SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

I. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings.

1. Scientists began to fight against AIDS in 1980.
Scientists have
Scientists have been fighting/have fought against AIDS since 1980.
2. We started to study English 10 years ago.
We have
We have been studying/have studied English for 10 years.
3. I last saw him when I was a grade 10 student.
I have
I haven’t seen him since I was a grade 10 student.
4. Tom started learning the guitar a month ago.
Tom has
Tom has been learning/has learned/learnt the guitar for a month.
5. * I haven't been to a Chinese restaurant for ages. (= for a long time)
It’s ages
It’s ages since I last went to a Chinese restaurant.
6. * When she heard the results, Mary began to feel more self-confident.
Since hearing
Since hearing the results, Mary has felt more self-confident.
7. The last time Nancy came here was in 2005.
Nancy has
Nancy has not been/come here since 2005.
8. This is my first visit to London.
This is the first time
This is the first time I have been to/visited London.
9. How long have Helen and Robert got married?
When
When did Helen and Robert get married?
10.Jack bought those trousers last month and has been wearing them ever since.
Jack has
Jack has been wearing those trousers ever since he bought them last month.
11.* It's a long time since our last conversation.
We have
We have not had a conversation for a long time.
We have not talked to each other/one another for a long time.
12.Thanks, but I had something to eat earlier.
 Thanks, but I have
Thanks, but I have already/just eaten (something).
13.This is my first game of golf.
I have
I have not played golf before.
14.They travelled to India and then flew to Japan.
After
After they (had) travelled to India, they flew to Japan.
After having travelled to India, they flew to Japan.
15.I went over my lesson and then went to school.
Before
Before I went to school, I had gone over my lesson.