English 9

First Quarterly Exam

Line
- A horizontal row of words
- May or may not form a complete sentence

Stanza
- Group of lines forming a unit
- Separate from the next stanza by line or stanza

Rhyme
- Repetition of similar sounds (usually, the same sound) in the final stressed syllables and any
following syllables of two or more words.

Examples
- Hat and Cat
- Willowier and billowier
- Fire and desire

Internal Rhyme
- Same or similar sounds at the end of words within a line.

Examples:
- I had a cat who wore a hat.

End Rhyme
- Same or similar sounds at the end of words that finish different lines.

Examples:
- From what I’ve tasted of desire, I hold with those who favor fire.

Theme
- Universal lesson of a poem
- Can be determined through imagery, sounds, and symbols

Tone
- The attitude of a writer towards the subject of a text.
- Word choice and sentence construction, allow you to know the tone of the text

Example:
- Sarcastic
- Exhausted

Mood
- The overall feeling or atmosphere of a text.
- Can be described with words that show the audience's feelings while reading

Example:
- goofy
- calm
- gloomy

Figurative Language
- Figurative language is a language that has the other meaning than its normal definition.

- a figure of speech is a word or phrase using figurative language.

 - Figures of speech make up a huge portion of the English language, making it more creative, more
expressive, and more interesting!

The Four Basic Figures of Speech:

 Simile
 Metaphor
 Personification
 Hyperbole

1. SIMILE
- A figure of speech in which a comparison is made between unlike or dissimilar objects using the
words like or as.
Examples:

- The sky was as blue as the ocean.

- Her voice was as sweet as honey.
- His eyes are green like jade.

2. METAPHOR

- A figure of speech in which a comparison is drawn between two dissimilar or unlike things
without the use of like or as.
Examples:

- She's a cheetah!
- The wedding was a fairytale.
- My baby brother is a cute little teddy bear.

3. Personification

- A figure of speech in which animals, ideas, or objects are given human characteristics or form.
Examples:

- The sun is smiling on us today.

- The rain is dancing on the roof.
- The flowers are begging for water.

4. HYPERBOLE

- A figure of speech in which an exaggeration or overstatement is made to illustrate a point.

Examples:

- I died laughing.
- It's raining cats and dogs.
- My shoes are killing me.
 Connectors
A connector is a word that is used to express relationships and join ideas in sentences or phrases.

Contrast Comparison

- On the other hand In contrast - Just as

- Conversely - Similarly
- However - In Comparison
- But - Like
- yet - Similar to

Cause and effect Time

- For (cause) so (effect) - At first

- Because - Afterwards
- Since - Later
- Therefore
- Due to
- As a result

Acronyms

- An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word (e.g.
ASCII, NASA).

Example:
1. ASAP
ASAP is an acronym for as soon as possible. This common phrase means you will do something when
you have the chance.

2. IMAX
The IMAX in IMAX theater stands for Image Maximum. This is a large-format movie theater.

3. PIN
When in all-caps, the word PIN stands for "personal identification number." This is a secret number you
create to access private documents, files, and account information.

4. RADAR
RADAR stands for "radio detection and ranging." This technology is rarely called anything other than its
acronym.

5. TASER
The electrical weapon is an acronym for "Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle."

6. SCUBA
This piece of diving equipment is an acronym for "self-contained underwater breathing apparatus."

Type of Acronyms
Made of an initial letter pronounced as a word
Laser Light
- Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation

Scuba
- Self-contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

NASA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Contains non-initial letter; pronounced as a word
Interpol
- International Criminal Police Organization

DepEd
- Department of Education

Made of initial and non-initial letters which are pronounced as a word

AIDS
- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Radar
- Radio Detection and Ranging Sonar
- Sound navigation and Raging

Combined pronunciation of spelled-out letters and word

DVD-ROM
- Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory

JPEG
- Joint Photographic Expert Group

PHILCOA
- Philippine Coconut Authority

Pronounced only as a string of words

BIR
 - Bureau of Internal Revenue

PDEA
- Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

PDA
- Philippine Dental Association

Content and Function

Content Words
- Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
- Used to express cultural content and they are consists of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
- Have more or less independent meanings.
- Calles as open class

Function Words
- Prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and pronouns Include prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and
pronouns.
- Used chiefly to express grammatical functions
- Called a closed class
 Capitalization
Write the first letter of a word in a capital letter and the rest in lowercase letters.

The first letter of the first word of every sentence should be capitalized.
Example:

- They are stubborn, so they remain wicked men.

- Come and look at the window," she added

Proper nouns
- Maria Delos Santos
- The Philippines
- Pepsi

Adjectives derived from proper nouns

- Candian citizen
- Chinese cuisine
- Shakespearean poet

The pronoun “I” and all its contractions

- I, I’m, I’d, I’ll

CAPITALIZATION
- Nouns and pronouns that pertain to God.
- Do not worry for he is our God.
- May the Lord be with you.

Titles of bodies of work

- Level of Writing Proficiency of Grade 9 Students of La Consolacion College Binan