MODULE III

INTERNATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION

 INTRODUCTION

As the world faces the issues on Transnational Crimes, countries

gather forming international regimes and organizations which serve as
united force to counter the effects of such crimes and to protect human
rights in the international setting. One of the well-known law enforcement
organizations internationally actively involved in crime control is the
International Criminal Police Organization. The Philippines is a signatory
country of the United Nation and a member of Interpol.
International Criminal Police Organization or INTERPOL is an
intergovernmental body established to promote cooperation between police
authorities around the world and to develop means of effectively preventing
crime. It is the world's largest international police organization founded in
Vienna in 1923 and reconstituted in 1946. INTERPOL is the world's largest
international police organization, with 194 member countries.

OBJECTIVES

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. Define and identify what is all about INTERPOL.

2. Understand the Core Functions of INTERPOL.
3. Familiarized the function of NCB-INTERPOL Manila.
4. Recall the different mandates of UN and ASEAN.

 DIRECTIONS/ MODULE ORGANIZER

There are four (4) lessons in the module. Read each lesson carefully then
answer the exercises/activities to find out how much you have benefited from it.
Work on these exercises carefully and submit your output to your instructor or to
the ICJE office

In case you encounter difficulty, discuss this with your instructor during the
face-to-face meeting. If not contact your instructor at the ICJE office.

Good luck and happy reading!!!

Lesson 1

 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE

ORGANIZATION(INTERPOL)
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION (INTEROL)

An intergovernmental body established to promote mutual cooperation

between police authorities around the world and to develop means
effectively preventing crime.
It is the world ‘s largest international police organization founded in Vienna
in 1923 and reconstituted in 1946.
It facilitates cross-border police cooperation and supports and assists
organization, authorities, and services whose mission is to prevent or
combat international crime.
it is not a police force rather it is a machinery for international police
cooperation and communication.
International police cooperation is the coordinated action of the member
countries’ police forces, all of which supply and request information and
services.
It is an organization facilitating international police cooperation.
Each of Interpol’s more than 194member countries has a bureau that
maintains close contact with the organization’s General Secretariat. The
bureaus transmit criminal information that may be of interest to other
countries; within their own countries, they undertake inquiries, searches,
and arrests requested by other countries and take steps to implement
resolutions voted on by the annual assembly. Interpol also maintains and
develops databases of fingerprints, DNA records, photographs, and other
information that might be useful in tracking down criminals. Crimes of
particular concern for Interpol are trafficking in human beings, trans
boundary financial and organized crime, and international terrorism.

VISION AND MISSION

The vision – what INTERPOL aspires to achieve

"Connecting police for a safer world"
(Each and every law enforcement professional will be able to securely
communicate, share and access vital police information whenever and
wherever needed, ensuring safety of world ‘s citizen.)

The mission– what INTERPOL does to achieve its vision

"Preventing and fighting crime through enhanced cooperation and
innovation on police and security matters"
 (Facilitate widest possible mutual assistance between all criminal law
enforcement authorities. Ensuring that police service can communicate
securely with each other around the world. Provide operational support on
specific priority crime areas.)

Working Principles

INTERPOL is not a police force. It is the machinery for international police

cooperation and communication. The principles on which Interpol’s functioning is
based have stood the best time. It has become clear that the organization cannot
have teams of detectives with supranational powers who travel around
investigating cases in different countries. International police cooperation is the
coordinated action of the member countries’ police forces, all of which supply and
request information and services.

Some of the important provisions of the Interpol constitution provide for the
following:

a. To ensure and promote the widest possible mutual assistance between all
criminal police authorities, within the limits of the laws existing in the
different countries and in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights; and
b. To establish and develop all institutions likely to contribute effectively to
the prevention and suppression of ordinary law crimes.
c. “It is strictly forbidden for the Organization to undertake any intervention
or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character”.

The INTERPOL is comprised of the following bodies:

1. General Assembly
2. Executive Committee
3. General Secretariat
4. National Central Bureaus
5. Advisers
 The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL's Files

GENERAL ASSEMBLY
EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE

GENERAL INTERPOL GENERAL

SECRETARIAT SECRETARIAT

ADVISERS
COMMISSION FOR THE
CONTROL OF
INTERPOL’S FILES

INTERPOL’s Structure
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

INTERPOL's supreme governing body, it meets annually and comprises

delegates appointed by each member country. The assembly takes all
important decisions related to policy, resources, working methods, finances,
activities, and programs.

The General Assembly is composed of delegates appointed by the

governments of Member countries. As INTERPOL's supreme governing body,
it meets once a year and takes all the major decisions affecting general
policy, the resources needed for international co-operation, working
methods, finances, and programs of activities. It also elects the
Organization's Executive Committee.

 THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

This 13-member committee is elected by the General Assembly, and

comprises the president, three vice-presidents and nine delegates. The
Executive Committee is INTERPOL'S select deliberative organ which meets
three times a year, usually in March, July and immediately before the
General Assembly.

In accordance with Article 15 of (their) Constitution, the Executive

Committee has 13 members comprising the: president of the organization, 3
vice-presidents and 9 delegates. These members are elected by the General
Assembly and should belong to different countries. The president is elected
for 4 years, and vice-presidents for 3. They are not immediately eligible for
re-election either to the same posts, or as delegates to the Executive
Committee.

 THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT

The general secretariat, based in Lyon, France, is the permanent

administrative headquarters. It coordinates the international activities of
member countries, holds a library of international criminal records, and
organizes regular meetings at which delegates can exchange information on
police work. The General Secretariat operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
and is run by the Secretary General. Officials from more than 80 countries
work side-by-side in any of the Organization’s four official languages (Arabic,
English, French and Spanish).

The Secretariat has seven regional offices across the world; in Argentina,
Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Kenya, Thailand, and Zimbabwe, along
with Special Representatives at the United Nations in New York and at the
European Union in Brussels.
  THE NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS (NCB)
The NCB is the designated contact point for the General Secretariat, regional
offices and other member countries requiring assistance with overseas
investigations and the location and apprehension of fugitives. Each INTERPOL
member country maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by national law
enforcement officers.

 THE ADVISERS
These are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the
Executive Committee and confirmed by the General Assembly.

 THE COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF INTERPOL'S FILES (CCF)

This is an independent body whose mandate is threefold:

1. to ensure that the processing of personal information by INTERPOL
complies with the organization's regulations,
2. to advise INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules or other
matter involving the processing of personal information and
3. to process requests concerning the information contained in INTERPOL's
files.

INTERPOL EMBLEM Symbolism

6 ELEMENTS MEANING

GLOBE Worldwide activities

OLIVE BRANCHES Symbolize peace

"INTERPOL" Below the globe in the center of the olive

branches

A VERTICAL SWORD BEHIND THE GLOBE Symbolizing police action.

THE ABBREVIATIONS "OIPC" AND "ICPO" Above the globe either side of the sword

THE SCALES BELOW THE OLIVE BRANCHES Symbolize justice

THINK!

1. Research the emblem of INTERPOL, draw, label, and indicate their

respective meanings.
2. Who is the current President of INTERPOL?
3. Who is the first Filipino President of INTERPOL?
Lesson 2

 INTERPOL’S CORE FUNCTION/EXPERTISE

INTERPOL’S CORE FUNCTION/EXPERTISE

1. Secure global police communication services

INTERPOL has developed a global police communications system,
known as I-24/7, which enables any member country to request for, and
submit and access, vital data instantly in a secure environment. Liaison
Bureau (LB) is connected to this system and frontline officers can obtain
INTERPOL services via LB.

INTERPOL Communication Data Base: I-24/7 & I-link

All INTERPOL member countries are connected through a secure
communications system known as I-24/7.
(NOTE: I – stands for INTERPOL / 24 – 24 hours a day / 7 – 7 days a week)

 I-24/7
Created on January 2003
It is a secure global police network or global police communications
system to connect law enforcement officers in all our member
countries. A network that enables investigators to access INTERPOL
‘s range of criminal databases
It is the foundation of information exchange between the world's
police
It is installed at all National Central Bureaus
This gives police real-time access to criminal databases containing
millions of records
A unique system of Notices is used to alert member countries to
fugitives, dangerous criminals, missing persons, or weapons threats
It enables authorized users to share sensitive and urgent police
information with their counterparts around the globe, 24 hours a
day, 365 days a year
It enables investigators to access INTERPOL's range of criminal
databases. Authorized users can search and cross-check data in a
matter of seconds, with direct access to databases on suspected
criminals or wanted persons, stolen and lost travel documents, stolen
motor vehicles, fingerprints, DNA profiles, stolen administrative
documents and stolen works of art
 Enhanced communication service and innovative, user friendly tool
for international law enforcement
A creative, modern, and sophisticated way to make international law
enforcement efforts more effective and easier to perform.

 I-Link
It is a unique and dynamic operational system that centralizes and
continually enhances database features.
It helps make connections between seemingly unrelated
investigation, by identifying common threads.

2. Operational Data Services and databases for police

Through I-24/7, member countries, including the Force, have direct
and immediate access to a wide range of databases, including Nominal Data;
Stolen and Lost Travel Documents; Stolen Motor Vehicles; Stolen Works of
Art; DNA Profiles; Fingerprints, and Counterfeit Payment Cards.

For instance, in 2008, Organized Crime and Triad Bureau utilized the
Stolen Motor Vehicles Database during an operation and identified three
recovered vehicles as the ones reported stolen by the National Police
Agency of Japan.

INTERPOL’s Data Bases:

a. ASF Stolen/Lost Travel Documents

Cases wherein documents identified lost or stolen were linked to high
profile cases involving suspected terrorist and war criminals.
b. Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) –(IAEWG-INTERPOL
AFIS EXPERT WORKING GROUP)
Promote use of standards for the capture, storage, and transmission
of fingerprints electronically.
c. DNA
Provide strategic and technical support to enhance member DNA profiling
capacity and promote its widespread use in the international law
enforcement environment monitor under DNA Unit with the INTERPOL
Data Monitoring Expert Group.
d. Stolen Vehicle Database
(ASF-SMW) or the Automated Search Facility Stolen Motor Vehicle, a
data base use to support police in the fight against international vehicle
theft trafficking. INTERPOL IMLASS or the Interpol Money Laundering
Automated Search Service.
e. IWeTS (INTERPOL Weapons and Explosives Tracking System)
A tool which will provide Member States with the capabilities to trace
illicit firearms that are seized through law enforcement investigations
 and activities in their countries. This is used to provide easier to initiate
the trace of a specific weapon and enhance investigations relating to
criminal and terrorism matters at both the national and international
levels.
f. INTERPOL Money Laundering Automated Search Service (IMLASS)
Assist anti-money laundering and terrorism financing investigators
and automatically compare suspected money laundering and terrorism
financing—related queries against database records submitted by
INTERPOL member countries.
g. Integrated Solutions to Access INTERPOL's Databases- FIND / MIND
A new Integrated Solutions to allow for instant access for example to
its database on stolen and lost travel documents. This new technology
called FIND / MIND refers to the two different ways of connecting
INTERPOL's databases at border entry points or other field locations.
h. BORDER and PORTS Security Center
Increase security at borders and all point of entry by supporting
member countries in monitoring, prevention, and investigation of
fraudulent and illegal activities.

3. Operational Police Services

Based at IPSG, the Command and Co-ordination Centre operates
around the clock. It links IPSG, National Central Bureaus and regional
offices, and serves as the first point of contact for any member country
faced with a crisis. This may include deployment of Incident Response
Teams or Disaster Victim Identification Teams to the sites of terrorist
attacks or natural disasters, or INTERPOL Major Event Support Teams
(IMEST) to assist the host countries of sporting events or world summits with
security efforts. For example, INTERPOL sent their IMEST to render
assistance to the Force during Hong Kong's hosting of the WTO MC6
Conference in 2005.

24-HOUR RESPONSE (Operational Police Services)

● The Command and Coordination Centre (CCC) is operational around the
clock and serves as the first point of contact for any member country
faced with a crisis. We can deploy specialized response teams to the
scene of a serious crime or disaster or to assist with security preparations
for a major international event.

Command & Coordination Centre

It’s the operations room at INTERPOL, offering a point of contact for
any member country seeking urgent police information or facing a
crisis.
 Manned 24 hours a day, 365 days a year by staff members of various
backgrounds and nationalities who are fluent in several different
languages.
The original operations room based is at the General Secretariat in
Lyon, France,
The CCC has reinforced its global response with the opening of
additional sites at the INTERPOL Regional Bureau in:
a. Buenos Aires, Argentina (2011); and
b. INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation in Singapore (2015)
It provides better provide 24/7 operational support across time zones
while delivering more direct assistance and communications on a
regional basis.

Command & Coordination Centre

 is the NERVE CENTER of Interpol’s daily operations

SERVICES AND ACTIVITIES

The CCC strengthens the reactivity and operational effectiveness of the
world's police through the following functions:
a. Assessing all incoming communications and determining the priority level
of each message received by the General Secretariat.
b. Conducting instant checks on all INTERPOL databases; distributing and
assigning information; and replying to all urgent queries immediately.
c. Monitoring open sources to assess threats and to ensure the full
resources of the Organization are ready and available whenever and
wherever they may be needed.
d. Coordinating the exchange of intelligence and information for important
operations, and involving specialist units, regional offices, and external
partners as necessary.
e. Issuing alerts and publishing Notices where threats pose an imminent
danger. These include Orange Notices to warn police and/or the public
about potential threats, and Purple Notices, used to seek or provide
information on Modi operandi.
f. Assuming a crisis-management role during serious incidents, such as
terrorist attacks, and coordinating specialized assistance in the form of
an Incident Response Team. This brings together experts in various
fields, such as forensic science, DNA, drugs, and so on.
g. Deploying support teams at major events with an international
implication to support national police with security arrangements.

INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAMS

An INTERPOL Incident Response Team (IRT) is a team of experts deployed
at the request of a member country during a crisis. There are 2 types of
IRT:
a. DISASTER - an emergency response to unforeseen catastrophic
events, such as large-scale accidents or natural disasters. Disaster
IRT’s generally provide disaster victim identification assistance.
b. CRIME - the deployment of specialized personnel to assist and
support country faced with a major or serious police issue. Crime
IRTs provide specific expertise and investigative support to police.

INTERPOL NOTICES
Issued by INTERPOL to share information between its members
International requests for cooperation or alerts allowing police in
member countries to share critical crime-related information.
It is published by INTERPOL’s General Secretariat at the request of
National Central Bureaus (NCBs) and authorized entities
The seven types of notices and their objectives are:
 DIFFUSION
Another request for cooperation or alert mechanism like notice
Less formal than a notice but is also used to request:
the arrest or location of an individual
additional information in relation to a police investigation
Circulated directly by an NCB to the member countries of their choice, or
to the entire INTERPOL membership and is simultaneously recorded in
INTERPOL’s Information System.

4. Police Training and development

 It plays a key role in INTERPOL’s overall mission to promote international
police cooperation.
 The aims are to help officials in INTERPOL’s 194 member countries to
improve their operational effectiveness, enhance their skills and build their
capacity to address the increasingly globalized and sophisticated nature of
criminality today
 INTERPOL Global Learning Centre is a Learning Management System
composed of a directory of experts, e-learning packages and a depository of
research papers and best practices. Together with regular training
programs, the organization ultimately aims at enhancing member countries'
capacity in combatting transnational crime and terrorism.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEF OF POLICE (IACP)

 As the world ‘s largest and most influential professional association for

police leaders
  The world's oldest and largest non-profit membership organization of
police executives, with over 20,000 members in over 89 different
countries. IACP's leadership consists of the operating chief executives
of international, federal, state, and local agencies of all sizes.
 It is committed to advancing the safety of communities worldwide
 With more than 30,000 members in 150 countries Recognized leader in
global policing, committed to advancing safer communities through
thoughtful, progressive police leadership
 Since 1893, the association has been serving communities worldwide
by speaking out on behalf of law enforcement and advancing
leadership and professionalism in policing worldwide.
 Known for its commitment to enhancing community safety by shaping
the future of the police profession
 Preparing current and emerging police leaders—and the agencies and
communities they serve—to succeed in addressing the most pressing
issues, threats, and challenges of the day.
 It is a not-for-profit organization headquartered in Alexandria,
Virginia.
 It is the publisher of The Police Chief magazine
 IACP membership is open to law enforcement professionals of all
ranks, as well as non-sworn leaders across the criminal justice system.

MISSION

The International Association of Chiefs of Police is dedicated to advancing

the policing profession through advocacy, research, outreach, and education
in order to provide for safer communities worldwide

VISION

Shaping the future of the policing profession.

THINK!
1. Does INTERPOL’s core functions make a significant
contribution to our country? How and why?
2. Explain in your own words the mission of IACP.
Lesson 3

 NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU- INTERPOL MANILA

ICP-Interpol National Central Bureau

The ICPO- Interpol Constitution calls for the appointment by each member country
of a body to serve as the Nationals Central Bureau (NCB). Recognizing the
importance of the role of the NCBs in the context of international police co-
operation and believing that for an NCB to be effective and meet the needs of
international police co-operation, the document entitled “The National Central
Bureau of the ICP-Interpol: Policy”, was adopted as set of policy guidelines for the
NCBs.

The NCBs activities can be summarized as follows:

a. Collects documents and criminal intelligence, which have a direct bearing

on international police co-operation from sources in those own countries
and pass this material on to the other NCBs and the General Secretariat.
b. Ensures that police action or operations requested by another country’s
NCBs are carried out on their territory.
c. Receives requests for information, checks, etc. from another NCBs and reply
to such request.
d. Transmits request for international co-operation made by their own courts
or police departments to the NCBs of other countries; and
e. The Heads of the NCBs attend Interpol General Assembly sessions as
members of their country’s delegations, and subsequently ensure that the
Assembly’s resolution is implemented.

The NCBs communicate directly among themselves. However, they keep the
General Secretariat informed of their investigations so that the latter can perform
its task of centralizing information and coordinating cooperation.

National Central Bureau- Interpol Manila

The NCB-Interpol Manila traces its beginnings in 1961 when the Philippines became
a member of the ICPO – INTERPOL, with the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
as its focal point. Since then, the NCB-Interpol Manila has undergone changes,
which enable it to confront the challenges of the times.
In one of the General Assembly meetings of the ICPO-INTERPOL, it has been
decided and adopted that the National Central Bureau shall be handled by the
controlling body or Headquarters of the Criminal Police Organization of a member
State to be able to do its undertakings with authority.

In compliance thereto the President of the Philippines issued Memorandum Order

Nr. 92 on February 15, 1993, designating the Philippine National Police as the
INTERPOL National Central Bureau for the Philippines, with the Chief, Philippine
National Police (PNP) as its concurrent Chairman.

The Interpol National Central Bureau was Originally composed of the following
members:

Director General Philippine National Police Chairman

Director, National Bureau of Investigation Member The first
four Commissioner, Bureau of Customs Member were
Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue Member
Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration Member
Governor, BangkoSentral ng Pilipinas Member
Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board Member
Commissioner, Economic Intelligence and Member
Investigation Bureau (EIIB)
designated by the President, and the last four were unanimously chosen by
members of the NATIONAL Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee (NALECC) as
authorized by the President thru NALECC Resolution 93-10 dated 21 July 1993.

A significant change in its membership however was noted following the

dissolution of EIIB in 1999. The Executive Director of PCTC was chosen to replace
the Commissioner, EIIB pursuant to NALECC Resolution No. 02-2000 dated 26 March
2002 and was subsequently designated as Head, NCB Secretariat. The NCB
Secretariat was transferred to PCTC pursuant to Executive Order No. 100 dated 7
May 1999. Subsequently, the Central Management Office of the Department of
Finance (DOF). The Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission, the Philippine
Drug Enforcement Agency, the Anti-Money Laundering Council, and the
Department of Finance become a member of the NALECC Sub-Committee on
Interpol pursuant to NALECC Resolutions. The member agencies of the NALECC
Sub-Committee on Interpol also serve as Functional Sub-agencies of the NALECC
Sub-Committee on Interpol also serve as Functional Sub-Committee on Interpol
also serve as Functional Sub-Bureaus of Interpol NCB Manila

Mission and Function of Interpol NCB-Manila

NCB-INTERPOL Manila serves as the office and main coordinating body for
international police cooperation against transnational crimes representing all law
enforcement agencies in the Philippines. In the accomplishment of its mission,

NCB-INTERPOL Manila has the following functions.

1. Monitor and coordinate all activities of all law enforcement agencies relative to
transnational crime committed against or affecting the Philippines.
2. Maintain records and minutes of all meetings of NCB-INTERPOL Manila.
3. Operate and maintain the operation center of NCB-INTERPOL Manila as the
focal point for international cooperation against transnational crimes for all law
enforcement agencies in the Philippines; and
4. The NCB-INTERPOL Manila also functions as a sub-committee of the NALECC for
the monitoring of the sensitive activities of the latter.

Roles and Function of NCB Sub-Bureaus

1. Receives request for information and record checks of local and foreign
nationals and reply to such request.
2. Conduct investigation of cases brought to their attention involving Filipino’s
and foreign nationals as requested by other Interpol member countries.
3. Monitor result of investigation for cases referred by Interpol for compliance
and feedback.
4. Ensures that cases referred for action are acted upon, and reports are
rendered promptly.
5. Informs Interpol Manila on any case being handled by their agency involving
foreign nationals or seek assistance for verification or any coordination
needed with other Interpol member countries based on the Standard
Message Format.
6. Maintain a list of wanted persons (local/foreign) circulated by Interpol and
inform Interpol Manila of any arrest.
7. Gives summaries of the most important international cases in which their
agency was involved; and
8. Submits periodic activity report of accomplishments to Interpol Manila based
on the Standard Message Format.

Information exchange between the Interpol General Secretariat and NCBs.

In its progress towards the goals and objectives set for the organization
renewal of INTERPOL, the organization has undergone enormous changes in recent
years notably in the strengthening of international police cooperation and in the
modernization of telecommunications.

For Interpol to facilitate the rapid and reliable exchange of criminal

investigative information among the police of member countries, the NCBs used
the Interpol Global Communication System (I-24/7). In technical terms, I-24/7 is a
security technology network which operates using Internet protocols and state of
the art security technology. It delivers fast, reliable, and secure information in a
highly user-friendly manner permitting immediate analysis and identification. NCBs
now have easy and immediate access to criminal information (drugs, counterfeit
credit cards and fraudulently identity documents, stolen vehicles, international
notices, weapons, and explosives tracking system, fingerprints and DNA, Stolen
works of art…)

Telecommunication Network (X-400 Communication System)

One of INTERPOL’s prime objective is to ensure that it’s Member States have
rapid, reliable, secure, and permanently available system for transmitting to each
other to the General Secretariat. The telecommunication as network, security by
encryption system. The information to be transmitted maybe anything from typed
text to images, fingerprints to database consolations, photographs to facts files.

Benefits that the Philippines Derive as Member of the INTERPOL

1. As member of the ICPO-INTERPOL we can have access to police information

on international Criminal Cases.
2. Access to International Summaries of Criminal Cases.
3. Attend meetings and symposiums on case of special topics.
4. Request information about criminal intelligence in an international
perspective through the criminal intelligence subdivision.
5. Access to information dealing with economic and financial crime in an
international level.
6. Access to information dealing with illicit drug trafficking in an international
level.
7. Recipient of reference materials on criminology, crime prevention, criminal
law and procedures, techniques used by the police etc.
8. Participate in I.C.P.O – Interpol organized trainings.
9. Receives technical assistance and support on telecommunication and
computerization.
10.Use of the IPSG to circulate information intended for International
Circulation:
a. Individual notices
b. Stolen property notices
c. Modus operandi sheets
d. Facilitating identification
e. Criminal information on intelligence
11.Receives cooperation from other NCB’s in Combating International Crimes
such as:
a. Crimes against person
b. Crime against property
c. Organized crime and terrorism
d. Firearms and explosives used for criminal purposes
e. Human trafficking, exploitation of prostitution, child abuse
f. Unlawful interference with international civil aviation
g. Trafficking of precious substance (gold, diamond, etc.)
h. Currency counterfeiting and forgery
i. Identification, tracing, seizure and forfeiture of assets derived from
criminal activities
j. Illicit drug trafficking
k. Drug related activities
12.Receives cooperation on matters involving extradition from other NCB’s.
13.Receives technical assistance granted by the more advanced countries to
less advanced countries especially in connection with training and
specialization of police personnel.

THINK!
 Draw/Layout the structure of NALECC Sub-committee on NCB-Manila.

Lesson 4

 UNITED NATIONS AND ASEAN

United Nations
- The United Nations is an international organization whose aims include
promoting and facilitating cooperation in international law, international
security, economic development, social progress, human rights, civil rights,
civil liberties, political freedoms, democracy, and the achievement of lasting
world peace.

- Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the declaration

by United Nation. This declaration was made to officially state the
Cooperation of the allies (Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of
soviet Socialist Republics)

- The UN was founded on October 24, 1945, after World War II to replace the
League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a
platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry
out its missions.

- At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; as of 2011, there are 193.

- The UN's most prominent position is that of the office of Secretary-General

which has been held by Ban Ki-moon of South Korea since 2007.

Branches of United Nations

1. UN general Assembly
- This is the main decision-making and representative assembly in the
UN through its policies and recommendations. It is composed of all
member states, is headed by a president elected from the member
states, and meets from September to December
Functions of General Assembly
a) Deliberative- initiating studies and making recommendations for the
development of international law
b) Supervisory- receiving and considering annual and special reports
from another organs
c) Financial- approval and apportionment of budget
d) Elective - election of non-permanent members of the security council
 e) Constituent- admissions of members and the amendments of charter

2. UN Security Council
- It is another branch in the organization of the UN and is the most
powerful of all the branches.

FUNCTIONS
a. Preventive Action
- consist of provisional measures to prevent a conflict from worsening
and may involve the deployment of PEACEKEEPING AND OBSERVER
missions.
b. Enforcement Action
- consist of deployment of air, sea, and land forces
Five Permanent Members of Security Council
1. China
2. France
3. Russia
4. United Kingdom
5. United States
Note: The other 10 members are rotating or elective members for a period of
two years by the General Assembly

3. International Court of Justice

- Located in the Hague, Netherlands. This branch is responsible for
the judicial matters of the UN.
4. Secretariat
-Its main responsibility is providing studies, Information, and other
data needed.

5. Economic and Social Council

- consists of 45 members elected by the General Assembly for a 3-
year term.

Efforts are Towards the Following:

a. Higher standards of living
b. Condition of economic and social progress and development
c. Solutions of international economic, social, health and related
problems
d. Universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms

6. Trusteeship Council
 - assists the security council and the general assembly in the
administration of the International Trusteeship System.

UNITED NATION CHARTER

It is closest to a constitution that basically governs the relations of
international persons. Technically, it is a Treaty.
TREATY
It is an international agreement concluded between states in written form
and sworn by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in
two or more instruments and whatever its designation.

UN POLICE SERVICES
The mission of UN Police is to enhance international peace and security by
supporting Member-States in conflict, post-conflict, and other crisis situations.
Its goal is to realize effective, efficient, representative, responsive, and
accountable police services that serve and protect the population. To that
end, United Nations Police build and support or, where mandated, act as a
substitute or partial substitute for host-State police capacity to prevent and
detect crime, protect life and property, and maintain public order and
safety, in adherence to the rule of law and international human rights law.
(https://police.un.org/en)

WHAT PEACEKEEPING DOES?

UN Peacekeeping helps countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to
peace. We have unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an
ability to deploy troops and police from around the world, integrating them with
civilian peacekeepers to address a range of mandates set by the UN Security
Council and General Assembly.
(https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/arellano-university/bs-
criminology/comparative-police-system/9054929)

WHAT IS ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)?

ASEAN was established August 8, 1967, by member
countries Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore. The
precursor of ASEAN was the Association of South East Asia, which consisted of the
Philippines, Thailand, and the Federation of Malaya.
The most recent addition to ASEAN is Cambodia, which joined in 1999. Since
its conception with five countries in 1967, ASEAN has doubled in membership.
PURPOSE
ASEAN’s purpose is to promote economic and cultural exchange among its
member countries, maintain peace and stability in Southeast Asia, and establish
relationships with foreign powers with similar aims. ASEAN formed during the Cold
War to promote stability and cooperation in a politically turbulent region.

HOW DOES ASEAN MAKE DECISION?

ASEAN creates and implements policy based on a system of consultation and
consensus. Consultations occur between governments before a proposal is brought
to discussion, and a proposal is only passed after there is consensus from all
member governments.
(https://www.britannica.com/event/Asian-financial-crisis)

ASEAN DECLARATION ON TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

WE, the ASEAN Ministers of Interior/Home Affairs and Representatives of
ASEAN Member Countries, participating in the first ASEAN Conference on
Transnational Crime held in Manila on 18-20 December 1997.
CONCERNED about the pernicious effects of transnational crime, such as
terrorism, illicit drug trafficking, arms smuggling, money laundering, traffic in
persons and piracy on regional stability and development, the maintenance of the
rule of law and the welfare of the region's peoples.

RECOGNIZING the need for clear and effective regional modalities to combat these
forms of crimes, especially on the aspect of information exchange and policy
coordination.

RECALLING the Naples Political Declaration and Global Plan of Action of 23

November 1994, this sought international solidarity and effective legal cooperation
against these forms of crime.

RECALLING FURTHER the Baguio Communiqué adopted during the first

International Conference on Terrorism held in Baguio City, Philippines, on 18-21
February 1996, which endeavored to enhance international cooperation against all
forms of terrorism through such modalities as intelligence-sharing, coordinated
policies and law enforcement training.

NOTING the decision of the 29th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (AMM) in Jakarta
in July 1996 on the need to focus attention on such issues as narcotics, economic
crimes, including money laundering, environment and illegal migration which
transcend borders and affect the lives of the people in the region, and the urgent
need to manage such transnational issues so that they would not affect the long-
term viability of ASEAN and its individual member nations.

ENDEAVOURING to further the decision of the First Informal ASEAN Summit

in November 1996 in Jakarta to request the relevant ASEAN bodies to study the
possibility of regional cooperation on criminal matters, including extradition.
 PURSUANT to the decision of the 30th AMM in Kuala Lumpur in July 1997
which stressed the need for sustained cooperation in addressing transnational
concerns including the fight against terrorism, trafficking in people, illicit drugs
and arms and piracy.

AFFIRMING the agreement among Heads of Government during the Second

Informal Summit in December 1997 in Kuala Lumpur to take firm and stern
measures to combat transnational crime such as drug trafficking and trafficking of
women and children, as well as other transnational crime; and,

CONVINCED that the continuity of existing global framework against

transnational crime rests on consolidated regional action in the institutional and
operational spheres:

HAVE RESOLVED TO CONFRONT THE PROBLEM OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

THROUGH THE FOLLOWING MEASURES:

1. Strengthen the commitment of Member Countries to cooperate at the

regional level in combating the transnational crime.
2. Convene at least once every two years ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on
Transnational Crime to coordinate activities of relevant ASEAN bodies, such
as the ASEAN Senior Officials on Drug Matters (ASOD) and the ASEAN Chiefs
of National Police (ASEANAPOL).
3. Hold discussions with a view to signing mutual legal assistance agreements,
bilateral treaties, memorandum of understanding or other arrangements
among Member Countries.
4. Consider the establishment of an ASEAN Centre on Transnational Crime
(ACOT) which will coordinate regional efforts against transnational crime
through intelligence sharing, harmonization of policies and coordination of
operations.
5. Convene a high-level ad-hoc Experts Group within one year to accomplish
the following with the assistance of the ASEAN Secretariat:
a. a. ASEAN Plan of Action on Transnational Crime,
b. Institutional Framework for ASEAN Cooperation on Transnational
Crime, and,
c. Feasibility study on the establishment of ACOT.
6. Encourage Member Countries to consider assigning Police Attaches and/or
Police Liaison Officers in each other's capital in order to facilitate
cooperation for tackling transnational crime.
7. Encourage networking of the relevant national agencies or organizations in
Member Countries dealing with transnational crime to further enhance
information exchange and dissemination.
8. Expand the scope of Member Countries' efforts against transnational crime
such as terrorism, illicit drug trafficking, arms smuggling, money laundering,
traffic in persons and piracy, and to request the ASEAN Secretary-General to
include these areas in the work program of the ASEAN Secretariat.
9. Explore ways by which the Member Countries can work closer with relevant
agencies and organizations in Dialogue Partner countries, other countries
and international organizations, including the United Nations and its
 specialized agencies, Colombo Plan Bureau, Interpol and such other
agencies, to combat transnational crime.
10.Cooperate and coordinate more closely with other ASEAN bodies such as
the ASEAN Law Ministers and Attorneys-General, the ASEAN Chiefs of
National Police, the ASEAN Finance Ministers, the Directors-General of
Immigration and the Directors-General of Customs in the investigations,
prosecution, and rehabilitation of perpetrators of such crimes; and,
11.Strengthen the ASEAN Secretariat's capacity to assist the Member Countries
in initiating, planning, and coordinating activities, strategies, programs, and
projects to combat transnational crime.
SIGNED this 20th day of December 1997 in Manila, Philippines.

THINK!
1. Research the emblem of UNITED NATIONS and indicate their
respective meanings.
2. Who is the current Chief Administrative Officer of UNITED NATIONS?
3. What are the 6 official languages of UNITED NATIONS?
4. What countries are part of ASEAN?
5. Who is the current Secretary-General of ASEAN?