Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 14 Changing Matter

Worksheet 14.1 For Science Matters Textbook Volume A, sections:

14.1 Observing Changes 14.4 Interactions between Matter and Light
14.2 Types of Changes 14.5 Interactions between Matter and Electricity
14.3 Interactions between 14.6 Interactions between Matter – Mixing
Matter and Heat Substances

Secure Your Basics

Without referring to the textbook, try to answer these questions. If you cannot
answer a question, look up the relevant section in your textbook.

1. Which of the following processes involves a chemical change?

A B water
out

water
in

C D

( C )

2. Which of the following word equations does not show thermal decomposition?

heat
A Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide
heat
B Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide
heat
C Copper carbonate Copper oxide + Carbon dioxide
heat
D Sugar Carbon + Water vapour ( B )

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 3. When iron filings are added to sulphur powder and heated, the reaction is
.
A called combination B called combustion
C called decomposition D reversible ( A )

4. Electricity can cause the following effects except .

A contraction of an iron bar B decomposing water
C heating up irons and cookers D operating an electromagnet ( A )

5. Complete the following table by the name of the process described.

Description of process Name of process

Burning bottled gas for outdoor cooking Combustion

Iron rusting in the presence of water and oxygen Combination

Sugar being heated strongly Decomposition
Water being broken down into its elements by electricity Electrolysis
Water puddle slowly disappearing under sunlight Evaporation
Metal cap on bottle becoming looser when hot water is
Expansion
poured over it

6. Explain how the following processes take place. Explain whether they are physical
or chemical processes.

a) Producing light in a light bulb

The filament in the light bulb is heated up, and electrical energy is

converted to heat and light energy. No new substances are formed — it

is a physical change.

b) Making electromagnets
A direct electric current passes through wire wound many times over an

iron bar. It is reversible as temporary magnets only produce a magnetic

effect when the current is switched on — it is a physical change.

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7. Describe three ways in which light can cause useful changes in our daily life.
Photosynthesis — plants use light to make food, which in turn gives us food.

Photography — light causes chemical changes on photographic film, giving us photographs.

Obtaining energy from solar cells — light is converted into electricity.

8. State whether each of the following chemical changes is caused by electricity, light,
heat and mixing of substances.

Chemical change Cause

Coating chromium on a water tap Electricity

Green plants making food Light

Magnesium forming magnesium oxide in air Heat

Formation of carbon dioxide Mixing of substances

9. Complete the following table with the type of change involved in each process.

Process Change
a) Cooking meat Chemical

b) Extracting aluminium from aluminium ore Chemical

c) Boiling water Physical

d) Photosynthesis Chemical
e) Exposing photographic film to light Chemical
f) Iodine crystals turning into iodine gas Physical

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 Map It Out

Complete the graphic organiser that follows the question below.

Compare the combustion of carbon (charcoal) and the sublimation of dry ice (carbon
dioxide). State which one is chemical or physical change.

Combustion of charcoal Sublimation of dry ice

Similarities

• In both process, heat is required.

• Both processes produce carbon dioxide gas.
• Starting materials for both processes are solids.

Difference

New substances
are formed, No new substance is formed.
namely carbon dioxide and Solid carbon dioxide turns into
water vapour. gaseous carbon dioxide.

Chemical change Physical change

From the above graphic organiser, we can conclude that both physical and chemical

changes may involve heat . However, only chemical changes involve

formation of new substances .

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 Challenge Yourself • 20 min •

Attempt the following questions within the time allocated.

1. The combustion process does not necessarily involve .

A a chemical change
B a fuel
C presence of heat
D presence of oxygen ( B )

2. Which substance is not present during complete combustion of fuels?

A Carbon dioxide
B Carbon monoxide
C Heat
D Oxygen ( B )

3. When substances are mixed, a chemical change may take place. Which of the
following does not result in a chemical change?
A Adding sulphuric acid to magnesium
B Adding salt to a soft drink
C Adding vinegar to baking powder
D Adding yeast to dough ( B )

4. Both sugar and copper carbonate undergo decomposition when they are heated
strongly.
a) Write down the word equations for the reactions.
heat
Sugar Carbon + Water vapour
heat
Copper carbonate Copper oxide + Carbon dioxide

b) State the observations for these two reactions.

White sugar crystals melt and turn into a brown liquid before turning into a black solid. Colourless

water droplets are formed on sides of the test-tube.

Green copper carbonate powder turns into a black powder.

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 5. When an acid (hydrochloric acid) is added to an alkaline solution (sodium hydroxide),
the resulting solution becomes warm. Two substances are formed, sodium chloride
and water. This reaction is known as neutralisation.

hydrochloric
acid

retort
conical stand
flask

sodium hydroxide
solution

a) Give two explanations to show that neutralisation is a chemical change.

New substances are formed. Heat is given out to the surroundings (the solution feels warm).

b) In neutralisation, what kind of interactions is involved?

Interactions between matter and another matter, i.e. between substances.

c) Complete the word equation below.

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide Sodium chloride + Water

d) To obtain the salt, the mixture of sodium chloride and water is then evaporated
to dryness in an evaporating dish. Is “evaporation to dryness” a physical or
chemical change? Why?
It is a physical change. The water is lost as water vapour — this is a change in state and no new

substances are formed.

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Name: Class: Date:

Worksheet 14.2 For Science Matters Textbook Volume A, section:

14.7 Chemical Changes – Friends or Foes?

Secure Your Basics

Without referring to the textbook, try to answer these questions. If you cannot
answer a question, look up the relevant section in your textbook.

1. Air pollutants cause the following except .

A heavy traffic congestion in cities
B making water bodies unsuitable for organisms
C physical corrosion of buildings
D respiratory problems in living things ( A )

2. List the products that are released to the surroundings during combustion of fuels
in vehicles, power stations and factories. Which of them are air pollutants?
Carbon dioxide and water vapour, by-products such as carbon monoxide and soot (unburnt carbon),

sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen.

Pollutants include carbon monoxide and soot (unburnt carbon), sulphur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen.

3. Group the following into useful or not useful processes.

rusting digestion
respiration forest fires
photosynthesis electroplating
combustion of fuels in power stations decay of dead organisms
extracting iron from iron ore making electromagnets
combusion of fuels producing air pollutants

Useful Not useful

Photosynthesis Rusting
Combustion of fuels in power stations Combustion of fuels producing air pollutants
Digestion Forest fires
Respiration
Decay of dead organisms
Extracting iron from iron ore
Making electromagnets
Electroplating

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2008 Marshall
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Ltd Changing Matter 137
 Challenge Yourself • 10 min •

Attempt the following questions within the time allocated.

1. Which of the following is not a useful process?

A Combustion of fuel in car engines
B Decay of dead organisms
C Electroplating metallic objects
D Production of sulphur dioxide from power stations ( D )

2. Why is the decay of dead organisms an important and useful chemical change?
It returns nutrients back to soil to be recycled for use naturally by plants, otherwise dead organisms

would be found everywhere and there would not be enough space on earth to bury them.

3. Steven thinks that a chemical reaction always requires at least two reactants or
produces at least two products.

a) Give an example to show that this is not true.

Magnesium burns in air forming magnesium oxide. / Carbon burns in air to form carbon dioxide. /

Sugar decomposes by heating to produce water and carbon.

(Accept any other reasonable answers.)

b) Give an example where two reactants react to form exactly two products. Write
the word equation for it.
Photosynthesis; Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen

Neutralisation; Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide Water + Sodium chloride

(Accept any other reasonable answers.)

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 Get It Right

Below is a simple diagram of the stages involved in a power station.

power lines

heat from
burning fuels turbine generator
steam

water (condensed
from steam)

water

a) State and explain two physical changes that take place in the power stations.
Boiling and condensation. When water boils, it changes from liquid to gas. When steam condenses, water

changes from gas to liquid. The substance is still water; there is no new substance formed.

b) State and explain a chemical change that occurs in the power station.
Combustion of fuels. When burnt, fuels (e.g. carbon compounds) are changed to other substances such

as carbon dioxide and water vapour.

Analyse each process that takes place in a power station. Identify which ones involve
physical or chemical changes. Refer to the Science Matters Textbook Volume A, chapter
14 on Changing Matter to help you.

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 c) There are also energy changes/transfer taking place in the power station. Briefly
explain the energy change/transfer that occurs in each of the following:
i) Furnace
Chemical energy in fuel is changed to heat by combustion.

ii) Boiler
Heat causes the water particles to have more kinetic energy and turns into moving

steam, which has kinetic energy.

iii) Turbine
The turbine transfers kinetic energy of the moving steam to the generator.

iv) Generator
Kinetic energy from the turbine turns the generator. Kinetic energy of the generator is changed to

electricity.

Refer to the Science Matters Textbook Volume B, section 16.3 on Energy Transformations.

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