EXPERIMENT: Wavelength Measurement using Microwave Test bench.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and wavelength in a rectangular wave-guide working on

TE10 mode.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Klystron tube, Klystron Power Supply, Klystron Mount, Isolator, Frequency
Meter, Variable Attenuator, Slotted Section, Tunable Probe, Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, Wave-guide
Stand, Movable Short Matched Termination, Klystron Cooling Fan.

THEORY: The wavelength of the TE10 mode can be found out using two techniques; using direct
method and indirect method.

Direct Method

The cavity resonates with the incident frequency then there will be less power going out from the
cavity because the cavity absorbs that wave. Here Frequency Meter shows a frequency reading, the
Frequency Meter is in resonance with that frequency and absorb the waves of that frequency, f0

Indirect Method

If a standing wave occurs, the distance between the two maximum or minimum in the pattern is the
half of the guide wavelength. Consider for TE10 mode in rectangular wave-guide, free space
wavelength λ0, guide wavelength λg, cutoff wavelength λc, can be related as,

For TE10mode, in a rectangular wave-guide with broad dimension a

λc = 2a

Guide wavelength λg can be calculated using the below equation

λg = Distance between two consecutive minima or maxima × 2

PROCEDURE:

1. Setup the components and equipment as shown in Figure.

2. Set the variable attenuator to maximum position.

3. Klystron Power Supply

3.1. Mode: AM

3.2. Beam Voltage Knob: Full Anti-Clock Wise

3.3. Reflector Voltage Knob: Full Clock Wise

4. Rotate the knob of Frequency meter to one side fully

5. Switch ON the Cooling Fan, Klystron Power Supply, CRO.

6. Rotate the Beam Voltage Knob clock wise slowly up-to 300 V reading

7. Keep the AM-MOD knob and AM-FREQ knob at the mid position.

Direct Method

1. Connect the Detector mount output to the CRO using BNC Cable.

2. Turn ON the CRO.

3. Rotate the Reflector Voltage knob and AM-MOD amplitude knob to get maximum output in

CRO.

4. Find the oscillation frequency by turning the knob of Frequency meter and observing the

maximum decrease in peak to peak voltage in CRO.

5. Find the wavelength using the equation above.

Indirect Method

1. Connect the Tunable Prob output to the CRO using BNC Cable.

2. Turn ON the CRO.

3. Rotate the Reflector Voltage knob and AM-MOD amplitude knob to get maximum output in CRO.

4. Turn the Tunable Prob knob to find the two consecutive positions in the Slotted Section which
produces minimum amplitude waveform in CRO.

OBSERVATIONS:

Indirect Method:

We observe that the first minima is at 16.5cm and second minima is at 14.15cm. So, using indirect
method we can calculate the frequency of the incident wave using the method shown in below
calculations.

Direct Method:

Here, we observe that when we rotate the frequency meter in the arrangement the frequency
corresponding to minimum amplitude waveform is 9.38GHz.
CALCULATIONS:

INFERENCES:

We can thus infer from the above experiment that the frequencies which we obtain from direct
method is 9.38GHz and from indirect method is 9.15GHz which are fairly close to each other but we
will consider the frequency from direct method as more accurate because when the frequency is
matched with the frequency of wave then it allows only small amount of wave to pass through it
thus we get minimum amplitude in this case.