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Such As Embedded Computers in Devices and Automobiles
Such As Embedded Computers in Devices and Automobiles
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
2 Some OSs has little or no user interface, such as embedded system in mainframe. [ X ]
Some OSs has little or no user interface, such as embedded computers in devices and automobiles
5 Solid-state disk (SSD) is volatile storage device and it is faster than hard disk. [ X ]
6 Bootstrap is a program that stored in RAM and it loads OS kernel to start execution. [ X ]
Bootstrap is a program that stored in ROM and it loads OS kernel to start execution
8 DMA is standing for Direct Memory Access and transferring data block without CPU [ ✓ ]
intervention.
Computer resources are CPU cycles, Main Memory y, file storage, I/O devices.
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
20 Distributes subsets of the same data across multiple cores, same operation on each I [ ✓ ]
type of data parallelism
23 Two-level Model is similar to Many-to-Many Model except that it allows a user thread [ ✓ ]
to be bound to kernel thread.
Q2: Answer the following questions based on your knowledge and understanding (short answer)
A program that acts as an intermediary between user of computer and the computer
hardware
2 List the components of Computer System; give some examples for each component.
2-opreting system >> MS windows, Mac OS and chrome OS also fedora and free BSD
3-Aplication program>> like word processor compilers, assembler and database browser
video gam
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
Kernel the essential core of OS that runs all time while the computer is on.
Bootstrap the part of OS that loaded at start-up or reboot and it is initializes all aspects of
system including Kernel.
1-regesters
2-cache
3-main memory
5-Hard disk
6-optical disk
7-Mangnetic tapes
5 What is the main difference between multiprogramming and multitasking OS? Why the
response time should be less than one second in multitasking OS?
➢ Multiprogramming organizes jobs (code and data) so CPU always has one to execute
➢ Multitasking is logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so frequently that users
can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing
➢ it work by Provides ability to distinguish when system is running user code or kernel
code
7 What is the difference between protection and security? Support your answer by examples.
➢ Protection – any mechanism for controlling access of processes or users to resources
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
1- Linked List
3- Hash function
4- Bitmap
9 List four types of Computing Environments; give two examples for each.
1-Traditional :Portals provide web access to internal systems، Network computers (thin
clients) are like Web terminals and Mobile computers interconnect via wireless network
File-server system provides interface for clients to store and retrieve files
Emulation used when source CPU type different from target type (i.e. PowerPC to Intel x86);
11 What is the relation between virtualization and cloud computing environments? List the
services of cloud computing; give some examples for each service.
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
12 Define the distributed computing and list the types of networking according to geographical
criteria.
distributed computing Collection of separate, possibly heterogeneous, systems networked
together
types of Network
13 List three types of System Calls; give some examples for each type.
2- File management: create file, delete file, open, close file, read, write, reposition, get and
set file attributes
3- Device management: request device, release device, read, write, reposition, get device
attributes, set device attributes, logically attach or detach devices
14 List all types of system programs; give two examples for each type.
➢ File manipulation
➢ Communications
➢ Background services: Provide facilities like disk checking, process scheduling, error
logging, printing
15 What are the types of structures used to design OS? Give an example for each if available.
➢ Layered – an abstraction
➢ Microkernel -Mach
➢ More secure
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
21 What is the relation between passive and active entity? When the program becomes process?
➢ program counter
process control block is Information associated with each process (also called task control
block)
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
➢ Accounting information – CPU used, clock time elapsed since start, time limits
➢ I/O status information – I/O devices allocated to process, list of open files
➢ Ready queue: set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to
execute
27 Briefly, explain the differences among short-term, medium-term, and long-term scheduling.
➢ Short-term: selects which process should be executed next and allocates CPU.
➢ Long term: elects which processes should be brought into the ready queue.
because the system does no useful work while switching. ... Context switching is overhead
because it is cycles (time) that the processor is being used but no user code is executing, so no
directly productive computing is getting done.
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
Cooperating process can affect or be affected by other processes, including sharing data.
Information sharing
Computation speedup
Modularity
Convenience
Shared memory
Message passing
Sockets
Remote procedure call (RPC) abstracts procedure calls between processes on networked
systems
Pipes
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Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
10
Republic of Yemen الجمهورية اليمنية
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي
International University of Technology Twintech جامعة تونتك الدولية للتكنولوجيا
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