 Founder of Apple

Computers – Steve Jobs

 Founder of Artificial
Intelligence – John McCarthy
 Founder of Bluetooth
– Ericsson
 Founder of Microsoft
– Bill Gates and Paul Allen
 Founder of Mobile
Phones – Martin Cooper
 Founder of WWW –
Tim Berners-Lee
 Founder of WWW –
Tim Berners-Lee
 Founder of Yahoo
– Jurry Yang and David Filo
 Founder of Internet
– Vint Cerf
 Founder of Google –
Larry Page and Sergey Brin
What is external memory in a computer?

Ans. This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile.

It is slower than the main memory. These are used for storing data/information
permanently. CPU directly does not access these memories, instead they are
accessed via input-output routines

Why do we need memory in a computer?

Ans. Memory is needed to store data and retrieve it when needed. Computers
have two kind of memory, one is primary and another is secondary.
Secondary memory is commonly known as just storage. It's used to store files
when they are not needed by the processors.

Q. why is external memory required in a computer system?

Ans. A computer system external memory required to increase the storage of

computer for further use.
Q. What is multi-tasking and multi-user system ?
Ans- MULTI -TASKING is an OS is allowing are user to perform more than one
computer task at a time
MULTI-USER is a term that defines an OS computer program that allow used by
more than one user of same computer at a time
Q. What is cache memory?
Ans. CACHE MEMORY it is also a volatile memory. it is a very high speed
semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. All the recent instructions
our Store in the cache memory. The cash memory e is attached for storing the
input which is given by the user and which is necessary for the CPU to perform a
task.

it is used which are most frequently used by the CPU. earlier cache memories
where available separately but nowadays the microprocessor contain the cache
memory on the chip itself.

Classification of Computers

There are three major categories based on which computers can be classified.
These are:

1. Based on Size

2. Based on Purpose

3. Based on Types

The image given below gives a clear classification of the Types of Computers:
Further in this article, we shall discuss in detail the above-mentioned types of
computer in detail for candidates to understand them easily and efficiently.

Types of Computer-Based on Types

The three types of computers along with their functions are given below:

 Analog Computer – Analog computer is that computer, which is use to

process continuously varying data. Everything we see and hear is change
continuously. This changeable continuous stream of data is called analog
data. Analog computer can be used in scientific and industrial applications
Examples of analog computer are temperature, pressure, telephone lines,
Speedometer, resistance of capacitor, frequency of signal and voltage etc.

 Digital Computer – Such computers are capable of solving problems in

discrete format. It only operates on data entered in binary language and
can perform the dynamic function of managing large amounts of data and
regulating the operations of the machine, Examples of Digital computers
are Desktop, Laptop, Mobile Phones, etc.

 Hybrid Computer – Computers that exhibit features of both Analog and

Digital computers are called Hybrid Computers. The logical operations are
solved by the digital aspects and the differential equations are solved using
the analog features. Few important examples of Hybrid Computers include
Space Flights, Food processing Plants, etc. 
Types of Computers – Based on Size

Described below are the four types of Computers based on their sizes along with
their functions:

 Micro Computers – A relatively inexpensive and small computer comprising

a microprocessor and a Central Processing Unit (CPU) is called a
Microcomputer. Such computers are made with minimal circuitry mounting
over a single circuit board. Examples include Desktop, Laptop, etc.

 Mini Computer – Developed in the mid-1960s, Mini computers are

comparatively smaller than mainframe computers. They were developed
keeping in consideration human interaction, control instrumentation and
were cost-effective. For example Smartphones, iPads, etc.

 Mainframe Computer – Computers used by large Organisations to manage

bulk data are called Mainframe computers. Main functions of such type
include managing customer statistics, census and other heavy data in a
single device. For example, the system used at Trading companies.

 Super Computer – Computers used at Organisations dealing with Weather

forecasting, Quantum Mechanics, Climate research, etc., where high level
of performance has to be justified are called Super Computers.

Types of Computer – By Purpose

On the basis of purpose, there are just two variety of computers. Those two
varieties have been discussed in detail below:

1. General Purpose – Based on General Purpose, there are these following

functions which a device is expected to perform:

1. Basic Input/Output functions

2. Calculations

3. Data Saving on a smaller scale

 4. General performing activities

These may include basic calculators, laptops, desktop computers, mobile phones,
etc., which can help people with their basic necessary functions are included in
the General Purpose computer type.

 Special Purpose – When a computer is designed specifically to perform a

certain function, such type of computers is known as Special Purpose
computer. These types may include:

1.

1. Thermometers to test temperature

2. Generators to manage electricity

3. Devices used for analysing Climate Change

4. Large computers for IT Companies

5. Machines used at Manufacturing Units and the list goes on and on

The special-purpose computers are important for various Organisations and their
applications are made in a way that makes the work easy and efficient. 

Aspirants are also advised to also check the Preparation Strategy for Competitive
Exams at the linked article and get the best tips and strategies to ace the
upcoming Government exams. 
Advantages of Computer :
1. Multitasking Multitasking –
Multitasking Multitasking is one among the main advantage of computer.
Person can do multiple task, multiple operation at a same time, calculate
numerical problems within few seconds. Computer can perform millions or
trillions of work in one second.
2. Speed –
Now computer isn’t just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has vital
role in human life. One of the most advantages of computer is its incredible
speed, which helps human to finish their task in few seconds.
3. Cost/ Stores huge –
Amount of knowledge it’s a coffee cost solution. Person can save huge data
 within a coffee budget. Centralized database of storing information is that the
major advantage which will reduce cost.
4. Accuracy –
One among the basis advantage of computer is which will perform not only
calculations but also with accuracy.
5. Data Security –
Protecting digital data is understood as data security.
6. Task completer –
Completes tasks that might be impossible for humans to complete.
7. Communication –
Computer helps the user in better understanding and communication with
the other devices.
8. Productivity –
The level of productivity gets automatically doubled as the computer can
done the work at very fast.
9. Reduces work load –
Information are often accessed by more then one person with the necessity
for work to be duplicated.
10. Reliability –
Computers can perform same sort of work repeatedly without throwing up
errors thanks to tiredness or boredom, which are quite common among
humans.
11. Storage –
The pc has an in-built memory where it can store an outsized amount of
knowledge . You can also store data in auxiliary storage devices.
Disadvantages of computer :
1. Virus and hacking attacks –
Virus may be a worm and hacking is just an unauthorized access over
computer for a few illicit purpose. Virus can go to other system from email
attachment, viewing an infected website advertisement, through removable
device like USB etc.
2. Online Cyber Crimes –
Online cyber-crime means computer and network may have utilized in order
to commit crime. Cyberstalking and fraud are the points which comes under
online cyber-crimes.
3. Reduction employed opportunity –
Mainly past generation wasn’t used of the pc or they need the knowledge of
computer they faced an enormous problem when computer came in field.
4. High cost –
Computers are expensive. Even the foremost affordable computers are still
very expensive for the typical person in South Africa. Since computers
empower people.
5. Distractions/disruptions –
If you’ve got ever spent hours browsing the web or watching videos on
YouTube, then you recognize how distracting computers can be! Because of
their high entertainment value.
6. Increases waste and impacts the environment –
With the speed that computers and other electronics get replaced, all of the
old devices that get thrown away have a big impact on the environment.