To: Nancy Myers

From: Dmitrii Iapara

Date: October 3, 2022
Subject: APLED 121-Chapter 5 Summary of Table of Contents

CHAPTER 5
Audience Recognition

Audience Recognition

• Knowledge of Subject Matter – The audience is composed of 3 types: high-tech audience, low-
tech audience, lay audience, and a combination.
• Writing for Future Audiences – Technical communication usually is saved for future reference
that’s why information should be clear, concise, and terms specifically defined.

Defining Terms of Audiences

• Defining Terms Parenthetically – Rather than writing CIA, write Cash in Advance (CIA).
• Defining Your Terms in a Sentence – Make your own simple definition by using term, type, and
distinguishing characteristics.
• Using Extended Definition of One or More Paragraphs – Extended definitions of a paragraph, in
addition to term, type, and distinguishing characteristics should contain also examples,
procedures, and descriptions.
• Using Glossary – If you are not using terms parenthetically then you should use a glossary.
• Providing Pop – Ups and Links with Definition

Audience Personality Traits – The audience might be diverse, that’s why writer should use the proper
tone, visual aids, and writing style. This will help writer meet the audience’s needs.
Biased Language – Issues of Diversity – It’s very important to avoid offensive language, stereotypes and
other biased terms.

Multiculturalism
• The Global Economy – Many large companies do a significant amount of business outside of the
United States. This companies have people from different countries to enable easy marketing in
the world.
• Cross – Cultural Workplace Communication – Communication is very important failure to
communicate properly can lead to a dangerous situation.
Guidelines for Effective Multicultural Communication
• Define Acronyms and Abbreviations – Acronyms and Abbreviations can be confusing.
• Avoid Jargon and Idioms – Some words and sayings in US can’t be translated in other languages.
• Distinguish Between Nouns and Verbs – Some word in English can be used as nouns and verbs.
The reader needs to know the meaning.
• Watch for Cultural Biases/Expectation – Some colors in US have a different association in other
countries.
• Be Careful and Puns – Avoid humor people from different countries have different sense of
humor.
• Realize That Translations May Take More or Less Space – Translating in other languages can
take more characters to communicate same information.
• Avoid Figurative Language – Some people will not understand figurative language.
• Be Careful with Numbers, Measurements, Dates, and Time – Some places in the world use
different measurements, writes dates in different order, and uses different workdays.
• Use Stylized Graphics to Represent People – Avoid showing skin color, hairstyle, or other things
that might be perceived negative.

Avoiding Biased Language

• Ageist Language – Don’t mention people’s age. Use words without any negative connotation.
• Biased Language About People with Disabilities – Don’t mention people’s problems.
• Sexist Language – Don’t mention or assume genders.

Audience Involvement
• Personalized Tone – Use names to personalize messages. If you don’t know the person, use last
name. Use pronouns to make connection with your reader.
• Reader Benefit – Tell the reader how you can help or benefit them. Use positive words.

The Writing Process at Work

• Prewriting – Brainstorm and gather the information.
• Writing – write your draft.
• Rewriting – Revise your draft and make correction.