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 Coulomb's law

F1 F2
+q1 +q2
r

F1 F2
-q1 -q2
Absolute permittivity
of free space
F2 F2
-q2 +q2
The Force of Interaction Always Acts
along Line Joining the Charges
 A charge of 4 𝜇C is to be divided into two. The distance between the
two divided charges is constant. The magnitude of the divided
24 July - shift 1 charges so that the force between them is maximum, will be:
2022

A 1 𝜇C and 3 𝜇C

B 2 𝜇C and 2 𝜇C

C 0 and 4 𝜇C

D 1.5 𝜇C and 2.5 𝜇C

 A charge of 4 𝜇C is to be divided into two. The distance between the
two divided charges is constant. The magnitude of the divided
24 July - shift 1 charges so that the force between them is maximum, will be:
2022

A 1 𝜇C and 3 𝜇C

B 2 𝜇C and 2 𝜇C

C 0 and 4 𝜇C

D 1.5 𝜇C and 2.5 𝜇C

 Two identical charged particles each having a mass 10 g and charge
2.0 × 10-7 C are placed on a horizontal table with a separation of L
between then such that they stay in limited equilibrium. If the
24 June - shift 2 coefficient of friction between each particle and the table is 0.25,
2022 find the value of L. [Use g = 10 ms-2]

A 12 cm

B 10 cm

C 8 cm

D 5 cm
 Two identical charged particles each having a mass 10 g and charge
2.0 × 10-7 C are placed on a horizontal table with a separation of L
between then such that they stay in limited equilibrium. If the
24 June - shift 2 coefficient of friction between each particle and the table is 0.25,
2022 find the value of L. [Use g = 10 ms-2]

A 12 cm

B 10 cm

C 8 cm

D 5 cm
 The three charges q/2, q and q/2 are placed at the cornersof a
square of side ‘a’ as shown if figure. The magnitude of electric field
(E) at the comer C of the square, is:
28 June - shift 1
2022

D
 The three charges q/2, q and q/2 are placed at the corners of a
square of side ‘a’ as shown if figure. The magnitude of electric field
(E) at the comer C of the square, is:
28 June - shift 1
2022

D
 wo electrons each are fixed at a distance '2d'. A third charge proton
placed at the midpoint is displaced slightly by a distance x (x << d)
perpendicular to the line joining the two fixed charges. Proton will
[2021 (Online) execute simple harmonic motion having angular frequency :
24th Feb
Evening Shift] (m = mass of charged particle)

D
 wo electrons each are fixed at a distance '2d'. A third charge proton
placed at the midpoint is displaced slightly by a distance x (x << d)
perpendicular to the line joining the two fixed charges. Proton will
[2021 (Online) execute simple harmonic motion having angular frequency :
24th Feb
Evening Shift] (m = mass of charged particle)

D
Electric Field

The Reason Behind the Interactive Forces

between charges is Electric Field.

It is the region around a charge in which

it’s Force Can be experienced by another
charge.
Electric Field

Mathematically Electric Field is

defined as

Force Experienced per Unit Test

Charge.

E = F/q
Electric Field

F Qq
p q

r Q
+Q q

Q ( +1)
 Two point charges A and of magnitude +8×10-6C and -8×10-6C
respectively are placed at distance d apart. The electric field at the
middle point O between the charges is 6.4 × 104 NC-1. The distance ‘d’
28 June - shift 2 between the point charges A and B is :
2022

A 2.0 m

B 3.0 m

C 1.0 m

D 4.0 m
 Two point charges A and of magnitude +8×10-6C and -8×10-6C
respectively are placed at distance d apart. The electric field at the
middle point O between the charges is 6.4 × 104 NC-1. The distance ‘d’
28 June - shift 2 between the point charges A and B is :
2022

A 2.0 m

B 3.0 m

C 1.0 m

D 4.0 m
Find Null point

4Q 9Q
For system of like charges null point lies is middle region
from charge of smaller magnitude lies at
Field on Axis of charged ring

O
Field due to uniformly charged non-conducting infinite sheet

P
 In the figure, a very large plane sheet of positive charge is shown, P1
and P2 are two points at distance l and 2l from the charge
distribution. If 𝜎 is the surface charge density then the magnitude of
25 June - shift 1 electric fields E1 and E2 at P1 and P2 respectively are:
2022

A E1 = 𝜎/𝜀0, E2 = 𝜎/𝜀0,

B E1 = 2𝜎/𝜀0, E2 = 𝜎/𝜀0,

C E1 = E2 = 𝜎/2𝜀0,

D E1 = E2 = 𝜎/𝜀0,
 In the figure, a very large plane sheet of positive charge is shown, P1
and P2 are two points at distance l and 2l from the charge
distribution. If 𝜎 is the surface charge density then the magnitude of
25 June - shift 1 electric fields E1 and E2 at P1 and P2 respectively are:
2022

A E1 = 𝜎/𝜀0, E2 = 𝜎/𝜀0,

B E1 = 2𝜎/𝜀0, E2 = 𝜎/𝜀0,

C E1 = E2 = 𝜎/2𝜀0,

D E1 = E2 = 𝜎/𝜀0,
Field due to uniform spherical Shell
Field due to Solid sphere
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL OF POINT CHARGE

w
v= ext
q ∞

+1
q
+Q
r p
Electrical Potential due to a system of charges
 identical drops are charged at 22V each. They combine to form a
bigger drop. The potential of the bigger drop will be ______ V.
25 June - shift 2
2022
Potential due to uniformly charged ring

O
Potential due to uniformly charged ring
Potential at axis:

O
Potential due to uniform spherical Shell
Potential due to uniform spherical Shell

KQ/R KQ/R
• Vin

O
R KQ/r
•

•
V ∝ 1/r

Graphical representation : r
R
Potential due to uniform sphere
Potential due to uniform sphere
KQ/R

O
KQ/r

V
Parabola(𝛼 r2)

Hyperbola(𝛼 1/r)

R r
 PE of system of charges

1. For two charges:

2. For more than 2 charges:

Here PE energy is written by writing the

number of unique pairs.
 Relation
between Field
&
Potential
There are 2 Possible Cases
If E given & V needs to be calculated
 A non-uniform electric field is given as . Find
potential difference between points A(2, 5, -3) and B (9, -3.1 )
2019 Adv
If V given & E needs to be calculated

● If V given as a function of x, y and z

 If the electric potential at any point (x, y, z)m in space is given by
V = 3x2 volt. The electric field at the point (1, 0, 3) m will be:
29 June - shift 2
2022

A 3 Vm-1, directed along positive x-axis.

B 3 Vm-1, directed along negative x-axis.

C 6 Vm-1, directed along positive x-axis.

D 6 Vm-1, directed along negative x-axis.

 If the electric potential at any point (x, y, z)m in space is given by
V = 3x2 volt. The electric field at the point (1, 0, 3) m will be:
29 June - shift 2
2022

A 3 Vm-1, directed along positive x-axis.

B 3 Vm-1, directed along negative x-axis.

C 6 Vm-1, directed along positive x-axis.

D 6 Vm-1, directed along negative x-axis.

ELECTRIC DIPOLE

p 0
-q +q

2a

Electric dipole moment

p = q (2a)
 FIELD OF DIPOLE
At equatorial point

p
-q +q
0
2l At axial point
Dipole in uniform external field
 Two electric dipoles of dipole moments 1.2 × 10-30 cm and 2.4 × 10-30
cm are placed in two difference uniform electric fields of strengths 5
104 NC-1 and 15 × 104 NC-1 respectively. The ratio of maximum torque
experienced by the electric dipoles will be 1/x. The volume of x is ___
28 July - shift 1
2022
.
Electric flux
The total number of electric field lines
Passing through a Surface is Called as Electric
Flux
Uniform Electric Field

A
Non uniform field or irregular surface

𝞍= ∫ E . dA
S

dA
E
dA
dA

dA
+Q

S
Gauss law
The Net Electric flux through any closed surface is
equal to
1/ 𝛆0 times the Net Charge enclosed by that
closed surface.
 If a charge q is placed at the centre of a closed hemispherical non-
conducting surface, the total flux passing through the flat surface
would be:
27 June - shift 2
2022

D
 If a charge q is placed at the centre of a closed hemispherical non-
conducting surface, the total flux passing through the flat surface
would be:
27 June - shift 2
2022

D
 A long cylinder volume contains a uniformly distributed charge of
density 𝜌 Cm-3. The electric field inside the cylindrical volume at a
27 July - shift 1 distance from its axis is ______ Vm-1.
2022
 A spherically symmetric charge distribution is considered with
charge density varying as
Where, r(r < R) is the distance from the centre O (as shown in figure).
29 July - shift 1 The electric field at point P will be:
2022

D
 A spherically symmetric charge distribution is considered with
charge density varying as
Where, r(r < R) is the distance from the centre O (as shown in figure).
29 July - shift 1 The electric field at point P will be:
2022

D
A charge Q is placed at the axis of a disc of Radius R at a distance x
from its centre. Find flux of electric field through the disc.