CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis.
Facilities provided may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to
large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator and other
kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat screen television, and en-suite
bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services
and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities
such as a swimming pool, business centre (with computers, printers, and other
office equipment), childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball
courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social function services. Hotel rooms
are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests
to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated
rooms. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In the
United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food and drinks to all guests
within certain stated hours (Roy Gallop, Fiducia (2003)).
Hotel Management System operates a global online hotel reservation system for
business and leisure travelers. To compete with the international e-marketplace, a
great deal of attention should pay towards the optimization of user requirements to
generate recommended hotel alternatives. In general sense, hotel management is the
way of maintaining different activities of a hotel where a number of staffs are
engaged to perform a number of these activities. At first let us take a glance to an
ordinary hotel. For hiring a room in this type of hotel, the client needs to meet with
the receptionist to collect the information of hotel facilities (Tolulope Reuben,
2014). After that he is to fill up the pro forma provided by the hotel authority, then
he has to pay the defined amount of money and is offered room key for his/her
rented room. He/she is then finishes the formalities a reception zone through these
undergoing customs. But client always wants greater privacy and reliable security.
Koolmanojwong et al. developed an intelligent e-marketplace for the tourism based
on fuzzy to serve the customers who wants to travel but has no idea about the
1
accommodation. This system is global in the sense that anyone can use this to find
the appropriate hotel according to his/her affordable means. The details of the hotel
management system include the franchising, casinos, health Spas, payroll, credit,
accounting control etc.
Hotel Booking system is a system that provides us to reserving rooms, checking
whether the rooms are vacant are or not etc. by using online browsing. This system
is very useful to all especially for business people.
For Business people they don’t have sufficient time for these then they can use these
types of online Hotel booking system. By this project we will reduce the faults in
bills of their expenditure and decrease time of delay to give the bills to the
customers. We can also save the bills of the customer. By this project we can also
include all the taxes on the bills according to their expenditures. It has a scope to
reduce the errors in making the bills.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
A good number of Business and leisure travelers find it difficult in Finding an
accommodation or a hotel after having reached a particular destination is quite time
consuming as well as expensive. This project work is therefore to put in place
online hotel booking system. A platform that allows travelers to book a hotel
located anywhere in the world and that too according to your tastes and preferences.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of this project is to design and implement an online Hotel booking
system that will enable Business and leisure travelers’ a platform to book a hotel
located anywhere in the world according to your tastes and preferences.
The specific objectives are;
1. To designed a website, an online Hotel booking system that will enable Business
and leisure travelers to book a hotel located anywhere in the world according to
your tastes and preferences.

2. To provide an online platform to manage on-desk and online bookings.

3. To provide a secure payment gateway for online transactions.

4. To improve quality services to customers.

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1.4 Significance of Study
Booking hotel with agent manually is a time consuming process, in this situation
internet provides the best way to book a room in a hotel, it discovers the more
information about the hotel which is situated in a particular area and also select
hotel according to your demands. This system will help reduce 70% of the time and
finances spent in Finding an accommodation or a hotel after having reached a
particular destination is quite time consuming as well as expensive.
It provides the easily and excellence whole word option to the customers, it is
highly informative, user friendly and provides quality services to the various
customers.
Booking hotel online consumes minimal time and effort of customers and also saves
money.
1.5 Scope of Study
This system is limited to designing and implementation of an online Hotel booking
system for Smile View Hotel Makurdi, where customers can make reservations for
available rooms, register with required details after reviewing the available rooms,
book, login, check in and checkout when the date is due and makes payments.
1.6 Definition of Terms
The key terms that need to be defined in the context of this research are:
Hotel: Is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis.
Booking: An act of reserving accommodation, a ticket, etc. in advance.
System: It simply refers to the collection of organized component/parts working
together to achieve a common goal.
Online: Computer or device connected to a network (such as internet) and ready to
use (or be used by) other computers or devices.
Real Time: Response that appears to take place instantaneously or in the same time
frame as its real world counterpart action.
Guest Id: A unique identifier assigned to a customer after making a reservation.
Transaction: Is the exchange of goods and services between two parties.
Banner: An advertisement or image displayed on one or more websites to attract
visitors to your site.
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Approach: To make an attempt at solving a problem or making a policy.
Credit Card: It is a card entitling its holder to buy goods and services from certain
system.
Bank Deposit: Consist of money placed into banking institutions for safekeeping.
These deposits are made to deposit accounts such as savings accounts, checking
accounts and
Money market accounts.

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Related Literature
The internet is widely used by many organization, institution and even for
personal use today, it has become a major trend because of the way it provides free
information exchange daily (Palmer, 1999). Over 400,000 networks in the world
today are communicating with each other (Napier, Rivers, Wagner and Judd, 2001).
The internet is also used to gather information regarding a place such as hotel and
even make reservation with that hotel online.
Online reservations are becoming a very popular method for booking rooms in a
hotel that operates online. This is the fastest way to contact and communicate with a
hotel (James, 2008). Mathew (2008) defined Online booking “as a tool to store,
publish and update the dynamic data availability and prices and additionally provide
the users with a regular reservation process”. Hotel reservation systems are an easy
prearrangement for guests to reserve a room or rooms directly via the internet once
availability is confirmed. This is a brilliant and efficient system yet is easy to use
compare to similar system software’s (Rivers, 2001). The online booking systems
grants both existing and prospective guest complete authority and power on the
hotel booking via the internet. This means that guest can have any special request,
make payment and get confirmed about their bookings within a short period of time.
(Wagner, 2001). Customers want an easy and simple way to connect to a hotel for
either enquiry or make a reservation. To do this, an online booking is needed
(James, 2010).
Many hotels usually use different online distribution channels in order to be more
present online and to attract many potential customers to their hotel but the most
profitable way to attract clients is for a hotel to have their own website. (Brain,
2012). When a hotel develops their own website, it can be used to promote their
products and services, attract more customers and also offer them the opportunity to
book a room directly on the website without other online channels. This way, hotels
do not have to pay online agencies any commission or other third parties because
there will be an accuracy in providing what the client online wants compare to these
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agencies (Matei, 2013). “Finding new ways to encourage clients to reserve rooms
directly on the hotel website should become a major strategic objective for hotels”
(Matei, 2013). Many customers believe when a company operates online they feel
more connected or safe with the company because it is the easy and fastest way of
communication between the customers and the hotel or any company that operates
online. Online booking systems supports most of the phases of making a reservation
and customers can directly make a secured payment to confirm their reservation
(Landvogt, 2004).
According to Abi (2010) short term base lodging is the main reason that a hotel has
been established. In the Philippines, wherein many foreign people go and have
vacation, hotel is always their first destination to have relaxation after long hours of
travel in an airplane. Because of the rapid increase of foreigners visiting the
Philippines for a vacation, a common sight is the establishments ad sophisticated
hotels for competitive advantage. As the result of the competition between different
hotels, various business strategies had been made to attract customers, such as
putting discounts, having beautiful and relaxing environment and above all having a
state of the art computer system and facilities. The current problem observed is the
manual guest list records, the manual reservation of guests, the manual booking of
rooms for the guests which takes a long time to accomplish.
Similar to the proponents study Smile View Hotel Markurdi still uses manual
process of reservation.
2.2 Computer-based Information System
According to Higgins (1976) defines computer-based information systems (CBIS)
as structured systems that rely on computer hardware and software technology to
collect process and store and distribute information. Information systems are
employed to support decision making and control in an organization. Information
system can also be used to analyze problems, visualize complex subjects and create
new products. Inputs, processing and output are the three activities in an
information system that produces the information an organization needs.

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2.2.1 Advantage of computer-based information system
Computer-based information systems have been in widespread use since the 1990s
in the industry, nonprofit organizations and government agencies. These system
provide fast, centralized access to databases of personnel information, reference
reading, best practices and on-the-job training, and are easily customizable to meet
an organization’s needs. With the internet and technology boom of the early 21st
century, use of computer-based information networks is growing faster each year.
Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995).
2.3 The UML
UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and
documenting the artifacts of software systems. UML was created by the Object
Management Group (OMG) and UML 1.0 specification draft was proposed to the
OMG in January 1997. OMG is continuously making efforts to create a truly
industry standard. UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is different
from the other common programming languages such as C++, Java, COBOL, etc. It
is a pictorial language used to make software blueprints. It can be described as a
general purpose visual modeling language to visualize, specify, construct, and
document software system. Although UML is generally used to model software
systems, it is not limited within this boundary. After some standardization, UML
has become an OMG standard. (Grady, James and Ivar, 1999).
2.3.1 Goals of UML
According to Grady, James and Ivar J. (1999), a picture is worth a thousand words,
this idiom absolutely fits describing UML. Object-oriented concepts were
introduced much earlier than UML. At that point of time, there were no standard
methodologies to organize and consolidate the object-oriented development. It was
then that UML came into picture. There are a number of goals for developing UML
but the most important is to define some general purpose modeling language, which
all modelers can use and it also needs to be made simple to understand and use.
UML diagrams are not only made for developers but also for business users,
common people, and anybody interested to understand the system. The system can
be a software or non-software system. Thus it must be clear that UML is not a
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development method rather it accompanies with processes to make it a successful
system. In conclusion, the goal of UML can be defined as a simple modeling
mechanism to model all possible practical systems in today’s complex environment.
2.4 Hotel Technology and Reservation System
According to Wardell (2012) discussed the nature of hotel reservations in the world
nowadays. According to the article, the lodging industry is the most under
automated segment of the international travel industry; reservations are often still
dealt with by hand. This lack of automation represents a serious point of weakness
concerning competition between hotel chains and hotel industry as a whole. In
addition, a successful reservation system requires a database inventory system that
when processed, a message is transmitted to the property in question with
information that the local guest info database should be updated. The study of David
Wardell helped the proponents to know the current trend in online reservations
system. The system also provides a well-organized and secured database so that it
can give guests an easy way to book reservations. The guests will also know about
the details beforehand because the system has a real time reservation check that
gives the guest exact information about the availability of each types of rooms,
amenities and facilities. This will not only help the guests to save their time and
effort but of the company too.
2.4.1 Hotel reservation systems
A hotel reservation system, commonly known as a central reservation system (CRS)
is a computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel, resort or
other lodging facilities (www.mindspeakit.com). A CRS offers assistance to
hoteliers to manage all of their online marketing and sales where they can upload
their rates and service availabilities to be seen by sales channels
(www.mindspeakit.com). The lists of main modules that are present in a CRS are:
Content, Information stored on a CRS and Reporting. Content consists of
Reservations, Profiles, etc.

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 CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
The methods, techniques and procedures used for the analysis and design of the
proposed Hotel Booking and reservation system; was done using the Object-Oriented
Analysis and Design (OOADM) methodology. The Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
(OOADM) methodology is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an
application, system, or business by applying the object-oriented paradigm and visual
modeling throughout the development life cycle for a better stakeholder communication
and product quality.
This research methodology will help to ensure that a thorough study of the present system
is effectively carried out thus aiding the researcher to completely understand the mode of
operation of the present system so as to know how the new system should be structured
and the functionalities needed in it to address the existing problems discovered.
This methodology will also point out if there should be a complete replacement of the
existing system or if only modification(s) should be made it. From the research carried
out, the existing system though is completely manual, but still doesn’t give the option of
absolute changeover, hence only parts of the existing system will be automated; and the
Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOADM)is adopted to create entirely a new
system.
3.0.1 Method of data collection
A detailed investigation of the operational and functional requirements of the
existing system was carried out to establish a decision on whether the aims and
objectives of the system are being met was made in order to obtain establishing
facts about the system to be re-designed. Direct observation and investigation of
documents from the internet and library was carried out.
3.1 System Analysis
Systems analysis is a problem solving technique that decomposes a system into its
component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work
and interact to accomplish their purpose.

9
The development of a new information system involves several different, but related
activities. These activities, or phases, usually include planning, analysis, design,
implementation, and maintenance/support.
The limitations and disadvantages of the existing manual system are overwhelming.
These problems include difficulty in finding an accommodation or a hotel after
having reached a particular destination is quite time consuming as well as expensive
and also is difficult to keep proper record of Guests.
This new automated system will ensure effective and efficient means of Hotel
Booking and reservation; online hotel booking is one of the awesome facilities of
the internet. Booking a hotel online is not only fast as well as convenient but also
very cheap. The system comprises of the online customer which are the Business
and leisure travelers which make online reservation them and the Human Resource
manager (Receptionist). Only registered members can have the opportunity to Make
reservation or book any room.
3.1.1 Description of the existing system
In the manual hotel booking and reservation, room reservations were usually done
manually where customers can book or make any room reservation that is according
to their tastes and preferences by physically being at the hotel and checking of Price
of Rooms where customer check the price of rooms and he/she being physically
present at the hotel he can also observe the environment at some point, even
negotiate for the price of the rooms that she/he wish to book, if the facilities did not
meet or meet the amount requested before he/she will proceed with the booking
process.
3.1.1.1 Advantages of the existing system
Here only nearby customer that can make bookings, because of the facilities visible
to them and all categories of customers both illiterate and literate participate in the
manual system with easy understanding.
3.1.1.2 Limitations of the existing system
1. Limited customers thereby rendering some rooms to be vacant.
2. Customers must be present must before booking a room.

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3.1.2 Description of the New System
The proposed system is Hotel Booking and Reservation System, it’s a system that
will enable Customers Book/reserve any room according to their tastes and
preferences on the web anywhere across the globe who has the requirement of
Internet can just visit the site, check for the available rooms and book. The
processes of the Hotel Booking and Reservation System are that, after the program
is deployed on the server and run on the browser where it will load the home page.
An intending Customer will click the “Register” button where the Customers’
registration page will be loaded and is done by filling the form provided for the
registration with a mandatory username and password which is stored in the
database and can be used to log into the system.
3.1.2.1 Advantages of the new system
This system will save time in the sense that, a customer will know if a room is
vacant before going to the hotel. Customers will book the hotel room at home and
be sure before arrival, it will Increase the number of available Costumers at no cost
thereby raising the market potential and will reduce the number of stranded
Business men/Leisure travelers that are new in Makurdi every time, due to non-
access to online hotel.
This system will eliminate middle men in hotel room reservation price discussion
thereby yielding more profit to the Hotel Management and it will enhance market
access.
3.2 System Design
System design is the process of defining the elements of a system such as the
architecture, modules and components, the different interfaces of those components
and the data that goes through that system. It is meant to satisfy specific needs and
requirements of a business or organization through the engineering of a coherent
and well-running system.
3.2.1 Input design
Input design facilitates the entry of data into the computer system. It involves the
selection of the best strategy for getting data into the computer system as accurate as

11
possible. Input design must capture all the data that the system needs, without
introducing any error.

Hotel Booking

Hotel Information

Hotel Booking/Reservation
System Request cancelation

Add rooms

Figure 3.1: Input Design for Online Hotel Booking and Reservation System.

3.3 Proposed System Modeling

Modeling a system is the process of abstracting and organizing significant features
of the system would look like. Modeling is the designing of the software
applications before coding. Unified Modeling Language (UML) tools were used in
modeling this system.
The Unified modeling language is an object-oriented system notation that provides
a set of modeling conventions that is used to specify or describe a software system
in terms of objects. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become an object
modeling standard and adds a variety of techniques to the field of systems analysis
and development hence its choice for this project. UML offers ten different
diagrams to model a system.
3.3.1 Activity diagram
The following activity diagram in fig 3.2 shows the activities that occur during a
particular use-case where the customer can make reservation enquiry, check for
available rooms, make reservation and make payments if suitable room is available
to be booked.

12
 Figure 3.2. Activity Diagram for Online Hotel Booking and Reservation
System.
3.3.2 Data Flow Diagram
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data
through an information system, modeling its process aspects. A DFD shows what
kind of information will be input to and output from the system, where the data will
come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It shows the flow of data
between various functions of system and specifies how the current system is
implemented. The fig 3.3 shows the availability of new rooms, new staff ,the
management of the admin ,the login and logout process with valid details,
management of the various rooms and all other process the proposed system is to
handle.

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 New Room
New Staff Manage Admin

Hotel Booking/ Reservation

System

Login
Manage Room

Manage Amenities
Logout

Manage Reservation

Figure 3.3: Data Flow Diagram for Online Hotel Booking and reservation
system.
3.4 Process Design
The activity of determining the workflow, equipment needs and implementation
requirements for a particular process. Process design typically uses some numbers
of tools which includes flowcharting; process simulation software’s and scale
models.
3.4.1 Use case diagram
Use case diagrams describe what a system does from the standpoint of an external
observer. The emphasis of use case diagrams is on what a system does rather than
how. They are used to show the interactions between users of the system and the
system. A use case represents the several users called actors and the different ways
in which they interact with the system. Here the users can login after a successful
registration so that he or she can be able to make reservations and logout after a
successful booking of the available rooms, and the admin who must login to ensure
that the rooms and reservation process are well managed The use case diagram of
the system is shown in the Figure 3.4.
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 Create new room

Manage rooms

Manage amenities

Manage
reservation

Generate reports

User
Book rooms

logout

Print reservation
Admin

login

Figure 3:4: Use case diagram for online Hotel Booking and Reservation
System
3.4.2 Class Diagram
The UML class diagram is used for capturing the static relationships between
different structural elements. Figure 3.5 depicts the diagram of the proposed
system. Once registered, with the necessary attributes user can login by
providing an authentic username and password. The user can perform operation
of booking rooms from the list of available rooms, making payment etc and one
user is related to many rooms and one method of payment while the admin who
ensures that the booking process is carried out is associated with many users and

15
must login with the unique username and password before carrying out the
required operations like validating a customer, room checking etc.

Admin
Customer
-id
- Name
-password
- Contact
+ allow ()
- Phone number
+Deny () 0*..
- Address
+validate _ customer () 1
+ Billing ()
+Room _checking ()
+ Signing ()
+ Report_ generating
+ Room cancel ()
+ Room selection ()

1
1
Room Payment
Payment
- Room _ type
-Room _ status - Total _charges

- Payment _info

+ Bill generate ()
Delux Luxury
Suit
-Room_ no - Room _no - Room _no

Figure 3.5: Class Diagram for Online Hotel Booking and Reservation
System.
3.4.3 System flowchart
A flowchart is an algorithm, a workflow or a process, showing the steps as
boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. The
diagram fig 3.6 represents a solution model to login module where the user must
register before login in other to access the booking process, and other
operations, else the user won’t be able to login, and the admin is available in
other to perform its admin functions.

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 Start

Login

No Login details
Correct?
yes

Register No Logged In Yes

Customer?

Check rooms/ Other

Activities e.g booking,
Admin Functions payments etc

Stop

Figure 3.6: Flowchart Diagram for Online Hotel Booking and Reservation
System. 17
3.5 Output Design
This represents the way information will be presented to the user. In other
words, it deals with designing the basic information that will be communicated
from the system to the external world. It is also the reports generated by the
system to the users of the system.

17
 Room information

Hotel Print billing details

booking/Reservation
System

Available rooms

Figure 3.7: Output Design for Online Hotel Booking and Reservation
System.

3.6 Database Design

Here, the various entities with their corresponding attributes and data types, as
well as the relationships among them were defined base on the user
requirements. It also involves the construction of an entity data model for the
system. Figure 3.8 shows the relationship between different entities of the
proposed system database and shows how the entities relate with one another
where the guest fills his or details to become a customer, request room from the
list of available room, book and make reservation with checking and check out
information’s and one guest can request or book many rooms at the same time
but they can only be one reservation for one room.

18
 Figure 3.8: Entity Relationship for Online Hotel Booking and Reservation
System.
3.7 Database table
A database is a data structure that stores and organizes information. Most
databases contains multiple tables, which may include several different fields
(Christenson, P. 2009) .A well designed database facilitates data management
and becomes a valuable information generator. The following relations are
carefully designed to suit the requirement of the system.

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 Table 3.1: Users account Table

Field Name Data Type

Account_id Integer (11) Auto increment, primary key

Account name Varchar (225)

Account username Varchar (225)
Password Text
Account type Varchar (30)

Table 3.2: Amenities Table

Field Name Data Type

Amen_id Integer (100) Autoincrement,

primary key
Amen_name Varchar (100)
Amen_desp Varchar (100)
Amen_image Varchar (100)

Table 3.3: Guest Table

Field Name Data type
Guest_id Integer (30) Autoincrement, primary key
First_name Varchar (30) foreign key
Last_name Varchar (30)
Country Varchar (30)
City Varchar (30)
Address Varchar (30)
Zip Varchar (30)
Phone Varchar (30)
e-mail Varchar (30)
Password Varchar (30)

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 Table 3.4: tblogs Table

Field Name Data Type

Login Integer (11) Autoincrement, primary key
User_id Integer (11)
Logdatetime Date
Logrole Varchar (30)
Logmole Varchar (30)

Table 3.5: Reservation table

Field name Data type

Reservation_id Integer (11) Autoincrement, primary key
Room_no Integer (50)
Guest_id Integer (11) foreign key
Arrival Varchar (30)
Departure Varchar (30)
Adult Integer (11)
Child Integer (11)
Payable Integer (11)
Status Varchar (11)
Booked Date
Confirmation Varchar (20)

Table 3.6 Room Table

Field Name Data Type

Room_no Integer (50) Autoincrement, primary key

21
Type_Id Integer (50)
Room_name Varchar (50)
Price Varchar (50)
Adult Integer (50)
Child Integer (50
Room_image Integer (200)

22
 Table 3.7: Room Type Table Field

Name Data Type

Type_id Integer (50) Autoincrement, primary key
Type_Name Varchar (50)
Desp Text

3.8 Choice of Programming Language

The system was developed using PHP Data Object (an object-oriented/
procedural programming language) at the back end with MYSQL (Structured
Query Language), a relational database management system used in designing
the database also at the back end. PHP PDO has an IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) for Rapid Application Development (RAD). The front end is the
graphical user interface in which the systems users use to interact with the back
end it was designed using Sublime Text, a text editor used for front end web
pages development. It contains visual tools, menus used to view, navigate and
manipulate records in the database. The back end contains the database where all
records are stored. It contains database tables, queries and data manipulation
tools.

3.9 Design Tools

Tools enable Rapid Application Development (RAD) thereby increasing
productivity. Most of the framework communities and vendors provide some
kind of IDE plug-in technology-based tools to help in development. However,
this plug-in support is limited to one or two IDE at most. A number of tools are
worth a look when building your java web project. These include testing tools,
profiling tools, UML modeling tools, IDEs and more. This section explains the
tools used in the development of the multi-level security and log management
system. Application Server: WildFly version 10.1.0.Final server was used for
application deployment and testing.

23
 i. Graphical User Interface Development Tools: Sublime Text was also used for the
design, styling and development of the web pages.
ii. Unified Modeling Language modeling tools. During the system modeling
process, star UML was used because it is an open source project to develop fast,
flexible, extensible, feature, and freely-available UML/MDA platform running on
Win32 platform.
iii. Data Base Server: The Project utilizes MYSQL database server for data
persistence and retrieval.
iv. Query: This is a JavaScript library used to DOM manipulation by adding some
dynamicity to the front end of the web pages.
v. Bootstrap: It is a CSS library used for styling the pages.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT
4.1 System Implementation
The software at this stage has been developed using PHP technology to meet the
design requirements. It can be accessed by the means of any device that has a
valid web browser and a functional internet connection from anywhere in the
globe at any point in time.
4.2 System Requirements
This system requires hardware, software, people and the internet which enable
the system to work.
4.3 Software Requirements
Software is a set written instruction or codes used by a computer to facilitate their
operation and utilization. It gives the computer the capability of carrying out task
assigned by the user. A computer without software is like a car without engine. It
also refers to the software that will be installed into the system to enable it
perform a specific task. And they are:
 Microsoft windows operating system

 MYSQL (database) and php interpreter

 Finally, the system requires a host

Xampp and local host server.
For people are, the people that have been working with the old system can be
trained in the use of the new system because of experience. A cooling system
should also be provided for the computers, the dedicated server system running
the software and workers in order to avoid damage and accident.

25
4.4 Hardware Requirements
Hardware is the physical equipment or component that makes up a computer
system. It refers to the physical interface of the component that can be seen and
touched. Every software has a maximum hard ware requirement needed for it
operation which consist of the following; Pentium iii processor of atleast
700MHZ, 512MB of RAM. It also needs a 3.5” FDDL with SVGA monitor,
mouse and pad, enhanced keyboard. There is also need for external storage
devices for backup.
4.5 Justification of the Programming Language Used
The system was developed using PHP, HTML, Java Script and CSS to achieve
optimum logic driven web based application that would enable interaction
between the users, the database and makes the content of the website to be
dynamically drive. MySQL database server was utilized because it runs on many
operating systems and supports large database, it is customizable and
inexpensive. The source code of this system can be seen at APPENDIX of this
documentation.
4.6 Result
The output achieved after this project work was successfully carried out, outputs
like my homepage, rooms and rates, registration form, billing details etc. as been
shown by the respective figures below.
Fig 4.1 is the interface of the home page where the customer get to know about
the company mission and vision and check for room availability by inputting the
checking and checkout date with other details before getting to know if the
requested room is available or not before proceeding with the registration for
reservation and booking and it also displays the featured rooms in the hotel.

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Fig 4.1 HOMPAGE

Fig 4.2 GALLERY

The fig 4.2 is the gallery interface where the customer views different amenities the
hotel has, amenities like swimming pool, sports bar, the gym, kitchen, balcony etc

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Fig 4.3 ROOM AND RATES

Fig 4.3 is the interface that displays various room and their rates according to the
checking and check out date, the number of adult and children as inputted by the
customer before the customer can continue with the booking process.

Fig4.4 SELECTED ROOM BOOKING CART

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The figure 4.4 displays the booking cart for the selected room displaying the room type,
checking and checkout date , number of nights to be spent, price per night and the total
amount in cases of more than one night, with room number.

Fig4.5 PERSONAL REGISTRATION DETAILS

The figure 4.5 displays where the customer fills their personal details in compliance
with the hotel requirements and to enable the customer login as a customer and make
payments.

FIG 4.6 BILLING DETAILS

29
Figure 4.6 interface shows the customer their billing details and methods of payment
available.

Fig 4.7 RESERVATION DETAILS

Figure 4.7 displays the reservation details for the customer and provides a unique
reservation number for the customer after a successful payment.

Fig 4.8 ADMIN LOGIN PAGE

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Fig 4.8 displays the admin login page that manages all the booking and reservation
processes.

Fig 4.9 ADMIN PANEL/DASHBORD

Fig 4.9 interface shows all the operations the admin performs during the
reservation and booking process, which includes checking in and checking out a
customer when the date is due, adding new rooms and latest amenities etc.
4.7 Maintenance
This is an ongoing process after implementation, its purpose being to ensure that
the system continues to provide the desired services as planned. The user may
make change to give the system additional capabilities. Since the computer
industry is rapidly changing, where new versions of software come out in quick
succession, maintenance would have to be carried out. This maintenance includes
upgrading the installation and modifying the current version to confirm to new
industry standards. File maintenance would also include updating and expanding
the database files, modifying the file structure to accommodate changes in the
information requirement of the establishment.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary
This project provides an analysis and to further develop of the ongoing websites
which is a Hotel Booking and Reservation System. Methods or techniques that
was used in developing the website was included, registration of the customer,
booking and then change/update for the customer. The admin who also does
booking, update the Varchar on reservation if the customer wishes to change
something and then view the record. Upon developing the website we added
more function in the website. There were also limitations in this project one of
this is the payment method used in the reservation which is only a simulation.
5.2 Conclusion
In conclusion, this work has been able to address the issues customers and hotels
face when making a reservation using a manual booking system by developing an
online booking system for clients to make reservation at their own comfort. It has
also discussed on the past studies of online booking and the integration of the
internet by hotels to connect more to their customers. It has discussed on the
types of method used to gather the requirements needed, the type of development
methodology selected for the research and how UML diagrams were created to
show the interface of the system. A detailed description of pages on the website
was discussed and the types of evaluation used to evaluate the website.
5.3 Recommendation
It is highly recommended that the system in the near future be developed once
more to lift its usage and eventually create innovations in the business it belongs.
It can also be used by the future programmers to give idea and help to create
another system.

32
 REFERENCE
Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., & Jacobson, I. (1999). The Unified Modeling Language User
Guide. Atlanta: Addison-Wesley. Pp 23-40.

Roy, G., & Fiducia, E. (2003). Coaching Era: The Stage and Mail Coach Travel in and
Around Bath. Bristol: Somerset. Pp 100-165

Napier, H., Judd, P., Rivers, O., & Wagner, S. (2001). Create a Winning E-business
Learning. Boston: Thomsom.

Ogirima, O., & Sanni, A. (2014). Online computerized Hotel Management System.
Atlanta: Wells Jackon. Pp 56-99

Koolmanojwong, S. (2000). Analysis and Design of B to C E-Marketplace for Tourism

with UML . Bangkok, Thailand: Addison-Wesley. Pp 200-245

Palmer, J. (1999). Digital newspapers explore marketing on the Internet,

Communications.
Georgia: Frank Willson . Pp 33-40.

Pant, S., & Hsu, C. (1995). Strategic Information Systems Planning: A Review,
Information Resources Management Association International Conference.
Atlanta: Thompson. Pp 234-344 35

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 APPENDIX: SOURCE CODE

<div class="container">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9">
<!--<div class="jumbotron">-->
<nav aria-label="breadcrumb">
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li class="breadcrumb-item" active" aria-current="page" >Step 1: Select Dates</li>
<li class="breadcrumb-item"><a>Step 2: Select Dates</a></li>
</ol>
</nav>
<div class="">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-body">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12">
<fieldset>
<legend><h2 class="text-left">Company Mission</h2></legend>
<p>Provide our guests a unique experience, through which they connect with the best in
our company, and to offer top quality service to our entire guest and provided comfort
abundance.</p>
</fieldset>
<fieldset>
<legend><h2 class="text-left">Company Vision</h2></legend>
<p>Smile View Hotel is to provide best quality of services applying top quality
guest house and conference facilities, in order to fulfill the best way in the relevant
needs of every guest.</p>
</fieldset>
<fieldset>
<legend><h2 class="text-left">About</h2></legend>
It was well renovated with 14 air conditioned rooms, Hot and Cold Shower, Cable
Television and WIFI area.
</fieldset>
<br/><br/><br/><br/>
<fieldset>
<legend><h2 class="text-left">Featured Rooms</h2></legend>

34
<?php
$mydb->setQuery("SELECT *,typeName FROM room ro, roomtype rt WHERE
ro.typeID = rt.typeID");
$cur = $mydb->loadResultList();
foreach($cur as $room){
$image = WEB_ROOT . 'admin/mod_room/'.$room->roomImage;
echo '<div style=" float:left; margin:7px;">';
echo '<a href="'.$image.'" rel="prettyPhoto[mwaura]"><img src="'.$image.'"
width="100px" height="120px"
style="-webkit-border-radius:5px; -moz-border-radius:5px;" title="'.$room-
>roomName.'" alt="'.$room->roomName.'" >
<br>'.$room->roomName.'<br>'.$room->typeName.'</a>';
echo'</div>';
}
?>
</fieldset>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- </div>-->
</div>
<!--/span-->
<!--Sidebar-->
<?php include'sidebar.php';?>
</div> <?php
require_once("includes/initialize.php");
$content='home.php';
$view = (isset($_GET['page']) && $_GET['page'] != '') ? $_GET['page'] : '';
switch ($view) {
case '1' :
$title="Home";
$content='home.php';
break;
case '2' :

35
$title="Gallery";
$content ='gallery.php';
break;
case '3' :
$title="About Us";
$content = 'about.php';
break;
case '4' :
$title="Contacts";
$content ='contact.php';
break;
case '5' :
$title="Room Rates";
$content='rates.php';
break;
case '7' :
$title="Location";
$content ='sitemap.php';
break;
default :
$title="Home";
$content ='home.php';
}
require_once 'theme/template.php';
?>
<?php
require_once("includes/initialize.php");
// Four steps to closing a session
// (i.e. logging out)
// 1. Find the session
// session_start();
$sql="INSERT INTO `tbllogs` (`USERID`, `LOGDATETIME`, `LOGROLE`,
`LOGMODE`)
VALUES (".$_SESSION['guest_id'].",'".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."','Guest','Logged out')";
$mydb->setQuery($sql);

36
// 2. Unset all the session variables
unset($_SESSION['guest_id']);
unset($_SESSION['name']);
unset($_SESSION['last']);
unset($_SESSION['country']);
unset($_SESSION['city']);
unset($_SESSION['address']);
unset($_SESSION['zip']);
unset($_SESSION['phone']);
unset($_SESSION['email']);
unset($_SESSION['pass']);
unset($_SESSION['from']);
unset($_SESSION['to']);
/** * write_mysql_log($message, $db)
*
* Author(s): thanosb, ddonahue
* Date: May 11, 2008
*
* Writes the values of certain variables along with a message in a database.
*
* Parameters:
* $message: Message to be logged
* $db: Object that represents the connection to the MySQL Server
*
* Returns array:
* $result[status]: True on success, false on failure
* $result[message]: Error message
*/
// 4. Destroy the session
//session_destroy();
redirect(WEB_ROOT ."index.php?logout=1");
?>

37