Jose Arrogante- Noong 1983, para kay Arrogante, isang talaan ng buhay ang panitikankung saan

nagsisiwalat ang isang tao ng mga bagay na kaugnay ng napupuna niyang kulayng buhay at
buhay sa kanyang daigdig na kinabibilangan. Ginagawa ito ng isang tao sapamamagitan ng
malikhain pamamaraan - https://www.coursehero.com/file/55194737/Panitikandocx/ - (NA
PASTE KO NA)

The MELCs were provided by DepEd as the primary reference for all Schools, Schools
Division Offices (SD0s) and Regional Offices (R0s) in determining and implementing
learning delivery approaches that are suited to the local context and diversity of
learners, while adapting to the challenges posed by COVID-19. Schools are hereby
instructed to refer to the MELCs in creating learning activity sheets, self-learning
modules, and other instructional materials. Moreover, schools are enjoined to adhere to
the content of the MELCs and refrain from creating a new list of learning competencies
for different learning areas. - https://depeddasma.edu.ph/dm-no-89-s-2020-
clarifications-on-the-use-of-the-most-essential-learning-competencies-melcs-and-other-
related-issues/

Ano nga ba ang Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)?

Ang mga MELC ay tinutukoy na mga kailangan ng isang mag-aaral upang magpatuloy
sa kanyang marka, makatawid sa susunod na baitang, at magkaroon ng isang
matagumpay na buhay na hinubog ng may kaliad na edukasyon. Ang mga katangian ng
MELC ay:

a. Nakahanay ito sa pambansang pamantayan o mga balangkas, tulad ng, “holistic

Filipino learners with 21st Century Skills”.
b. Nagkokonekta ito ng nilalaman sa mga mas mataas na konsepto sa iba’t ibang
content areas.
c. Naaangkop ang mga ito sa mga sitwasyon sa totoong buhay.
d. Mahalaga ang mga itong matutunan ng mga mag-aaral kahit may mag-drop out man
sa paaralan.
e. Hindi ito karaniwang natututunan ng mga mag-aaral kung hindi itinuro sa paaralan. –
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/07/13/melcs/

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Filipino-CG.pdf -Pagkatapos ng
Ikawalong Baitang, naipamamalas ng mag-aaral ang kakayahang komunikatibo, mapanuring
pag-iisip,at pag-unawa at pagpapahalagang pampanitikan gamit ang teknolohiya at iba’t ibang
uri ng teksto at akdang pampanitikang pambansa upang maipagmalaki ang kulturang Pilipino.
https://www.depednaga.ph/wp-content/uploads/Memos/Unnumbered%20April
%204,%202022%20Guidelines%20on%20Lesson%20Preparation%20Using%20the
%20RAISE%20PLUS%20Weekly%20Plan%20for%20Blended%20Learning.pdf –

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/
viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.427.3276&rep=rep1&type=pdf - related studies abroad
childrens reasoning

https://prezi.com/j0goac4o-zjc/bakit-ang-pamilya-ang-pinakamahalagang-yunit-ng-
lipunan/ - Sa Pamilya unang sumisibol ang bawat mamamayan na magiging
mahalagang bahagi ng lipunan, ang mga magiging kasapi ng iba’t ibang sector ng
lipunan. Walang lipunan kung walang pamilya. Kung hindi maayos ang pamilya tiyak na
hindi rin maayos ang lipunan. Kung magiging maayos ang ang lahat ng pamilya tiyak na
magiging matiwasay ang lipunan. - NA PASTE KO NA

FLORANTE AT LAURA - https://pdfslide.net/documents/pagsusuri-sa-florante-at-laura-noli-

me-tangere-at-el-filibusterismo.html?page=3
Florante at Laura ni Francisco Baltasar (na kilala din bilang Balagtas) ay isang obra-
maestra sa panitikang Pilipino. Daglat lamang ang katawagang Florante at Laura  sapagkat
binigyan ito ng aktuwal at buong pamagat na:
 Pinagdaanang búhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa kahariáng  Albanya  

      
      
      Gresya          
   Tagálog.  
Isa itong mahabang tulang itinuturing na pinakamahalaga sa lahat ng mga korido
 
(corridos ) sa Pilipinas noong ika-19 dantaon, ayon kay Fray Toribio Minguella, isang paring
Rekolekto
 
at pilologo
 KASAYSAYAN
Ayon sa kay Epifanio de los Santos (isang historian), nalimbag ang unang edisyon ng
“Florante at Laura” noong 1838. May 50 taong gulang na si Francisco Baltasar ng panahong
iyon. Noong 1906, nalimbag naman ang “Kung Sino ang Kumatha ng ‘Florante’” ni dalubhasang
sa Tagalog na si Hermenegildo Cruz, sa tulong ni Victor Baltasar, anak ni Francisco Baltasar, at
ng iba pang kasapi sa mag-anak ng huli.
 UNANG PAGLIMBAG
Maraming lumabas na mga edisyon ng Florante at Laura na nasa wikang Tagalog at Ingles,
subalit natupok ang mga ito noong 1945, nang magwakas ang Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig.
Sapagkat kabilang nga ito sa mga korido noong ika-19 dantaon, nalimbag lamang ang mga
kopya ng akda ni Baltasar sa mga mumurahing klase ng papel (  papel de arroz ayon kay
Epifanio
de los Santos) na yari sa palay na ipinagbibili tuwing may misa at mga kapistahan sa halagang 10
centavo bawat isa. Natatanging ang Aklatang Newberry ng Chicago, Estados Unidos lamang ang
nakapagtabi ng mga kopya nalimbag noong 1870 at 1875, kabilang sa tinatawag na Koleksiyong
Ayer. Nabanggit ang mga kopyang ito sa Biblioteca Filipina ni T. H. Pardo de Tavera.
Magkatulad
na magkatulad ang kopyang pang-1870 at ang gawa noong 1875.
 
Nalilimbag ang pamagat ng bersyong pang-1870 sa ganitong paraan ng pagbabaybay.
PINAGDAANANG BUHAY NI FLORANTE AT LAURA, SA CAHARIANG ALBANIA.  
QUINUHA SA MADLANG CUADRO HISTORICO O PINTURANG NAGSASABI SA
MANGA
NANGYAYARI NANG UNANG PANAHON SA IMPERIO NANG GRECIA.  
at tinula nang isang matouain sa versong tagalog.
  PAGLALARAWAN
Pangunahing tagpuan ng Florante at Laura  ang madilim na gubat ng Quezonaria , at ang
nagsasalaysay ay mismong si Florante, habang nakikinig naman ang muslim na si  Aladdin.
Batay
ang pagsasalaysay ng tauhan ng kuwentong si Florante mula sa sariling karanasan at kasawian
ni Francisco Baltasar, sapagkat nakulong ang huli dahil sa bintang ni Mariano Kapule (kaagaw ni
Selya) at kawalan ng katarungan - si Maria Asuncion Rivera o MAR - ay napakasal kay Mariano
Kapule o Nano Kapule, na isang karibal sa pag-ibig. Isinulat ni Baltasar ang Florante habang nasa
piitan.
   ANG AKDA AT ANG MG A BAYANI
Sinasabi na nagdala ng kopya ng Florante at Laura si  José Rizal noong kapanahunan ng
kaniyang mga paglalakbay sa Europa. Samantalang pinaniniwalaan na sumipi si Apolinario
Mabini naman sa kopyang nalimbag noong 1870 o 1853 para malalang ang isang kopya ng
Florante at Laura na nasa sarili niyang sulat-kamay. Ginawa ito ni Mabini, habang nasa Guam
noong 1901, ayon sa mungkahi ng isang kapitan ng hukbong-katihan ng Estados Unidos. Walang
pahintulot na makabalik pa sa Pilipinas si Mabini noong panahong ginawa ito ni Mabini.
May ginawang mga pagbabagong may kaugnayan sa  ortograpiya si Mabini sa kaniyang
isinagawang kopya, ayon na nga sa mungkahi ni Jose Rizal. Isang kopyang holograpo  – isang
kopyang kalarawan ng orihinal na nasa sulat kamay ni Mabini  – ang ipinagbili sa pamahalaan ng
mga kaanak ni Mabini. Unang nalimbag ang 700 kopya ng gawang-kamay na ito ni Mabini
noong 1964, sa ilalim ng pamamahala ng The National Heroes Commission ng Pilipinas, bilang
parangal kina Francisco Baltasar at Apolinario Mabini. Muling naglimbag ng 1,000 kopya ang
komisyon noong 1972.
VALUES - RELATED LIT. INTERNATIONAL - https://www.iedunote.com/values

According to M. Haralambos, “A value is a belief that something is good and desirable”.

According to R.K. Mukherjee, “Values are socially approved desires and goals that are
internalized through the process of conditioning, learning or socialization and that
become subjective preferences, standards, and aspirations”.

According to Zaleznik and David, “Values are the ideas in the mind of men compared to
norms in that they specify how people should behave. Values also attach degrees of
goodness to activities and relationships”

According to I. J. Lehner and N.J. Kube, “Values are an integral part of the personal
philosophy of life by which we generally mean the system of values by which we live.
The philosophy of life includes our aims, ideals, and manner of thinking and the
principles by which we guide our behavior”

Bureaucratic management theory developed by Max Weber; emphasized the necessity

of organizations to operate rationally. 00:00/00:00

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According to T. W. Hippie, “Values are conscious or unconscious motivators and

justifiers of the actions and judgment”

A value is a shared idea about how something is ranked in terms of desirability, worth or
goodness. Sometimes, it has been interpreted to mean “such standards by means of
which the ends of action are selected”.

Sometimes, it has been interpreted to mean “such standards by means of which the
ends of action are selected”.

Thus, values are collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and
proper or bad, undesirable, and improper in a culture.

Familiar examples of values are wealth, loyalty, independence, equality, justice, fraternity
and friendliness.

Familiar examples of values are wealth, loyalty, independence, equality, justice, fraternity
and friendliness. These are generalized ends consciously pursued by or held up to
individuals as being worthwhile in them.
It is not easy to clarify the fundamental values of a given society because of their sheer
breadth.

Copyright Year: 
2015
E-Book (PDF)
Availability: 
Published
ISBN: 
978-94-012-1205-2
Publication date: 
20 Mar 2015
Paperback
Availability: 
Published
ISBN: 
978-90-420-3923-0
Publication date: 
27 Mar 2015
Why we read literature and why we should read literature are ageold questions that have, in
recent years, gained unprecedented scope and intensity, against the backdrop of what has
been perceived as a world-wide crisis in the humanities. While scholars frequently discuss
diferent types of value separately, in this volume values of literature are approached in the
plural: we argue that the ethical, aesthetic, cognitive, afective, social, historical, and existential
values of literature should be explored in connection with each other. The three parts of the
book explore the relationship between ethics and aesthetics; the cognitive, afective, and social
values of literature; and the construction and questioning of literary values in society.
Throughout the book, we discuss the diferent things literature can do – ranging from armation
ofsocial dogmas to its capacities forself-questioning and challenging of moral certainties –
through the dynamic interplay of its ethical and aesthetic, cognitive and afective aspects.
Literature not only reects and draws on the values of the historical world from which it stems; it
also actively addresses, challenges, and transforms... – “Ang literatura at maraming kayang
gawin upang maipalaganap ang pagpapahalaga sa sarili: isa itong sandata para ma proktehan
ang isang bansa sa pamamagitan ng pagpreserba ng mga natatanging kultura, kakayahang
makapag isip at makapagbigay ng matalinong desisyon, magkaroon ng malaking papel sa
positibong pagpapaunlad ng isang bansa at makapaghubog ng mabuting mamayan na may
natatanging pagpapahalag sa sarili at kapwa.” - NA PASTE KO NA

https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.titles.epl?tquery=Social%2520values%2520in
%2520literature
Charity and Condescension: Victorian Literature and the Dilemmas of Philanthropy
Daniel Siegel
Ohio University Press, 2012
Library of Congress PR830.C475S53 2012 | Dewey Decimal 820.9355

Charity and Condescension explores how condescension, a traditional English virtue, went sour in the
nineteenth century, and considers how the failure of condescension influenced Victorian efforts to reform
philanthropy and to construct new narrative models of social conciliation. In the literary work of authors like
Dickens, Eliot, and Tennyson, and in the writing of reformers like Octavia Hill and Samuel Barnett,
condescension—once a sign of the power and value of charity—became an emblem of charity’s limitations.

This book argues that, despite Victorian charity’s reputation for idealistic self-assurance, it frequently
doubted its own operations and was driven by creative self-critique. Through sophisticated and original close
readings of important Victorian texts, Daniel Siegel shows how these important ideas developed even as
England struggled to deal with its growing underclass and an expanding notion of the state’s responsibility
to its poor.

Cicero, Catullus, and the Language of Social Performance

Brian A. Krostenko
University of Chicago Press, 2001
Library of Congress PA6350.K76 2001 | Dewey Decimal 875.0109

Charm, wit, and style were critical, but dangerous, ingredients in the social repertoire of the Roman elite.
Their use drew special attention, but also exposed one to potential ridicule or rejection for valuing style over
substance. Brian A. Krostenko explores the complexities and ambiguities of charm, wit, and style in Roman
literature of the late Republic by tracking the origins, development, and use of the terms that described
them, which he calls "the language of social performance."

As Krostenko demonstrates, a key feature of this language is its capacity to express both approval and
disdain—an artifact of its origins at a time when the "style" and "charm" of imported Greek cultural practices
were greeted with both enthusiasm and hostility. Cicero played on that ambiguity, for example, by
chastising lepidus ("fine") boys in the "Second Oration against Catiline" as degenerates, then arguing in
his De Oratore that the successful speaker must have a certain charming lepos ("wit"). Catullus, in turn,
exploited and inverted the political subtexts o

In Stalin's Time: Middleclass Values in Soviet Fiction

Vera S. Dunham
Duke University Press, 1990
Library of Congress PG3095.D8 1990 | Dewey Decimal 891.734209355

This new edition of In Stalin’s Time, which brings back into print Vera Dunham’s 1976 landmark study of
popular fiction in the Soviet Union during the Stalin regime, is updated to include new material by the author
and a new introduction by Richard Sheldon. Dunham describes how the middle-brow or postwar
establishmentarian literature of the Stalinist period was a product of a “Big Deal” intended to propagate
values and establish an alliance between the regime and the middle class. Both descriptive and analytical,
Dunham’s complex picture of “high totalitarianism” not only reveals insights into the details of Soviet life but
illuminates important theoretical questions about the role of literature in the political structure of Soviet
society

Virtuous Necessity: Conduct Literature and the Making of the Virtuous Woman in
Early Modern England
Jessica C. Murphy
University of Michigan Press, 2015
Library of Congress PR428.W63M87 2015 | Dewey Decimal 820.9352209031
While many scholars find the early modern triad of virtues for women—silence, chastity, and obedience—to
be straightforward and nonnegotiable, Jessica C. Murphy demonstrates that these virtues were by no means
as direct and inflexible as they might seem. Drawing on the literature of the period—from the plays of
Shakespeare to a conduct manual written for a princess to letters from a wife to her husband—as well as
contemporary gender theory and philosophy, she uncovers the multiple meanings of behavioral expectations
for sixteenth- and seventeenth-century women. Through her renegotiation of cultural ideals as presented in
both literary and nonliterary texts of early modern England, Murphy presents models for “acceptable”
women’s conduct that lie outside of the rigid prescriptions of the time.

Virtuous Necessity will appeal to readers interested in early modern English literature, including canonical
authors such as Shakespeare, Spenser, and Milton, as well as their female contemporaries such as Amelia
Lanyer and Elizabeth Cary. It will also appeal to scholars of conduct literature; of early modern drama,
popular literature, poetry, and prose; of women’

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://blogs.helsinki.fi/values-
in-literature/files/2012/05/Abstraktit-blogiin-valiviivalla31.pdf - pdf download

ETHICS, STORIES AND READING Colin Davis

One of the ways in which literature might embody and promote values is if it helps
refine our ethical reflections and inform our moral choices. This paper begins by
summarising debates in ‗ethical criticism‘ over whether and how literature and ethics
may be related. It then examines in detail two examples – small-scale narratives –
discussed by philosophers as part of their ethical enquiry: the case of the ‗benevolent
lie‘ in Kant (is it right to lie to a murderer if it will save a life?), and Bernard Williams‘s
story about a man who has the opportunity to save lives if he agrees to kill one person.
Finally, I examine a longer narrative, Albert Camus‘s story ‗L‘Hôte‘, in which a white
teacher in pre-independence Algeria has to decide what to do about an Arab who has
committed murder. The question in each case is whether these narratives clarify or
confuse ethical considerations. I suggest that the longer the story continues, the more
ethically obscure it may become. This does not mean, though, that literature loses value
as it loses ethical clarity. On the contrary, our bewilderment in the face of the stories we
tell each other may be precisely why literature matters.

https://www.dynamicstudyhub.com/2021/08/values-meaning-definition-nature.html -
paruparo M. Rokeach (pasted na sa word)

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/443399455/TEORYANG-PORMALISTIKO-pptx -
Pormalistiko (pasted na sa word
)