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COV - Sedimentation of Particles in Water or Air
COV - Sedimentation of Particles in Water or Air
COV - Sedimentation of Particles in Water or Air
Balance of forces act to a particle - Steady speed motion is important for our
solution (particles sedimentation).
FD
FLF - A particle moves with a constant falling
speed uSC. Forces acting to the particle
d ,
have to be in balance (there is not
uSC P acceleration or deceleration).
- The steady speed is reached for time
G
;
in praxis final speed u = 0,99*uSC is used.
Gravitational force
Lifting force
Drag force
622921128.doc 1 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
G = FLF + FD
= +
where
CD = 18,5 * ReS-0,6 or
After a substitution we can set the sedimentation speed of the particle in the
laminar region:
622921128.doc 2 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
Analogously after substitution we can set the sedimentation speed of the particle
in the turbulent region:
A dimensionless term is used for this setting. The term contains only known val-
ues, it is parameters of the particle and its ambient (water, air etc.).
Note: Sludge and fine sand particles usually settle in the laminar region by reason of
time saving you can calculate the speed according equations for L region and
than check up the Re number.
Given: Sludge d = 0,2 mm; p = 1020 kg/m3; = 998 kg/m3; = 1*10-3 Pa*s
Task: Calculate a sedimentation speed uS = ?, time = ? when the particle
reaches the speed u = 0,99 uS and a distance h = ? that is covered during
the time .
622921128.doc 3 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
L region
Setting of the time when the particle reaches the sedimentation speed u =
0,99*uS
Setting of the distance that the particle covers during the time
where
622921128.doc 4 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
Setting of a sedimentation region
L region
Setting of the time when the particle reaches the sedimentation speed
u = 0,99*uS
Setting of the distance that the particle covers during the time
where
L region
Setting of the time when the particle reaches the sedimentation speed
u = 0,99*uS
622921128.doc 5 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
Setting of the distance that the particle covers during the time
where
L region
(boundary between L and transient regions)
Note: For a result accuracy c. +/- 5 % ..... limit of application of relations for the laminar region.
Note: For the same conditions but sand particle diameter d = 1,9 mm we reach a beginning of the turbulent
region (CD*ReP2 = 1,17*105).
Setting of the time when the particle reaches the sedimentation speed
u = 0,99*uS
Setting of the distance that the particle covers during the time
where
622921128.doc 6 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
Ex. 5 Sedimentation of sand (dust) particles in air.
L region
Setting of the time when the particle reaches the sedimentation speed
u = 0,99*uS
Setting of the distance that the particle covers during the time
where
L region
622921128.doc 7 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
Setting of the sedimentation speed of the particle
Setting of the time when the particle reaches the sedimentation speed
u = 0,99*uS
Setting of the distance that the particle covers during the time
where
Note: For the same conditions (sand particles in air) but diameter d = 1,0 mm it is C C*ReP2 = 1,08*105
it is that we are at the beginning of the turbulent region.
T region
622921128.doc 8 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022
Setting of the constant sedimentation speed of the particle
Note 1:
The biggest in the Czech Republic observed hailstone had the diameter c. 120
mm. The corresponding falling speed is c. 52,4 m/s = 188 km/h.
Note 2:
As the falling time is relatively short the majority of the hail mass has to be
formed in clouds in rising air flows. These rising flows have to have approxi-
mately the same speed as the falling speed is.
622921128.doc 9 P. Hoffman
Datum tisku: 01.11.po Kr.2022