A 2 Append.

x A
KCE (E&Te/Sem 7/MU)

over IP (VoIP):
A.1.2 Advantage of VolP
Noice
themselves from the VolP makes the national and international telephone
looking to upgrade
Businesses
can consider a calls possible at a lower price over a broadband Internet
system
standard PSTN based phone
connection
number o f alternatives

could be Voice over IP ie VolP while A.1.3 Disadvantages

The first alternative
communication.
alternative is the unified The voice quality is not as yood as that of a
the second

used interchangeably by vendors and conventional telephone call.

VoIP and UC are

However, they are nor the same. The call can get through only if a good quality
the media. 2.

at is VolP?
Internet connection is available.

VoP Is Voice over Internet Protocol and it is aA.1.4 Protocols for VolP:
technology that allows to make and receive telephone real time interactive audio / video
The voice over IP is a

calls over the Internet.

application.
The voice over IP is a real time interactive audio / video IP, the Internet is used as a telephone
In voice over

Voice over IP is also known as Internet

application. network.
telephony. Thus now a packet switched network is used for the
In voice over P, the Internet is used as a telephone
telephony application.
network and some additional capabilities are included.
We need to use the following specially designed
Thus now a packet switched network is being used for to handle this communication:
protocols
the telephony application. 1. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

In a typical landline, the human voice is routed over a

2. H. 323
cables which connect all
network of telephone
telephones to enable voice calling. A.2 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) :
the function in a different way. It The session initiation protocol (SIP) was designed by
VolP performs same

uses the Internet for transmitting the voice calls. IETF. It is an application layer protocol
Thus it uses the same data network that is used by our
SIP has been designed to establish, manage and

and other devices multimedia session i.e. call. SIP can use
computers, lap tops ,smart phones terminate a

connected to the Internet.

either UDP, TCP or SCTP, for its operation.

communications but What does a SIP do ?

We can have VolP without unified

not vice versa. The SIP carries out the following tasks
Thus UC is the next step of VolIP. A business can always the mechanism to establish a call
1. It provides
needed. IP
start with VolP and add UC features when between the caller and called party over an

network.
1.1 Requirements
2. It allows the caller to tell the called party that it
A VolP connection has the following requirements
wants to start the call. It also allows the
A high speed internet connection, such as cable,
to decide on media coding and end
participants
DSL T1, or even wireless,
calls.
2 Large bandwidth meets the minimum requirements that caller can
3. SIP provides a mechanism so
for the VolP provider you choose and their called
determine the current IP address of the

3 Stability of connection
party
4 No packet loss and jitter

Tech Knowledge
4 Appendix A ICE (E&T/Sem. 7/MU) A-5
AppendixA
This message is then sent to the callee. This is how the A.4.1 IPTV Basics 3 Packetizing.
tracking process of callee is complete. In IPTV, audio and video signals are transmitted in the 4 Receiving the IP packets

form of IP packets over the IP network such as LAN or 5 Decompression and decoding (D to A).
A.3 H.323 Internet. Reproduce the audio and video signals.
6.
We have already discussed this protocol in chapter 6 of The audio and video signals in the analog form aree
The audio and video information is converted into IP
this book packets and routing information is added before captured using the microphone and video cameraa

transferring the packets onto the Internet or some other respectively.

VA4 IPTV data network. These signals are digitized and compressed using
the

An IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) is a system which is used

We can watch IPTV on NTSC or PAL TV set, a multimetdia suitable algorithms. to produce compressed digitized
for delivering the TV services through Internet protocol
computer, a laptop or a rnultimedia mobile handset. audio/video.
suite. The TV signal is transferred in the packet form over
All these devices can be connected to IPTV programs This signal is then converted in IP packets and sent on

a packet switched network such as a LAN or the Internet.

using a set to box or media gateways supplied by the an IP network such as an Internet
This is an alternative way of delivering the TV contents
IPTV service providers. These packets are captured by the receiver which is
to the user instead of using the means such as the
In order to watch IPTV, we need to have th following followed by the audio/video decompression and
terrestrial TV, satellite or cable TV.
decoding (D to A conversion) processes.
important parts
IPTV allows to stream the contents small batches
IP The audio and video signals recovered in the analog
1. Adaptors or viewing devices for converting
directly from the source. This is different from form are then applied to the ioud speaker and picture
packets to the original audio visual information.
downloading the media. tube to reproduce the original sound and picture signals
The scurces of IPTV are classified as follows
2 High speed broadband Internet connection.
respectively.
3. IPTV service provider.
1 Live TV A.4.3 Compression Algorithms and
4. Media content provide.
2. Time shifted television Protocols:
3. Video on Demand (VoD). A.4.2 IPTV Architecture The digitized video signal is compressed using the MPEG
block
Definition Fig A.4.1 shows the simplified
format.
diagram/architecture of the IPTV system.
The official definition of IPTV according to TU is as The digitized and compressed audio/video signals are
nAudio

follows: IPTV is a multimedia service including TV/ processed using RTP (Real Time Protocol) which mainly
Digilization CompressHPacketzing
Video J
video/ audio / text / graphics/data delivered over IP carries out the time stamping and sequencing
Mcamera]Video Transmitler
based networks that are managed to provide the operations.
Intemet
required level of quality of service, experience, safety. The RTP packets are applied to UDP which treats the RTP
O to A
interactivity and reliability. ConversionDecompresa Receiver packets like an application program. The RTP packets are

encapsulated in a UDP datagram.

Penetration e t u r e liDe
Receiver
IPTV is operational in a number of countries including The UDP packets finally get encapsulated in 1P

India and the global IPTV subscribers are well over 100
(0-115) Fig. A.4.1: IPTVarchitecture/block diagram datagrams which are sent over the Internet to the
destination.
million. The processes included in IPTV transmission and
IPTV is the natural extension of the pay-per view and reception are as follows A.4.4 IPTV Communication Systems
video on demand concepts. IPTV services are being Capturing the analog audio and video signals.
Some of the communication systems used for IPTV are:
offered in hotels more than homes.
2. Digitization and compression. Content network
1 2. TV head end

Tech Knowledge ETech Knowledge

 E (ESTCSem. 7/MU) APpendIX A ICE (E&Te/Sem. 7/MU) AppendixA S o l v e d U n i v e r s i t

Home nenwork 4 Distribution network. 3. The IPTV can support three types of services A.4.7 Advantages of IPTV 9. IPTV can reduce the capital expenditure of the TV
IPTV Equipments at the User's namely industry to a great extent.
The Internet Protocol based platform can offer niany
1. Live television
Premises advantages to the end users. Some of them are as
A.4.8 Disadvantages of IPTV:
be used 2. Time shifted TV follows
i9. A4.2 show's vanous equipments required to
i f the streamed audio and video data is unreliable Chapter 3 :App
t the users premises. They include : 3. Video on Demand (VoD) 1 t gives the ability of integrating television and
then 1PTV cculd face problem like loss of packets
L A telephone connection. 4. A computer 4. The Video on Demand (VoD) service supported by other 1P-based services such as Internet access
nd delays t r a n s i t i o n
diagram,

the IPTV is very similar to watching CDs/DVDs on and VoIP. of a

2 A sptter A set top box help
2. f the speed of the network connection is slow or the
8
hours.
With Is

a VCO/DVD player. 2. More contents can be delivered to the user. p r o v i d e d

A router ATV monitor if the bandwidth of the connection is limited then time
ease

TELE°*ONE 3. It gives more functionality.

S. The IPTV services make the movies, instructional the quality of IPTV will be seriously affected.
CONNECTION 4. It reduces the bandwidth of the system. 3.9.3.2 and
3.9.3
3.9.3.1,
videos, and other similar content available to the needs to use a very high speed broadband 3.9.3,
TELEPHONE 3.9.2,
S. User's choice is not restricted by the bandwidth of ns
customers. Internet connection (minimum speed of 100 8
hours.

the system as it does in case of the conventional setime time

6. In the IPTV set up, following three services work

Mbps). time
and
rebinding

TV system. enewal 8 = 4H
time
= 0.5 x
cOMPUTER It is problematic to stream IPTV over wireless links lease
50% of
togetherwithout any problem: 6. PTV allows more interactive and personalized =
time = 0.875 x 8
within a home, due to multipath and reflections of lease
1 Conventional Telephone 87.5% of
experience for the user. ime
IP packets. are resol
DNS queries
o - 1 ig. A4.2 : IPTV equipments 2. Broadband Internet 7. The users can search for the contents by the title how
Explain 3.14.1,3
4 PTV services have to use wired home networking ? (Sections
3. IPTV Service. or actors name etC. in D N S
he teleplone connection brings in the broadband high required
technologies instead of wireless technology.
peed internet connection to the subscriber's premises. 7. IPTV can offer more channels than the
8. The users can enjoy the picture in picture Chapter 5: Ints
5. Privacy of the user n be greatly compromised.
conventional TV system.
functionality using which they can surf channels
e to the use of splitter, router and set top box it is Hacking or disruption is possible. for appli-
without leaving the channel that they are already on PGP scenarios
Elaborate
Ssible to have the following services together without 8. Using IPTV the users can have more control over
protocol fo
the choice of television services.
-watching. Write a note on: SSLTSL
ny problem :
Chapter 6 : Multim
1 Coventional telephone. 9. The real time accounting and billing is possible.

Broadband Intemet (on the computer). 10. We can have multiple IP televisions in the same video com
of audio or
Explain the need
home.
PTV service
(Section 6.11.1)
n Indra : 11. IPTV supports unicast as well as multicast
streaming
Compare the procedures:
communication.
bunch of TV channels and VoD services are made video over Internet.

vailable by BSNL in Calcutta which has been offering 12. One can watch IPTV anywhere in the world even

TV from AUGUST 2007. IPTV is also available in Delhi while traveling. stre=
interactive
live and
3on of stored,
d Mumbai (in Mumbai it is provided by MTNL). 13. It is possible to watch all the international TV 1 : Comp
(GT-68) Table
channels.
Characteristics / Features of IPTV: Parameter of
s t o r e d au
1PTV Supports interactive
me of the important characteristics of IPTV are as 14.
television. Comparison

he prereca
iows 15. The user can have option of watching or skipping
Principle of operation
contents o
client can
The technology used for Internet services and that the advertisements while watching a program.
used for the IPTV are same. Not appli
16. IPTV supports Television commerce (I-commerce Keal ime aspec

In IPTV, the Ty channel are encoded into the IP

similar to E-commerce). OWnloDa

Need of downloading9
format and applied to the TV via set top boOx.

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