Lyka S.

Vino, BSN 2-1

C.I: Mr. Wilbert Rosario, MAN

DRUG STUDY

Drug Data Classification Mechanism Indications Contraindications Adverse Nursing

of Actions Reactions Responsibilities

Generic Belongs to the Has a central Recommend Active and severe In rare The nurse
Name: classes of analgesic ed for the hepatic disease, cases, a should assess
Paracetamol analgesic and effect that is short-term hypersensitivity to serious skin for decrease in
(Solution For antipyretic mediated treatment of paracetamol or any rash or pain 30 minutes
Injection) drugs, through moderate other components allergic after IV
commonly activation of pain, of the product, or reaction, a administration.
Trade Names: known as pain descending especially to propacetamol drop in If the patient’s
Tylenol and reliever and seretonergic following (pre-cursor of blood pain level is not
Panadol fever reducer, pathways. surgery, and paracetamol) and pressure or acceptable, the
respectively. Debate exists for the propacetamol changes in nurse should
Patient Dose: about its short-term hydrochloride (pro- laboratory investigate
160 mg or 5 primary site of treatment of drug of test results alternate
ml IV action, which fever, when paracetamol), (abnormally treatment
may be administrati severe hepatic high levels modalities.
The minimum inhibition of on by impairment, a of hepatic These
interval prostaglandin intravenous condition where enzymes modalities may
between each (PG) synthesis route is the body is unable found during include, but not
administration or through an clinically to maintain blood limited to,
must be at active justified by adequate blood checks) may aromatherapy,
least 4 hours. metabolite an urgent flow called shock, occur. repositioning
influencing need to and caloric the patient, hot
cannabinoid treat pain or undernutrition. In isolated or cold
No more than
receptors. hyperthermi cases, other treatments, and
4 doses to be
a and/or Do not give changes in listening to
given in 24
when other anything else laboratory music.
hours.
routes of containing test results
administrati paracetamol while include As the nurse is
on are not giving this abnormally the patient
possible. medicine. low levels of advocate, the
some types healthcare
Please inform your of blood provider may
doctor or cells have to be
pharmacist if you (platelets, informed if the
are taking oral white cells) patient’s pain
anticoagulants. possibly is not
leading to controlled by
bleeding analgesics.
from the
nose or One of the
gums. adverse effects
of analgesics is
Respiratory respiratory
depression depression. The
 is also nurse should
possible. evaluate the
respiratory rate
Should any and pulse
of these oximetry after
occur, administration
inform your of the
doctor medication.
immediately
. The nurse may
also need to
consider
administering
other
medications
that treat the
common side
effects of
analgesics like
nausea or
constipation.
Generic Belongs to the It is a direct is Coronary artery Angina, Enquire the
Name: class of arteriole primarily disease: this is due immune complete health
Hydralazine vasodilators, it vasodilator. used to hydralazine’s phenomena history of the
(Hydrochloride helps dilate Although the to stimulation of the such patient
Injection, USP) blood vessels. mechanism is treat sympathetic as drug- including
not hypertensio nervous system. induced allergy, drug
Trade Name: completely n This leads to lupus interactions,
Apresoline understood, it and increased cardiac erythematos and family
is theorized to hypertensive output and oxygen us (DILE), background of
Patient Dose: be associated urgency/ demand which can serum hypertension.
20-40 mg with emergency. provoke myocardial sickness,
IM/IV; repeat intracellular It has also ischemia. hemolytic Monitor blood
as necessary calcium been utilized anemia, pressure and
homeostasis. in Lactation: use vasculitis, pulse before
Specifically, it the caution in and and during
acts to inhibit treatment of breastfeeding glomerulone treatment.
inositol eclampsia women as it is - Check lab test
trisphosphate along with unknown if phritis have for CBC, blood
(IP3)-induced heart failure hydralazine is been glucose, BUN,
release of with excreted in human reported. creatinine,
calcium from reduced milk. platelets,
the smooth ejection There have electrolytes, LFT
muscle cells fraction been rare arterial pressure
sarcoplasmic (HFrEF) cases of should be
reticulum and when in toxic monitored
inhibits combination epidermal during
myosin with necrolysis treatment via
phosphorylati isosorbide (TEN) intra-arterial
on within the dinitrate. reported in recording.
arterial association
smooth with Hydralazine
 muscle. This hydralazine. must be
reduces prescribed with
peripheral There have meal.
vascular also been
resistance and rare cases Observe
leads to a reported of patients for
compensatory polyneuritis possible s/s of
baroreceptor- that are edema or
mediated amenable to congestive
release of pyridoxine heart failure.
epinephrine supplements
and .
norepinephrin
e, which, as a
result,
increases
venous return
and cardiac
output. 
Generic Belongs to the It promotes Parenteral Severe sodium and Hepatic Observe patients
Name: class of diuresis by therapy water depletion, encephalopa receiving
Furosemide diuretics, it blocking tubular should be hypersensitivity to thy, parenteral drug
reabsorption of carefully; closely
(Solution For helps your reserved for sulphonamides and pancreatitis,
sodium and monitor BP and
Injection) body get rid of patients furosemide, interstitial
chloride in the vital signs.
extra water by proximal and unable to hypokalaemia, nephritis, Sudden death
Trade Name: increasing the distal tubules, take oral hyponatraemia, azotemia, from cardiac
Lasix amount of as well as in the medication precomatose states oliguria, arrest has been
urine you thick ascending or for associated with thromboem reported.
Patient Dose: make. loop of Henle. patients in liver cirrhosis, bolism,
Unless This diuretic emergency anuria or renal thrombosis, Monitor BP
effect is clinical failure, and hearing loss, during periods of
otherwise
achieved situations. Addison’s disease. diuresis and
prescribed, hemolytic
through the through period of
the initial anemia,
competitive dosage
dose is 20 – inhibition of Furosemide aplastic
adjustment.
40 mg (1 – 2 sodium- is indicated anemia,
ampules) potassium- in adults and agranulocyt
Observe older
intravenously chloride pediatric osis, toxic
adults closely
or in cotransporters patients for epidermal during period of
exceptional (NKCC2) the necrolysis, brisk diuresis.
expressed along treatment of acute
cases, Sudden alteration
these tubules in generalized
intramuscularl edema in fluid and
the nephron,
y associated exanthemat electrolyte
preventing the
with ous balance may
transport of
congestive pustulosis precipitate
sodium ions
(AGEP), significant
from the heart failure,
adverse reactions.
lumenal side cirrhosis of Stevens-
Report symptoms
into the the liver and Johnson to physician.
basolateral side renal syndrome,
for disease, anaphylactoi
reabsorption. Lab tests: Obtain
including the d reactions, frequent blood
This inhibition
nephrotic anaphylactic count, serum and
results in
increased syndrome. shock, urine electrolytes,
CO2, BUN, blood
 excretion of vasculitis, sugar, and uric
water along Furosemide and Drug acid values during
with sodium, Reaction first few months
is
chloride, of therapy and
particularly with
magnesium, periodically
useful when Eosinophilia
calcium, thereafter.
hydrogen, and an agent and
potassium ions. with greater Systemic
Monitor for S&S
As with other diuretic Symptoms of hypokalemia.
loop diuretics, potential is (DRESS).
furosemide desired. Monitor I&O ratio
decreases the
and pattern.
excretion of uric
Furosemide
acid.
Furosemide is indicated Report decrease
exerts direct as or unusual
vasodilatory adjunctive increase in
effects, which therapy in output. Excessive
results in its acute diuresis can result
therapeutic in dehydration
pulmonary
effectiveness in and hypovolemia,
edema. circulatory
the treatment
of acute collapse, and
pulmonary The hypotension.
edema. intravenous
Vasodilation administrati Weigh patient
leads to on of daily under
reduced furosemide standard
responsiveness is indicated conditions.
to when a
vasoconstrictors rapid onset Monitor urine and
such as blood glucose &
of diuresis is
angiotensin II HbA1C closely in
and desired, e.g.,
diabetics and
noradrenaline, in acute patients with
and decreased pulmonary decompensated
production of edema. hepatic cirrhosis.
endogenous
natriuretic If Note: Excessive
hormones with gastrointesti dehydration is
vasoconstricting most likely to
nal
properties. It occur in older
also leads to
absorption is
impaired or adults, those with
increased chronic cardiac
production of oral
disease on
prostaglandins medication prolonged salt
with is not restriction, or
vasodilating practical for those receiving
properties. any reason, sympatholytic
Furosemide furosemide agents.
may also open
is indicated
potassium
channels in
by the
resistance intravenous
arteries. The or
main intramuscula
mechanism of r route.
action of
 furosemide is Parenteral
independent of use should
its inhibitory be replaced
effect on with oral
carbonic
furosemide
anhydrase and
aldosterone. as soon as
practical.

Generic Belongs to It is a potent It has a wide Dexamethasone use Diabetes, a Monitor and
Name: the class of glucocorticoid variety of uses is contraindicated if hormone report S&S of
Dexamethaso glucocorticoids, with very little, in the medical patients have disorder Cushing's
a type of if any, field. As a systemic fungal where the syndrome or
ne (Sodium
corticosteroid mineralocorticoi treatment, infections, body other systemic
Phosphate
hormone that is d activity. dexamethaso hypersensitivity to produces high adverse effects.
Injection, very effective at ne has been dexamethasone, or levels of
USP) reducing useful in cerebral malaria. cortisol called
Dexamethasone Monitor neonates
inflammation ’s effect on the treating acute Another Cushing’s born to a mother
Trade Name: and suppressing body occurs in a exacerbations contraindicated is to syndrome, who has been
Decadron the immune variety of ways. of multiple administer live or bleeding of receiving a
system. It works by sclerosis, live-attenuated the stomach corticosteroid
suppressing the allergies, vaccines during or intestines, during pregnancy
Patient Dose:
migration of cerebral dexamethasone use. osteoporosis, for symptoms of
0.05-0.20 edema, The immune system an infection
neutrophils and hypoadrenocortici
mg/kg body inflammation, will be suppressed, due to a
decreasing sm.
weight IM/IV lymphocyte and shock. placing the patient at fungus,
colony risk of infection. It is pheochromoc
Monitor for S&S
proliferation. Patients with still permissible to ytoma,
of a
The capillary conditions administer killed or pseudotumor
hypersensitivity
membrane such as inactivated vaccines. cerebri,
reaction. The
becomes less asthma, However, it bears glaucoma,
acetate and
permeable, as atopic and mentioning that rupture of
sodium
well. contact corticosteroids may tendons, an
phosphate
dermatitis, attenuate immune enlarged liver,
formulations may
and drug response, and it is fluid in the
Lysosomal contain bisulfites,
hypersensitivi unpredictable if lungs,
membranes parabens, or
ty reactions immunity develops. thrombophleb
have increased both; these
have itis,
stability. There inactive
benefited In patients with anaphylaxis,
are higher ingredients are
from cirrhosis, angioedema,
concentrations allergenic to some
dexamethaso diverticulitis, fat embolism,
of vitamin A individuals.
ne. myasthenia gravis, seizures, and
compounds in Make sure
renal insufficiency, or central serous
the serum, electrolytes and
ulcerative diseases chorioretinop
prostaglandin,  In BP are evaluated
such as peptic ulcer athy.
and some endocrinology during therapy at
cytokines , disease or ulcerative regular intervals.
(interleukin-1, dexamethaso colitis, it is important
interleukin-12, ne has been to use caution when
It is important to
interleukin-18, found useful prescribing
prevent patient
tumor necrosis as a test for dexamethasone.
exposure to
factor, Cushing infection, trauma,
interferon- syndrome.  Recommendations and sudden
gamma, and include using changes in
granulocyte- dexamethasone environmental
macrophage cautiously during factors, as much
Off-label indic
colony- pregnancy as there is as possible,
ations are as
stimulating an increased risk of because drug is
follows.
factor) become oral cleft formations. an
 inhibited. Dexamethaso immunosuppress
ne is useful in Clinical experience or.
Increased the treatment has shown that large
surfactant levels of doses can increase Report changes in
and improved chemotherap blood pressure. In appearance, easy
pulmonary y-induced patients with recent bruising, lack of
circulation have nausea and myocardial infarction, response to
also been vomiting. It is it is advised to medication or
shown with also used in caution as an increase malaise,
dexamethasone the in free wall rupture of orthostatic
prevention the left ventricle has hypotension,
and been reported using muscular
Dexamethasone
treatment of dexamethasone. weakness and
is metabolized
altitude pain, nausea,
by the liver and
sickness. vomiting,
excreted in the Suppression of the
urine mainly. hypothalamus- anorexia,
COVID-19 It has also pituitary-adrenal axis hypoglycemic
produces a seen use in (HPA axis) occurs with reactions, or
hyperinflammat the treatment use, and therefore mental
ory state. Hence of spinal cord the rapid withdrawal depression to
therapeutic compression of dexamethasone is anphysician.
effectiveness of due to not recommended. It These symptoms
dexamethasone metastases in is important to may signal
is likely due to oncological gradually increase hypoadrenocortici
the broad anti- cases. and decrease any sm.
inflammatory corticosteroid due to
activities of Dexamethaso its effect on the HPA
glucocorticoids. ne is axis.
recommende
 In a clinical trial d for severely Latent diseases such
of hospitalized ill patients as fungal (candida,
patients with with COVID- cryptococcus,
COVID-19, the 19 who are on pneumocystis),
use of supplemental parasitic
dexamethasone oxygen or (toxoplasmosis,
resulted in ventilatory amebiasis,
lower 28-day support; how strongyloides), and
mortality ever, clinician bacterial
among those s should not (mycobacterium,
receiving either use it to nocardia) infections
mechanical manage may become active
ventilation or patients with due to suppression of
oxygen. mild to the immune system.
moderate
COVID-19
Steroid use may
inhibit bone
formation and may
lead to the formation
of osteoporosis.
Therefore, caution is
necessary when
prescribing
dexamethasone to
populations at higher
risk for osteoporosis.