Type of Panel Short Span Coeff

( Values of ly /
1.0 1.1 1.2
1 end condition: INTERIOR PANEL
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0.032 0.037 0.043
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.024 0.028 0.032
2 end condition: ONE SHORT EDGE DISCONT
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0.037 0.043 0.048
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.028 0.032 0.036
3 end condition: ONE LONG EDGE DISCONT
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0.037 0.044 0.052
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.028 0.033 0.039
4 end condition: TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONT
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0.047 0.053 0.060
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.035 0.04 0.045
5 end condition: TWO SHORT EDGES DISCONT
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0.045 0.049 0.052
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.035 0.037 0.040
6 end condition: TWO LONG EDGES DISCONT
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0 0 0
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.035 0.043 0.051
7 end condition: ONE LONG EDGE CONTS
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0.057 0.064 0.071
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.043 0.048 0.053
8 end condition: ONE SHORT EDGE CONTS
( -ve ) moment at continuous edge 0 0 0
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.043 0.051 0.059
9 end condition: FOUR EDGES DISCONTS
( +ve ) moment at mid-span 0.056 0.064 0.072
Short Span Coefficients ax ay
( Values of ly / lx ) all values of
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.75 2.0 ly / lx

0.047 0.051 0.053 0.060 0.065 0.032 1

0.036 0.039 0.041 0.045 0.049 0.024 1

0.051 0.055 0.057 0.064 0.068 0.037 2

0.039 0.041 0.044 0.048 0.052 0.028 2

0.057 0.063 0.067 0.077 0.085 0.037 3

0.044 0.047 0.051 0.059 0.065 0.028 3

0.065 0.071 0.075 0.084 0.091 0.047 4

0.049 0.053 0.056 0.063 0.069 0.035 4

0.056 0.059 0.060 0.065 0.069 0 5

0.043 0.044 0.045 0.049 0.052 0.035 5

0 0 0 0 0 0.045 6
0.057 0.063 0.068 0.080 0.088 0.035 6

0.076 0.080 0.084 0.091 0.097 0 7

0.057 0.060 0.064 0.069 0.073 0.043 7

0 0 0 0 0 0.057 8
0.065 0.071 0.076 0.087 0.096 0.043 8
9
0.079 0.085 0.089 0.100 0.107 0.056 9
 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FIRE UNDER GROUND WATER
TANK
Using IS 1893 (Part-1 & 2)
Input Data

Grade of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2

Grade of steel, fy = 500 N/mm2

Mass density of liquid, ρ = 1000 kg/m3

unit weight of soil, γs = 18 kN/m3

unit weight of Concrete, γc = 2500 kg/m3

Safe Bearing Capacity for soil, SBC = 70 kN/m2

Length of the tank, L, b = 15.1 m

Breath of the tank, B, c = 4.225 m

Height of the tank, H, a = 5.3 m

Free broad = 1.3 m

Height of liquid, h = 4 m

Height of soil, h' = 4.7 m

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/sec2

Thickness of Cover Slab = 150 mm

Earth Pressure at rest P0=(k0 x γs x h')

= 42.3 kN/m2
= 18 x 4.7 x 0.5
Moment due to earth pressure at rest, (P 0 x h' x h'/3)
= 155.73 kNm
= 0.5 x 42.3 x 4.7 x 4.7/3
Hydrostatic Pressrure (ρ x h x g)
= 39.24 kN/m2
= 1000 x 4 x 9.81/1000
Moment due to Hydrastatic pressure
= 104.64 kNm
= 0.5 x 39.24 x 4 x 4/3
Aspect Ratios:
= 4/15.1
h\L
= 0.26
= 4/4.225
h\B
= 0.95
Masses of Liquid and wall:

Total Volumn of liquid in tank

= 255.19 m3
= 4 x 4.225 x 15.1
Total liquid mass, m
= 255190 kg
= 255.19 x 1000
L B
from figure 3a of IS:1893(Part-2); mi/m = 0.29 0.82

from figure 3a of IS:1893(Part-2); m c/m = 0.68 0.27

mass of Impulsive liquid, mi

= 74005.1 209255.8 kg
miL= 0.29 x 255190 miB = 0.82 x 255190

mass of Convective liquid, mc

= 173529.2 68901.3 kg
mcL= 0.68 x 255190 mcB= 0.27 x 255190

mass of tank wall, mw

mwL= 2500 x 15.1 x 5.3 x (350/1000)/9.81 = 7138.25 1997.29 kg
mwB= 2500 x 4.225 x 5.3 x (350/1000)/9.81
 mass of Base Slab, mb
= 21244.74 kg
= 2500 x 6.425 x 17.3 x 750/1000/9.81

mass of Roof Slab, mt

= 2438.74 kg
= 15.1 x 4.225 x 2500 x (150/1000)/9.81

Stiffness of Convective Liquid:

L B
from figure 3a of IS:1893(Part-2), Kch/mg = 0.4 0.84

Stiffness of Convective Liquid, Kc

KcL= 0.4 x 255190 x 9.81/4/1000 = 250.34 525.72 kg/m
KcB= 0.84 x 255190 x 9.81/4/1000

Coefficient of time period for convective mode, Cc = 4.5 3.8

from figure 7 of IS:1893 (Part-2)

Heights of Impulsive and Convective Liquid:

L B
from figure 3b of IS:1893(Part-2); hi/h = 0.375 0.375

from figure 3b of IS:1893(Part-2); hc/h = 0.52 0.74

= 0.375 x 4 0.375 x 4 m
Height of Resultant of Impulsive mass, hi
= 1.5 1.5 m
 = 0.52 x 4 0.74 x 4 m
Height of Resultant of Conventive mass, hc
= 2.08 2.96 m

from figure 3b of IS:1893(Part-2); hi*/h = 1.4 0.6

from figure 3b of IS:1893(Part-2); hc*/h = 1.75 0.74

= 1.4 x 4 0.6 x 4 m
Height of Resultant of Impulsive mass, hi*
= 5.6 2.4 m

= 1.75 x 4 0.74 x 4 m
Height of Resultant of Conventive mass, hc*
= 7 2.96 m

= 5.3/2 5.3/2 m
Height of Centre of Gravity of wall mass, h w
= 2.65 2.65 m

Height of Centre of Gravity of roof mass, ht

= 5.38 m
= 5.3+(150/1000)/2

Time Period Calculations:

Impulsive Mode:
L B
Mass of one tank wall perpendicular to the = 1997.29 7138.25 kg
direction of Seismic Force,

uniformly distributed pressure of intensity, q

=((74005.1 x 0.5 + 1997.29) x 9.81/(4.225 x 4))/1000 = 22.64 18.15 kN/m2
=((209255.8 x 0.5 + 7138.25) x 9.81/(4.225 x 4))/1000

L side= (74005.1 x 0.5 x 1.5 + 1997.29 x 4 x 0.5)/(74005.1 x

0.5+1997.29)
= 1.53 1.53 m
B side= (209255.8 x 0.5 x 1.5 + 7138.25 x 4 x
0.5)/(209255.8 x 0.5+7138.25)

E = 25000000 kN/m2

I
L side I= (1000 x 350^3/12) x 10^(-12) = 0.003573 0.003573 m4
B side I= (1000 x 350^3/12) x 10^(-12)
Deflection of the Tank wall on vertical center line
at height of , d
= 0.0012 0.001 m
L side= 22.64 x 4 x (1.53)^3/(3 x 25000000 x = 0.0012 0.001 m
0.00357291666666667)
B side= 18.15 x 4 x (1.53)^3/(3 x 25000000 x
0.00357291666666667)

Time Period, Ti
=2 x 3.14159265358979 x SQRT(0.0012/9.81) = 0.07 0.06 sec
=2 x 3.14159265358979 x SQRT(0.001/9.81)

Convective Mode:
Time Period, Tc
= 2 x 3.14159265358979 x SQRT(173529.2/1000/250.34) = 5.23 2.27 sec
= 2 x 3.14159265358979 x SQRT(68901.3/1000/525.72)

or
Time Period, Tc
= 4.5 x SQRT(15.1/1000) = 0.55 0.25 sec
= 3.8 x SQRT(15.1/1000)

Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient:

Zone factor, Z = 0.16

Table:3, IS: 1893 (Part-1)
Importance Factor, I = 1
Table:1, IS:1893 (Part-2)
Respose reduction factor, R = 4
Table:3, IS:1893 (Part-2)
Ti Tc
Time Periods, Ti & Tc = 0.06 0.25

for use in response spectrum method,

Subsoil strata Soft Soils
for rocky soils or hard soil sites

for medium soils sites

for soft soils sites

 (Sa/g) i (Sa/g) c
response spectrum factor, Sa/g = 1.9 4.38
Ai Ac
Horizontal Seismic Coefficient, Ai,c = 0.04 0.09

Design Base Shear:

Impulsive Mode:
L B
Base Shear at bottom of tank wall, Vi = 32.8 83.85 kN

Convective Mode:
L B
Base Shear at bottom of tank wall, Vc = 153.21 60.83 kN

Design Base Moments:

Impulsive Mode:
L B
Bending moment at bottom of tank wall, Mi = 56.13 130.39 kNm

Convective Mode:

Bending moment at bottom of tank wall, Mc = 318.67 180.07 kNm

Total Bending moment at bottom of tank wall, Mb = 76.59 14.72 kNm

Design Overturning Moments:

Impulsive Mode:
L B
Overturning moment at bottom of base slab, Mi *
= 212.44 272.97 kNm
Convective Mode:

Overturning moment at bottom of base slab, Mc* = 1187.37 225.69 kNm

Total Overturning moment at bottom of base slab, = 1206.22 354.19 kNm

M*
b

Stability Check:
Total Resisting moment at bottom of base slab, = 21827.53 kNm SAFE
M*
r

Factor of Safety against over turning = 16.29 > 1.5 SAFE

Design Hyderodynamic Pressures:

Impulsive Mode:
L B
Coefficient of impulsive hydrodynamic pressure
= 0.86 0.63
on walls at bottom i.e., Qwi (y=0)

Lateral Hydrodynamic impulsive pressure on wall

= 1.35 0.99 kN/m2/m
per meter length or width, piw

Coefficient of impulsive hydrodynamic pressure

= 1 1
in vertical direction, Qib (x=L/2)

Impulsive Hydrodynamic pressure in Vertical

= 1.57 1.57 kN/m2/m
direction per meter length or width, pib
 ( Ah ) i mi qi = 3.44 2.72 kN/m2/m
qi  g
2B
qi
ai  4h  6hi  ai = 1.51 1.19 kN/m2/m
h2
q
bi  2i 6hi  2h  bi = 0.22 0.17 kN/m2/m
h

Moment due to Hydrodynamic impulsive

= 5.2 4.08 kNm
pressure, Mdi

Convective Mode:
L B
Coefficient of convective hydrodynamic pressure
= 0.3 0.04
on walls i.e., Qcw (y=L)

Lateral Hydrodynamic convective pressure on

= 0.26 0.04 kN/m2/m
wall per meter length or width, pcw

Coefficient of convective hydrodynamic pressure

= 0.3 0.04
in vertical direction, Qcb (x=L/2)

Convective Hydrodynamic pressure in Vertical

= 4 0.15 kN/m2/m
direction per meter length or width, pcb

( Ah ) c mc
qc  g
2B
 ( Ah ) c mc
qc  g qc = 18.13 2.01 kN/m2/m
2B
qc
ac  4h  6hc  ac = 3.99 -0.22 kN/m2/m
h2
q
bc  c2 6hc  2h  bc = 5.08 1.23 kN/m2/m
h

Moment due to Hydrodynamic convective

= 37.73 5.97 kNm
pressure, Mdc

Pressure due to Wall Inertia:

L B
Pressure on tank wall due to its inertia, pww = 0.343 0.343 kN/m2/m

Effect of Vertical Ground Acceletarion:

Vertical Seismic Coefficient, Av = 0.03

considering time period as 0.3sec and Sa/G as 2.5

Hydrodynamic Pressure on tank walls due to

vertical ground acceleration at bottom of the wall = 1.18 kN/m2/m
per meter length, Pv

L B
Maximum Hydrodynamic Pressure on walls
combining pressures due to horizontal and vertical = 2.08 1.78 kN/m2/m
excitation is given by, P

Maximum Hydrodynamic Pressure at base slab

combining pressures due to horizontal and vertical = 4.31 1.61 kN/m2/m
excitation is given by, Pb

Achorage Requirement:
Rectangular Ground supported tanks shall be
anchored to their foundation when
h/L = 0.26
1/Ahi = 25
h/L < 1/Ahi
Anchorage to foundation is not required
Long Wall Design:

Bending moment at bottom of tank wall due to

= 155.73 kNm
Earth pressure at rest, Mer

Bending moment at bottom of tank wall due to

= 104.64 kNm
Hydrostatic pressure, Mhs

Bending Moment due to maximum Hydrodynamic

= 38.09 kNm
Pressure on long wall, Mh

Total Design Moment for long wall, Mu = 390.56 kNm

Considering 1m width of wall

required thickness of long wall = 342.73 mm

Provided thickness, tL = 350 mm

Effective cover for wall = 50 mm

effective thickness, dL = 300 mm

Horizontal reinforcement:
from Table 3 of SP:16 pt required is = 0.15 %
mimimum steel as per IS 3370 (Part-2) : 2009
reinforcement required Ast = 525 mm2

Daimeter of bar, φ = 12 mm

Area of the bar = 113.1 mm2

Spacing required = 215.43 mm

Spacing provided = 200 mm SAFE

Provide 12T @ 200c/c in horizontal direction for both faces

Vertical reinforcement:
maximum long wall moment Mmax = 390.56 kNm

R = Mu/bd2 = 4.34 Mpa

from Table 3 of SP:16 pt required is = 1.38 %
mimimum steel as per IS 3370 (Part-2) : 2009
reinforcement required Ast = 4830 mm2

Daimeter of bar, φ = 25 mm

Area of the bar = 490.87 mm2

Spacing required = 101.63 mm

Spacing provided = 100 mm SAFE

Provide 25T @ 100c/c in vertical direction for both faces

Short Wall Design:

Bending moment at bottom of tank wall due to

= 155.73 kNm
Earth pressure at rest, Mer

Bending moment at bottom of tank wall due to

= 104.64 kNm
Hydrostatic pressure, Mhs

Bending Moment due to maximum Hydrodynamic

= 7.23 kNm
Pressure on long wall, Mh

Total Design Moment for Short wall, Mu = 390.56 kNm

Considering 1m width of wall

required thickness of long wall = 342.73 mm

Provided thickness, tS = 350 mm

Effective cover for wall = 50 mm

effective thickness, dS = 300 mm

Horizontal reinforcement:
from Table 3 of SP:16 pt required is = 0.15 %
mimimum steel as per IS 3370 (Part-2) : 2009
reinforcement required Ast = 525 mm2
Daimeter of bar, φ = 12 mm

Area of the bar = 113.1 mm2

Spacing required = 215.43 mm

Spacing provided = 200 mm SAFE

Provide 12T @ 200c/c in horizontal direction for both faces

Vertical reinforcement:
maximum short wall moment Mmax = 390.56 kNm

R = Mu/bd2 = 4.34 Mpa

from Table 3 of SP:16 pt required is = 1.38 %

mimimum steel as per IS 3370 (Part-2) : 2009
reinforcement required Ast = 4830 mm2

Daimeter of bar, φ = 25 mm

Area of the bar = 490.87 mm2

Spacing required = 101.63 mm

Spacing provided = 100 mm SAFE

Provide 25T @ 100c/c in vertical direction for both faces

Base Slab Design:

Projection of base slab beyond wall = 300 mm

Short span of tank ( Lbx) = 4.225 m

Long span tank ( Lby ) = 15.1 m

Adopt overall depth ( D ) = 750 mm

Effective cover for base slab = 50 mm

Effective depth of slab ( d ) = 700 mm

Loads :
Water Pressure Head (h) = 4.7 m

Upward pressure on Raft when soil is saturated up = 47 kN/m2

to ground level in tank empty condition

Downward pressure on Raft in tank full condition = 39.24 kN/m2

Base Slab Dead Load = 2084.109 kN

Wall loads = 91.36 kN

Net Pressure on Base Slab in tank empty = 3048.7 kN

condition (uplift)

Net Pressure on Base Slab in tank full condition = 1312.93 kN

Area of raft required = 47.91 m2

Area of raft provided = 111.15 m2 SAFE

Base slab short span Lx = 6.425 m

Base slab short span Ly = 17.3 m

aspect ratio ( Ly / Lx ) = 2.69 >2 ONE WAY

Summary:
Long Wall
Long wall of 350 mm thickness with reinforcement of
T 25 @ 100c/c (vertical) and T 12 @ 200c/c (horizontal)
Short Wall
Short wall of 350 mm thickness with reinforcement of
T 25 @ 100c/c (vertical) and T 12 @ 200c/c (horizontal)
Base Slab
Base Slab of 750 mm thickness with reinforcement of

Along Short span T16 @ 125 c/c (top) and T16 @ 125 c/c (bottom)
Along Long span T12 @ 125 c/c (top and bottom)
Cover Slab type of cover slab will depe
Cover Slab of 150 mm thickness with reinforcement of
Along Short span T8 @ 150mm c/c (top) and T8 @ 150mm c/c
(bottom)
Along Long span T8 @ 150mm c/c (top) and T8 @ 150mm c/c
(bottom)
*NOTE: Moment of inertia is (1m
width*thk of wall^3)/12
type of cover slab will depend on number of beams considered
 ONE WAY SLAB
when Ly / Lx > 2

BASE SLAB

Grade of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2

Grade of steel, fy = 500 N/mm2

Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Xumax / d = 0.46

Ru = 3.35

effective longer span, Ly = 17.3 m

effective shorter span, Lx = 6.425 m

aspect ratio Ly / Lx = 2.69

assumed thickness of slab, D = 750 mm

effective depth, d = 722 mm

dead load / self weight, D.L = 18.75 kN/m2

live load / parking load, L.L = 47 kN/m2

total load, w = 65.75 kN/m2

factored load, wu = 98.63 kN/m2

max B.M @ support of short span, Mus = 452.39 kNm

max B.M @ centre of short span, Muc = 407.15 kNm

required depth of slab, dreq = 369 mm < 722 mm

Provided Depth is Safe

Design for flexure at Support ( Top )

Mus / bd2 = 0.87 N/mm2

% steel required, Pt ( Top ) = 0.21 %

steel required, Ast ( Top ) = 1516.2 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 16 mm

cross sectional area of bar, ast = 201.06 mm2

Spacing required ( Top ) = 133 mm

Spacing provided ( Top ) = 125 mm SAFE

steel provided, Ast ( Top ) = 1608 mm2

% steel provided, Pt ( Top ) = 0.22 %

Provide T16 @ 125mm c/c over Support

Design for flexure at span ( Bottom )

Muc / bd2 = 0.78 N/mm2

% steel required, Pt ( Bottom ) = 0.19 %

steel required, Ast ( Bottom ) = 1371.8 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 16 mm

cross sectional area of bar, ast = 201.06 mm2

Spacing required ( Bottom ) = 147 mm

Spacing provided ( Bottom ) = 125 mm SAFE

steel provided, Ast ( Bottom ) = 1608 mm2

% steel provided, Pt ( Bottom ) = 0.22 %

Provide T16 @ 125mm c/c along Span

Distribution reinforcement

min area of steel required, Ast = 900 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 12 mm
cross sectional area of bar, ast = 113.1 mm2

Spacing required = 126 mm

Spacing provided = 125 mm SAFE

steel provided, Ast = 905 mm2

Provide T12 @ 125mm c/c in both ways

Check for Shear

Net Pressure on Base Slab = 27.43 kN/m2

max Shear force, Vu = 88.12 kN

nominal shear stress, τv = 0.12 N/mm2

% of steel provided at support, Pt = 0.22 %

shear stress in concrete, τc = 0.34 N/mm2

k value for 750 mm thickness of slab = 1

shear stress in slab, kτc = 0.34 N/mm2

Safe in Shear

Check for Deflection

basic value of L/d = 20

actual value of L/d = 9

provided tension reinforcement, Pt = 0.22 %

stress in steel due to service loads, fs = 247.4 N/mm2

modification factor, fr = 1.52

permissible value of L/d = 31

Safe in Deflection
Slab Thickness 750 mm

Reinforcement Details:

along short span

Top T16 @ 125 c/c
Bottom T16 @ 125 c/c
along long span
Top -
Bottom T12 @ 125 c/c
 Crack Width Check for Base Slab
As per IS 456:2000, Annexure-F
Grade of concrete "fck" = 25 N/mm2

Maximum Moment "Mmax" = 452.39 kN-m

Area of Tension Steel Provided "Ast" = 905 mm2

Overall Depth of the section "h" = 750 mm

Minimum Cover "Cmin" = 20 mm

Diameter of longitudinal bar "db" = 16 mm

C/C spacing of longitudinal bars "S" = 125 mm

Width of the section considered "b" = 1000 mm

Effective depth of wall "d" = 722 mm

Effective cover "dc" = 28 mm

Depth from the compression of the neutral axis "x" = 375 mm

Moment of inertia per metre width "I" = 3.52E+10 mm4

Maximum compressive stress in concrete "fc" = 5.15E-07 N/mm2

Maximum tensile stress in reinforcement "fs" = 500 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity of the concrete "Ec" = 2.50E+04 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity of the reinforcement "Es" = 2.00E+05 N/mm2

Distance from the compression face to the point at

"a" = 750 mm
which the crack width is being calculated

Distance from the point considered to the surface

"acr" = 68.43 mm
of the nearest logitudinal bar
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring
"ε1" = 2.06E-11
the stiffening of the concrete in the tension zone

Average steel strain at the level considered "εm" = 7.46E-04 N/mm2

Surface crack width "Wcr" = 0.122 mm

SAFE
 1000

750

.
 Crack Width Check for Walls
Long Wall:
As per IS 456:2000, Annexure-F
Grade of concrete "fck" = 25 N/mm2

Maximum Moment in servisability condition "Mmax" = 260.37 kN-m

Area of Tension Steel Provided "Ast" = 4909 mm2

Overall Thickness of the section "tL" = 350 mm

Minimum Cover "Cmin" = 50 mm

Diameter of longitudinal bar "db" = 25 mm

C/C spacing of longitudinal bars "S" = 100 mm

Width of the section considered "b" = 1000 mm

Effective depth of wall "d" = 287.5 mm

Effective cover "dc" = 62.5 mm

Depth from the compression of the neutral axis "x" = 175 mm

Moment of inertia per metre width "I" = 3.57E+09 mm4

Maximum compressive stress in concrete "fc" = 2.91E-06 N/mm2

Maximum tensile stress in reinforcement "fs" = 500 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity of the concrete "Ec" = 2.50E+04 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity of the reinforcement "Es" = 2.00E+05 N/mm2

Distance from the compression face to the point at

"a" = 350 mm
which the crack width is being calculated
Distance from the point considered to the surface
"acr" = 79.96 mm
of the nearest logitudinal bar

Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring

"ε1" = 1.17E-10
the stiffening of the concrete in the tension zone

Average steel strain at the level considered "εm" = 9.24E-05 N/mm2

Surface crack width "Wcr" = 0.017 mm

SAFE

Short Wall:
As per IS 456:2000, Annexure-F
Grade of concrete "fck" = 25 N/mm2

Maximum Moment in servisability condition "Mmax" = 260.37 kN-m

Area of Tension Steel Provided "Ast" = 4909 mm2

Overall Thickness of the section "tS" = 350 mm

Minimum Cover "Cmin" = 50 mm

Diameter of longitudinal bar "db" = 25 mm

C/C spacing of longitudinal bars "S" = 100 mm

Width of the section considered "b" = 1000 mm

Effective depth of wall "d" = 287.5 mm

Effective cover "dc" = 62.5 mm

Depth from the compression of the neutral axis "x" = 175 mm

Moment of inertia per metre width "I" = 3.57E+09 mm4

Maximum compressive stress in concrete "fc" = 2.91E-06 N/mm2

Maximum tensile stress in reinforcement "fs" = 500 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity of the concrete "Ec" = 2.50E+04 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity of the reinforcement "Es" = 2.00E+05 N/mm2

Distance from the compression face to the point at

"a" = 350 mm
which the crack width is being calculated

Distance from the point considered to the surface

"acr" = 79.96 mm
of the nearest logitudinal bar

Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring

"ε1" = 1.17E-10
the stiffening of the concrete in the tension zone

Average steel strain at the level considered "εm" = 9.24E-05 N/mm2

Surface crack width "Wcr" = 0.017 mm

SAFE
 1000

350

.
 COVER SLAB

Grade of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2

Grade of steel, fy = 500 N/mm2

Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Xumax / d = 0.46

Ru = 3.35

Assumed Thickness of Slab, D = 150 mm

Effective Depth, d = 126 mm

dead load / self weight, D.L = 3.75 kN/m2

filling load, F.L = 0 kN/m2

live load / parking load, L.L = 5 kN/m2

floor finishes, F.F = 2 kN/m2

total load, w = 10.75 kN/m2

factored load, wu = 16.13 kN/m2

effective longer span, Ly = 5 m

effective shorter span, Lx = 4.225 m

aspect ratio ( Ly / Lx ) = 1.18 TWO WAY

4 end condition: TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONT 1.1 1.2

αx (+) = 0.044 0.040 0.045

( +ve ) moment coefficients
αx (-) = 0.059 0.053 0.060
( -ve ) moment coefficients
αy (+) = 0.035

αy (-) = 0.047

Mux ( Top ) = 16.87 kNm

Mux ( Bottom ) = 12.67 kNm

Muy ( Top ) = 13.53 kNm

Muy ( Bottom ) = 10.08 kNm
Steel calculations along Short Span

Mux ( Top ) / bd2 = 1.06

% steel required, Pt ( Top ) = 0.26 %

steel required, Ast ( Top ) = 328 mm2

Mux ( Bottom ) / bd2 = 0.8

% steel required, Pt ( Bottom ) = 0.19 %

steel required, Ast ( Bottom ) = 239 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 8 mm

cross sectional area of bar, ast = 50.27 mm2

Spacing required ( Top ) = 153 mm

Spacing provided ( Top ) = 150 mm SAFE

Spacing required ( Bottom ) = 210 mm

Spacing provided ( Bottom ) = 150 mm SAFE

Provide T8 @ 150mm c/c (Top) and T8 @ 150mm c/c (Bot)

Steel calculations along Long Span

Muy ( Top ) / bd2 = 0.97

% steel required, Pt ( Top ) = 0.23 %

steel required, Ast ( Top ) = 290 mm2

Muy ( Bottom ) / bd2 = 0.72

% steel required, Pt ( Bottom ) = 0.17 %

steel required, Ast ( Bottom ) = 214 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 8 mm

cross sectional area of bar, ast = 50.27 mm2

Spacing required ( Top ) = 173 mm

Spacing provided ( Top ) = 150 mm SAFE

Spacing required ( Bottom ) = 235 mm
Spacing provided ( Bottom ) = 150 mm SAFE

Provide T8 @ 150mm c/c (Top) and T8 @ 150mm c/c (Bot)

Check for Shear

shear force, Vu = 34.07 kN

nominal shear stress, τv = 0.27 N/mm2

Ast provided along short span ( Top ) = 335 mm2

Pt provided along short span (Top) = 0.27 %

shear stress in concrete, τc = 0.38 N/mm2

k value for 150 mm thickness of slab = 1.3

shear stress in slab, kτc = 0.49 N/mm2

Safe in Shear

Check for Deflection

basic value of L/d = 26

actual value of L/d = 34

provided tension steel, Ast = 335 mm2

provided tension reinforcement, Pt = 0.27 %

stress in steel due to service loads, fs = 206.9 N/mm2

modification factor, fr = 1.74

permissible value of L/d = 45

Safe in Deflection

Slab Thickness 150 mm

Reinforcement Details:

along short span

Top T8 @ 150mm c/c
Bottom T8 @ 150mm c/c
along long span
Top T8 @ 150mm c/c
Bottom T8 @ 150mm c/c
 ONE WAY SLAB
when Ly / Lx > 2

COVER SLAB

Data: ONE WAY

Grade of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2

Grade of steel, fy = 500 N/mm2

Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Xumax / d = 0.46

Ru = 3.35

effective longer span, Ly = 15.1 m

effective shorter span, Lx = 4.225 m

aspect ratio Ly / Lx = 3.57

assumed thickness of slab, D = 150 mm

effective depth, d = 125 mm

dead load / self weight, D.L = 3.75 kN/m2

soil filling load, S.L = 0 kN/m2

live load / parking load, L.L = 5 kN/m2

floor finishes, F.F = 2 kN/m2

total load, w = 10.75 kN/m2

factored load, wu = 16.13 kN/m2

max B.M @ support of short span, Mus = 31.99 kNm

max B.M @ centre of short span, Muc = 28.79 kNm

required depth of slab, dreq = 98 mm < 125 mm

 Provided Depth is Safe

Design for flexure at Support ( Top )

Mus / bd2 = 2.05 N/mm2

% steel required, Pt ( Top ) = 0.53 %

steel required, Ast ( Top ) = 662.5 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 10 mm

cross sectional area of bar, ast = 78.54 mm2

Spacing required ( Top ) = 119 mm

Spacing provided ( Top ) = 100 mm SAFE

steel provided, Ast ( Top ) = 785 mm2

% steel provided, Pt ( Top ) = 0.63 %

Provide T10 @ 100mm c/c over Support

Design for flexure at span ( Bottom )

Muc / bd2 = 1.84 N/mm2

% steel required, Pt ( Bottom ) = 0.47 %

steel required, Ast ( Bottom ) = 587.5 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 10 mm

cross sectional area of bar, ast = 78.54 mm2

Spacing required ( Bottom ) = 134 mm

Spacing provided ( Bottom ) = 100 mm SAFE

steel provided, Ast ( Bottom ) = 785 mm2

% steel provided, Pt ( Bottom ) = 0.63 %

 Provide T10 @ 100mm c/c along Span

Distribution reinforcement

min area of steel required, Ast = 180 mm2

diameter of bar, Ø = 8 mm

cross sectional area of bar, ast = 50.27 mm2

Spacing required = 279 mm

Spacing provided = 200 mm SAFE

steel provided, Ast = 251 mm2

Provide T8 @ 200mm c/c in both ways

Check for Shear

max Shear force, Vu = 34.07 kN

nominal shear stress, τv = 0.27 N/mm2

% of steel provided at support, Pt = 0.63 %

shear stress in concrete, τc = 0.54 N/mm2

k value for 150 mm thickness of slab = 1.3

shear stress in slab, kτc = 0.7 N/mm2

Safe in Shear

Slab Thickness 150 mm

Reinforcement Details:

along short span

Top T10 @ 100 c/c
Bottom T10 @ 100 c/c
along long span
Top -
Bottom T8 @ 200 c/c