Military College of Signals

National University of
Sciences&Technology

Communication Systems Lab

Submitted to: Lab Engr Miss Shabana Basharat

Lab Number: 2
Submission Date: 14th October -
2022

Group Members Details: -

S. No. Names

1. M. Ibtisam Anwar

2. Capt. Usama Mir

1
RUBRICS for Practical Implementation of Digital
Circuit
M.Ibtisam Anwar Captain Usama Mir
Student
Name

R1 (3)

R2 (3)

R3 (3)

R4 (3)

R5 (3)

Total (15)

RUBRICS for Design presentation

M.Ibtisam Anwar Captain Usama

Student Mir
Name

R1 (3)

R2 (3)

R3 (3)

R4 (3)

Total (12)
Grand Total
(27)

2
 Experiment:01
Amplitude Modulation

Modulation:
Modulation is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic
or optical carrier signal. A carrier signal is one with a steady waveform -- constant height, or
amplitude, and frequency.
Types of Modulation:
Following are types of Modulation:
• Amplitude modulation (AM): The height (i.e., the strength or intensity) of the signal carrier
is varied to represent the data being added to the signal.

• Frequency modulation (FM): The frequency of the carrier waveform is varied to reflect the
frequency of the data.

• Phase modulation (PM): The phase of the carrier waveform is varied to reflect changes in
the frequency of the data. In PM, the frequency is unchanged while the phase is changed
relative to the base carrier frequency. It is similar to FM.

3
 • Polarization modulation: The angle of rotation of an optical carrier signal is varied to reflect
transmitted data.

Use of Modulation:
The carrier wave used by radio frequency (RF) transmissions doesn't carry much information itself.
To include speech or data, another wave has to be superimposed on the carrier wave, thus
changing the shape of the carrier wave. The process of doing so is called modulation. To transmit
sound, the audio signal must first be converted into an electric signal, using a transducer. After
conversion, it is used to modulate a carrier signal.

Circuit Diagram:

Experiment Procedure:
• Message signal is generated from function generator.
• Carrier signal is taken from RCO of LABVOLT.
• Both signals are super-imposed and modulated signal is generated at output
Results:
• Message Signal:

4
 • Carrier Signal:

• Modulated Signal:

Uses:
Following are some of the important uses of modulation:
1. Used to reduce the antenna size
2. Used to reduce interference by changing frequency ranges
3. Allows multiplexing of signals
5
Conclusion:
Hence the Amplitude Modulation we tried to do came out to be fine and the resultant
wave shows its amplitude being modulated. Basically, the message signal (baseband signal) is of
low frequency and can’t be transmitted directly. That’s why a high frequency signal, called the
carrier signal is used to carry this baseband signal.
In order to impose this message signal on the carrier signal some of the properties of the carrier
signal are changed and amplitude is one of those properties.