Christ the King College

Deus Meus et Omnia

Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “READING DIFFICULTIES AND THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 2 PUPILS IN CALBAYOG III DISTRICT, CALBAYOG

CITY DIVISION.”, prepared and submitted by SHERYLYN C. BANACIA, in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Master of Arts in Education, Major in

Educational Management, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and

approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.

THESIS COMMITTEE

SOCORRO O. BOHOL Ph.D.

Chairman

BARTOLOME L. AMOTO, M.A. ERNESTO R. ACOBA, M.A.

Adviser Member

VILMA C. ALBURAN, M.A. JOEL A. SALOR, M.A.

Member Member

Accepted and approve in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Master of
Arts in Education, Major in Educational Management.

SOCORRO O. BOHOL Ph.D.

Dean, Graduate School

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approve by the Committee on Oral examination with a rating of

_____________.

SOCORRO O. BOHOL Ph.D.

Chairman

BARTOLOME L. AMOTO, M.A. ERNESTO R. ACOBA, M.A.

Adviser Member

VILMA C. ALBURAN, M.A. JOEL A. SALOR, M.A.

Member Member

Accepted and approve in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Master of
Arts in Education, Major in Educational Management.

SOCORRO O. BOHOL Ph.D.

Dean, Graduate School

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher wishes to extend her heartfelt thanks to everyone who in one way or
another extended their able guidance and assistance in order that this magnanimous undertaking
will be made possible.

To the Almighty God, for all blessings bestowed upon me;

To Dr. Socorro O. Bohol, Dean of the Graduates School and Chairman of the thesis
committee, for her encouragement and valuable suggestions.

To Mr. Bartolome L. Amoto, M.A., the researcher’s adviser and editor for the untiring
effort, patience and educational expertise in guiding the researcher to fulfill this study
thoroughly.

To Mr. Ernesto R. Acoba, M.A., the researcher’s statistician for his expertise in
statistics and for the unselfish and untiring analysis and discussion of data.

To Mrs. Vilma Alburan, M.A., Principal of Christ the King College (Elementary
Department), member of the panel for her educational expertise in guiding the researcher to
fulfill this study.
To Mrs. Teresa D. Villa, Public Schools District Supervisor of Calbayog III District for
her approval to conduct the Pilot Testing.
To the pupil-respondents, the researcher would like to acknowledge your cooperation,
help and effort in answering the instrument for data gathering.
To her classmates and friends who gave their support in whatever problems arise with
regards to my study.
And to her loving family, her partner, and her aunties for the prayers, patience,
financial and moral support.

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

SHERYLYN C.
BANACIA

DEDICATION

It is my genuine gratefulness and warmest regard that I dedicate this work to the

following persons who served as an inspiration, source of strength and pillar of support in

making this goal a possible on.

To our Almighty God, who has showered me with bountiful blessings and has been my

strength. Words couldn’t describe how full of my heart is for this kind of success I have

received.

To my family, Bonifacio Demit and Wilma Demit who sent me to school so I was able to

reach my goals and aspirations in life.

To my aunt, Elizabeth Buchholz, for helping me in my financial needs during this study.

To my brother and grandmother, Jonathan Banacia and Benigna Demit for supporting me

all throughout.

To my partner, Michelle Debuton, who I know my ultimate fan. For being my air-to-breath

when the study became stressful.

And to every person who became my source of inspiration.

Sherylyn C. Banacia

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………………..i

APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………………….ii

PANEL OF EXAMINERS …………………………………………………………. .iii

ACKOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………. .iv

DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………………...v

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………….vi

LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………….viii

LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………….ix

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………….x

CHAPTER I -THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Rationale …………………………………………………………………………1

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………………..4

Conceptual Framework …………………………………………………………..6

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

The Problem

Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………………..8

Statement of Hypothesis …………………………………………………………9

Null Hypothesis …………………………………………………………………10

Significance of Study …………………………………………………………10

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………………..13

CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature ……………………………………………………………..16

Related Studies ………………………………………………………………..20

CHAPTER III – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Method ……………………………………………………………….25

Research Environment …………………………………………………………27

Research Respondents …………………………………………………………28

Research Instruments ..………………………………………………………….29

Validation of Research Instrument ……………………………………………..29

Research Procedures ……………………………………………………………29

Statistical Treatment of Data …………………………………………………...30

CHAPTER IV – PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Demographic Profile of Pupils …………………………………………………32

Academic Performance of Pupils……………………………………………….34

Level of Reading Difficulty of Pupils…………………………………………..35

Severity of the Problem Encountered by Pupils in Reading……………………36

Relationship between the Academic Performance and

Profile of Pupils …………………………………………………………..37

Relationship between the Reading Difficulties and Severity

of Problems Encountered in Reading by Pupils ……………………………..43

CHAPTER V – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings …………………………………………………………45

Conclusions …………………………………………………………………...47

Recommendations …………………………………………………………….47

VI. PROPOSED READING REMEDIAL PROGRAM ………………………..48

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………...50

APPENDICES

A. Transmittal …………………………………………………………………53

B. Research Instrument and Questionnaire ……………………………………56

C. Timetable of Activities ……………………………………………………..63

D. Program Budget ……………………………………………………………64

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………………..65

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGES

1 Respondents of the Study 28

2 Level of Reading Difficulties Criteria 31

3 Profile of the Respondents 32

4 Academic Performance of Pupils 34

5 Level of Reading Difficulty of Pupils 35

6 Severity of the Problems Encountered

by Pupils in Reading 36

7 Academic Performance and Profile of Pupils 37

8 Reading Difficulties and Profile of Pupils 38

9 Relationship between the Reading Difficulties

and Severity of Problems Encountered in
Reading by Pupils 40

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES PAGE

1 The Paradigm of the Study 5

2 The Location Site of the Study 23

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

ABSTRACT

“READING DIFFICULTIES AND THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 2

PUPILS AMONG SELECTED SCHOOLS IN CALBAYOG III DISTRICT, CALBAYOG
CITY DIVISION”
Sherylyn C. Bañacia
_____________________________________________________________________________
The study sought to determine the link between reading difficulties and academic

performance of Grade 2 pupils among selected schools in Calbayog III District, Calbayog City

Division.

The study utilized the descriptive – correlational design of research.

The researcher focused her study on the pre – determined sample on the

recommendation of their teachers.

The study utilized the frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, and chi – square (x2)

test to quantify the gathered data and to generate analysis and interpretations.

The study found that the reading difficulty of the pupils was mostly on frustration level

(42.9%) and instructional level (35.7%). Only fifteen (15) pupils registered an independent level

of reading ability; and some pupils (15.7%) encountered very severe difficulties in reading due

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 Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

to poorly developed communication or motor skills; difficulty in decoding words; poor vision;

and difficulty in hearing.

The study also found that: the very satisfactory academic performance of pupils was

significantly related to their age and gender; but was not significantly related to the educational

attainment of their mothers and fathers; the reading difficulties of pupils were significantly

related to the educational attainment of their mothers; but were not significantly related to their

age, gender, and educational attainment of their fathers; and that the reading difficulties of

pupils were significantly related to the severity of the problems they encountered due to their

poorly developed communication or motor skills; difficulty in decoding words; poor vision and

difficulty in hearing.

This conclusion varies significantly to previous studies which concluded that por

reading of pupils have a negative impact to their over – all academic performance.

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Christ the King College
Deus Meus et Omnia
Calbayog City
GRADUATE SCHOOL

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