Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms

Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Transform

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh

Department of Mathematics
International University Ho Chi Minh City
E-mail: mdthanh@hcmiu.edu.vn

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Transform

1 Inverse of Laplace Transforms

2 Evaluation of inverse transforms

3 Inversion using the first shift theorem

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms

The symbol L−1 {F (s)} denotes a causal function f (t) whose

Laplace transform is F (s):

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms

The symbol L−1 {F (s)} denotes a causal function f (t) whose

Laplace transform is F (s):
if L[f (t)] = F (s) then f (t) = L−1 {F (s)}.

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms

The symbol L−1 {F (s)} denotes a causal function f (t) whose

Laplace transform is F (s):
if L[f (t)] = F (s) then f (t) = L−1 {F (s)}.

The correspondence F (s) 7→ f (t) is called inverse Laplace

transformation

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms

The symbol L−1 {F (s)} denotes a causal function f (t) whose

Laplace transform is F (s):
if L[f (t)] = F (s) then f (t) = L−1 {F (s)}.

The correspondence F (s) 7→ f (t) is called inverse Laplace

transformation
f (t) = L−1 {F (s)}: inverse transform of F (s)

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms

The symbol L−1 {F (s)} denotes a causal function f (t) whose

Laplace transform is F (s):
if L[f (t)] = F (s) then f (t) = L−1 {F (s)}.

The correspondence F (s) 7→ f (t) is called inverse Laplace

transformation
f (t) = L−1 {F (s)}: inverse transform of F (s)
L−1 : inverse Laplace transform operator.

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms...

The Laplace transform F (s) only determines the behavior of

f (t) for t ≥ 0. Thus, L−1 {F (s)} = f (t) only for t ≥ 0

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms...

The Laplace transform F (s) only determines the behavior of

f (t) for t ≥ 0. Thus, L−1 {F (s)} = f (t) only for t ≥ 0
When writing L−1 {F (s)} = f (t), it is assumed that t ≥ 0 so
strictly speaking, we should write

L−1 {F (s)} = f (t)H(t). (1)

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms...

Example 1. Since
1
L{eat } =
s−a

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms...

Example 1. Since
1
L{eat } =
s−a
it follows that n 1 o
L−1 = eat .
s−a

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms...

Example 2. Since
ω
L{sin ωt} =
s2 + ω2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms...

Example 2. Since
ω
L{sin ωt} =
s2 + ω2
it follows that n ω o
L−1 = sin ωt.
s2 + ω2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inverse of Laplace Transforms...

Now the linearity property of Laplace transforms states that if

α, β are any constants then

L{αf (t) + βg(t)} = αL{f (t)} + βL{g(t)} = αF (s) + βG(s).

It is thus derived from the above definition that

L−1 {αF (s)+βG(s)} = αf (t)+βg(t) = αL−1 {F (s)}+βL−1 {G(s)}

so that the inverse Laplace transform operator L−1 is also a

linear operator.

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Evaluation of inverse transforms

-Make use of a table of transforms.

-In particular, determining

L−1 {p(s)/q(s)}

where p(s), q(s) are polynomial in s by resolving the function

into partial fractions and then to use the table of transforms.

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Evaluation of inverse transforms

Example. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 3)(s − 2)

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Evaluation of inverse transforms

Example. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 3)(s − 2)

Solution. First 1/(s + 3)(s − 2) is resolved into partial fractions,

giving
1 −1/5 1/5
= + .
(s + 3)(s − 2) s+3 s−2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Evaluation of inverse transforms

Then using the result L−1 {1/(s + a)} = e−at together with the
linearity property, we have
n 1 o −1 n 1 o 1 n 1 o
L−1 = L−1 + L−1
(s + 3)(s − 2) 5 s+3 5 s−2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Evaluation of inverse transforms

Then using the result L−1 {1/(s + a)} = e−at together with the
linearity property, we have
n 1 o −1 n 1 o 1 n 1 o
L−1 = L−1 + L−1
(s + 3)(s − 2) 5 s+3 5 s−2
−1 −3t 1 2t
= e + e .
5 5

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

MATLAB finding Inverse Transforms

MATLAB commands

syms s t
ilaplace(F(s))

For example, the command

ilaplace(1/((s+3)*(s-2)))

gives

ans = 1/5 exp(2 t) - 1/5 exp(-3 t)

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

The first shift theorem can be expressed in the inverse form as

follows
L−1 {F (s − a)} = eat f (t) . (2)
The notation
L−1 {[F (s)]s→s−a } = eat f (t)
where F (s) = L{f (t)} and [F (s)]s→s−a denotes that s in F (s)
is replaced by s − a, may make the relation clearer.

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 1. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 2)2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 1. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 2)2

Solution. We have
1 h1i
= .
(s + 2)2 s2 s→s+2

Since 1/s2 = L{t}, the first shift theorem

L−1 {[F (s)]s→s−a } = eat f (t) yields

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 1. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 2)2

Solution. We have
1 h1i
= .
(s + 2)2 s2 s→s+2

Since 1/s2 = L{t}, the first shift theorem

L−1 {[F (s)]s→s−a } = eat f (t) yields
n 1 o nh 1 i o
L−1 = L −1
= e−2t t.
(s + 2)2 s2 s→s+2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 2. Find
n 2 o
L−1 .
s2 + 6s + 13

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 2. Find
n 2 o
L−1 .
s2 + 6s + 13

Solution. We have
2 2 h 2 i
= = .
s2 + 6s + 13 (s + 3)2 + 4 s2 + 22 s→s+3

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 2. Find
n 2 o
L−1 .
s2 + 6s + 13

Solution. We have
2 2 h 2 i
= = .
s2 + 6s + 13 (s + 3)2 + 4 s2 + 22 s→s+3

Since 2/(s2 + 22 ) = L{sin 2t},

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 2. Find
n 2 o
L−1 .
s2 + 6s + 13

Solution. We have
2 2 h 2 i
= = .
s2 + 6s + 13 (s + 3)2 + 4 s2 + 22 s→s+3

Since 2/(s2 + 22 ) = L{sin 2t}, the shift theorem yields

n 2 o
L−1 2
= e−3t sin 2t.
s + 6s + 13

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 3. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 1)( s2 + 4)

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 3. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 1)( s2 + 4)

Solution. We have
1 2/25 1/5 1 2s + 3
= + −
(s + 1)2 (s2 + 4) s + 1 (s + 1)2 25 s2 + 4

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

Example 3. Find
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s + 1)( s2 + 4)

Solution. We have
1 2/25 1/5 1 2s + 3
+ = −
(s + 1)2 (s2
+ 4) s + 1 (s + 1) 2 25 s2 + 4
2/25 1 1
h i 2 s 3 2
= + 2
− 2 2
−
s + 1 5 s s→s+1 25 s + 2 50 s + 22
2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

1 2/25 1 h 1 i 2 s 3 2
2 2
= + − −
(s + 1) (s + 4) s + 1 5 s s→s+1 25 s + 2 50 s + 22
2 2 2 2

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

1 2/25 1 h 1 i 2 s 3 2
2 2
= + − −
(s + 1) (s + 4) s + 1 5 s s→s+1 25 s + 2 50 s + 22
2 2 2 2

Since 1/s2 = L{t}, the shift theorem yields

n 1 o 2 −t 1 −t 2 3
L−1 = e + e t− cos 2t− sin 2t.
(s + 1)2 (s2 + 4) 25 5 25 50

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Inversion using the first shift theorem

1 2/25 1 h 1 i 2 s 3 2
2 2
= + − −
(s + 1) (s + 4) s + 1 5 s s→s+1 25 s + 2 50 s + 22
2 2 2 2

Since 1/s2 = L{t}, the shift theorem yields

n 1 o 2 −t 1 −t 2 3
L−1 = e + e t− cos 2t− sin 2t.
(s + 1)2 (s2 + 4) 25 5 25 50

MATLAB command:
ilaplace(1/((s+1)ˆ 2*(sˆ 2+4)))

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra
Inverse of Laplace Transforms Evaluation of inverse transforms Inversion using the first shift theorem

Exercises

Find
a)
n 1 o
L−1 .
(s − 2)(s2 + 1)
b)
n 1 o
L−1 .
s2 + 4s + 6

Assoc.Prof. Mai Duc Thanh Chapter 2: Laplace Transforms Lecture 5: Inverse Laplace Tra