: Any environmental agent that has the + shorter, weigh less, lower IQ at age 6
    potential to damage the fetus when exposure
    occurs during the prenatal period • Heroin and methadone

    + E.g.: radiation, alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs, + born addicted


    prescription and over-the-counter drugs + if cared well by age 2, good development
    • “teras”: malformation, monstrosity • Cocaine
    • The extent of harm depends on the following + placental problems, premature labour
    factors
    + mothers: poor, abuse multiple substances ->
    + Timing effect of cocaine or something else?
    + Dose and duration of exposure > TOBACCO
    > Some Important Teratogens and Their Effects • slower growth in the womb

    • lower weight at birth

    • higher rates of learning problems and antisocial


    behaviour

    > ALCOHOL
    + mounting evidence for detrimental effects
    + can adversely affect an ovum prior to ovulation or
    Prescription and over-the-counter drugs during its journey in the fallopian tube
    + can adversely affect a zygote prior to
    implantation

    Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

    - The Timing of Teratogen Exposure

    E.g.: Thalidomide
    • 1960s in
    Canada, Europe,
    and South • A term encompassing a range of physical, mental,
    America and behavioural outcomes caused by prenatal
    alcohol exposure
    • Permanent birth defects > The Apgar Scale
    • More common than Down syndrome

    • Consequences:

    + Growth deficiencies
    + Facial abnormalities
    + Brain damage

    --------------------------------------------------------------------

    MUSTAFA BAYRAM

    MATERNAL INFLUENCES AND FETAL


    HEALTH
    1) Maternal diseases
    • Rubella, HIV, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    (STDs)
    2) Other maternal influences
    • Diet, Age, Chronic illness, Environmental hazards

    • Maternal emotions

    + Antenatal and Postnatal Depression

    BIRTH AND THE NEONATE


    • Assessing the neonate:

    + Apgar scale
    + Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
    Scale
    + Why is neonatal assessment important?

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