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9 - 16 Lessons Adv
9 - 16 Lessons Adv
NOTE:
Examples:
Examples:
Lesson 10
Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
Future perfect continuous refers to a progressive event that will be completed at some point
in the future. Here are the forms and uses of this tense.
NOTE:
Examples:
Examples:
She will have been working for over 8 hours by the time her children arrive. .
He will have been studying English for three years next month.
Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect continuous).
1. By the end of the month I (live) _____________________in this town for ten years.
An affix added to the front of a word is known as a prefix. One added to the back is
known as a suffix. Sometimes, prefixes are hyphenated.
Examples of Affixes
Here are some examples of affixes:
incapable
(The affix is the prefix in.)
ex-President
(The affix is the prefix ex-.)
laughing
(The affix is the suffix ing.)
Most Common Prefixes. The four most common prefixes are dis-, in-, re-, and
un-. These account for over 95% of prefixed words.
Most Common Suffixes. The four most common suffixes are-ed, -ing, -ly, and -es.
These account for over 95% of suffixed words.
A prefix is not written with a capital letter unless it starts the sentence or is an
integral part of a proper noun.
Examples:
Adverbs vs Adjectives
Example:
Note: hardly and lately have different meanings:
He could hardly walk = It was difficult for him to walk.
I haven’t seen John lately = I haven’t seen John recently.
Adverb rules:
1. Regular adverbs:
Adjective + ly
Examples:
Adjective Adverb
slow slowly
beautiful beautifully
careful carefully
violent violently
Spelling rules:
2. Exceptions:
However, this is not the only way to form an adverb. Many adverbs do not end in -
ly.
adjective adverb
good well
3. Things to remember:
Many words are not adverbs although they end in -ly. Here are examples of
adjectives that end in -ly.
Examples:
a kindly teacher
a lonely girl
an elderly person
a friendly policeman
FORM Would
[Would + VERB]
Examples:
Examples:
Future in the Past is used to express the idea that in the past you thought
something would happen in the future. It does not matter if you are correct or not.
Future in the Past follows the same basic rules as the Simple Future. "Would" is
used to volunteer or promise, and "was going to" is used to plan. Moreover, both
forms can be used to make predictions about the future.
Examples:
I told you he was going to come to the party. (plan)
I knew Julie would make dinner. (voluntary action)
Jane said Sam was going to bring his sister with him, but he came alone.( plan)
I had a feeling that the vacation was going to be a disaster. (prediction)
He promised he would send a postcard from Egypt. (promise)
Like all future forms, Future in the Past cannot be used in clauses beginning
with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as,
if, unless, etc. Instead of using Future in the Past, you must use Simple Past.
Examples:
I already told Mark that when he would arrive, we would go out for
dinner. (Not Correct)
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Example:
EVEN IF: it emphasizes that something will happen, would happen or would have
happened whatever the condition:
Example:
Example:
If the if-clause is first, the subject and the auxiliary in the main clause are inverted:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
My leg's broken. I can't stand up unless you help me. (I can't stand up if you
don't help me.)
Example:
Example:
IF SO, IF NOT: they can stand for an if-clause which is understood from the
context:
Example:
"According to the weather forecast, it might rain tomorrow." "If so, we'll go
hiking another day."
I hope Peter gets here soon. If not, we'll have to start without him.
I'll buy a sandwich in case I get hungry. (I'll buy a sandwich because I may
get hungry later.)
I'll buy a sandwich if I get hungry. (I'll buy a sandwich when I get hungry.)
Example:
We use as if/ as though with the simple past: when we talk in the present to
indicate that something is not true.
Example:
She behaves as if she had a lot of money.( she doesn’t have it)
Linkers: they are words or expressions that connect sentences or ideas. They are
very useful for organizing what we say in a logical way.
Sequence: we use the following linkers to indicate the order in which something
happens.
Then
Example:
First, you beat two eggs. Then you peel two big potatoes and cut them into thin
slices and fry them. After that, you mix the eggs and the potatoes in a bowl. Next,
you pour the mixture into a frying pan with some hot oil. Finally, you turn the
mixture over in the frying pan a take it out when it´s ready.
Careful!
I will do it after of lunch. (Wrong)
I will do it after lunch. (Right)
Example:
There a number of reason to oppose physical punishment. First, a modern society
should not resort to violence. Second, it doesn’t undo the crime already
committed. Finally, once the criminal is in prison, ordinary citizens are protected.
Lesson 16
1. Preparation-
2. Introduction-
3. Body-
4. Conclusion-