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Business Process Model and Notation

Quick Reference Guide

Activities Events

edit procure
order goods

Tasks Subprocesses Start events Intermediate events End events


are activities that represent collapsed initiate a process represent conditions/ complete the re­
represent indi­ details for one instance. milestones in the spective process
vidual steps within task within multiple process. instances.
a process. steps.

Connecting Objects Artifacts

Associations Sequence flows Message flows Data objects IT Systems


combine data connect events, represent commu­ represent files or represent certain
objects and arti­ gateways, tasks, nication and inter­ documents, which systems, which are
facts with other and subtasks. actions between are used to com­ utilized to execute
elements. pools. plete activities. activities.

Gateways Swimlanes
Lane
Pool
Lane

Exclusive Gateways Inclusive Gateways Parallel Gateways Event-based Gate- Swimlanes


(XOR) are used when (OR) are used if one (AND) activate all ways are used if Responsibilities can
several conditions or more conditions outgoing branches the ongoing process be divided into pools
are mutually exclu­ are possible. Depend­ simultaneously. flow depends on and lanes. Pools re­
sive and only one ing on the number of They wait for all in­ the occurrence of an present an organiza­
selection is possible conditions, the merg­ coming branches to event. The process tion, lanes show
e.g. “yes” or “no”. ing gateway waits for be completed be­ will continue with working groups or
all possible incoming fore continuing the the first occurring individuals.
branches. sequence flow. event.

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