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1 Commmunity Diagnosis Sekito
1 Commmunity Diagnosis Sekito
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establish trends and patterns in problem which can be measure
terms of health needs and problems in terms of the proportion of the
of the community. population affected by the
- The nurse identifies the origin of the problem.
problem and the points which Modifiability of the Problem –
intervention may occur. refers to the probability of
- There are 3 important colors in reducing, controlling and
minimum basic needs: red- problem eradicating the problem.
areas; green- needs met; Preventive Potential – refers to
yellow-neutral point the probability of controlling or
- Analysis of data allows comparison reducing the effects posed by
of the obtained data. the problem.
- Determining the interrelationship of Social Concern – refers to the
factors helps to determine the perception of the population or
significance of the problem and their the community as they are
implication to the status of the affected by the problems and
community. After this, problem is their readiness to act on the
identified. problem.
-Tested rating scale? Determine the total
10. IDENTIFYING THE COMMUNITY score of the community.
NURSING PROBLEMS
SCORING SYSTEM
Problems can be classified as:
● Health Status Problems – may be
described in terms of increased or
decreased morbidity, mortality,
fertility or reduced capability of
wellness.
● Health Resources Problems – may be
described in terms of lack or absence
of manpower, money, materials or
institutions which are necessary to
solve health problems.
● Health-related Problems– may be
described in terms of social, economic,
environmental and political factors
that aggravate the illness-inducing The maximum score for rating at the
situations in the community. community level is 10. Each problem is
scored according to each criterion and
-In terms of problems identified, divided by the highest possible score
prioritizing can be done. multiplied by the weight. The final scores
-Criteria in priority setting: for each criterion are added, and it results
Nature of the condition or to the total score of the problem. The
problem presented – problems highest score is given the highest priority
are classified to health status, of the nurse.
health resources or
health-related problems.
Magnitude of the problem –
refers to the severity of the
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In terms of the steps that are being followed in
conducting in diagnosis, we can sub or we can
Ms. Sekito (Continuation?)
categorize these steps into planning as well as
PRIORITY-SETTING: the implementation. So, when we plan for
CRITERIA FOR PRIORITY SETTING: community diagnosis, w e identified these
important areas.
1. Nature of the problem presented – The
Planning Phase:
problems are classified by the nurse as
health status, h ealth resources, or 1. Determining the objectives:
health-related problems. ● Important part here is the statement of
2. Magnitude of the problem – this refers to the objective should make use of the
the severity of the problem which can be acronym SMART covering S pecific,
measured in terms of the proportion Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and
affected by the problem. Time Bounded.
3. Modifiability of the problem – This refers
to the probability of reducing,
controlling, or eradicating the problem. 2. Define the study population:
Note: This criterion is also included from ● The nurse here identified the population
among the different criteria that are being groups based on the objectives of the
utilized in the priority-setting at the family study
level. ● In terms of comprehensive community
4. Preventive potential – This refers to the diagnosis, the focus has to be e ntire
probability of controlling or reducing the community.
effects posed by the problem. ● When it comes to problem-oriented
5. Social concern – this refers to the
community diagnosis, the focus would
perception of the population or the
be specific groups of the individuals.
community as they are affected by the
3. Preparing the community
problem and their readiness to act on the
● In terms of preparing the community,
problem. This is similar to the of s alience,
courtesy calls for meeting is a must.
however the term that are being utilized at
● Seek information coming from the
the community level is the s ocial concern.
officials, from the key leaders in the
Note: So from the five, the s ocial concern plus community, specifically, the barangay
the m
agnitude of the problem are not included officials. Permission has to be sought
in the criteria being followed at the family first before entering the community to
level. the barangay captain. After that, you do
courtesy calls for meetings.
STEPS IN CONDUCTING COMMUNITY
● The following initial data are gathered
DIAGNOSIS:
through: (during the meeting)
1. Determining the objectives o Spot map
2. Define the study population - Will serve as guide to locate the
3. Determining the data to be collected houses, and it will enable the
4. Collecting the data nurse to identify the geographical
5. Developing the instrument location of the different families.
6. Actual data gathering - Will serves as guide on where to
7. Collation/Organization of data go in terms of gathering the
8. Presentation/Organization of data information.
9. Analysis of data o Secondary data has to be sought
10. Identification of Community Health from the barangay officials that will
Nursing Problems include the total population, the total
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household within the community, the ● Along this line, we check the community
total household per area, the total dimensions related to health that are
population per area, the list of found in the form.
community health workers, the list o Demographic data
of traditional healers. o Economic characteristics
4. Selecting of the methodology o Social indicators
● Primary data may be gathered through o Political characteristics
survey, interview, community o Cultural characteristics
meetings, and observations. o Environmental indicators
● Secondary data may be gathered ● Moreover, community dimensions
through review of program and public related to health has o be identified. This
health records. will include the general health
● Instruments: indicators such as:
o Survey forms o Birth (can be identified through the
o Survey Questionnaire age-sex distribution)
o Observation Checklist o Death (can be taken from mortality,
o Interview guide morbidity, and mortality rates)
o Interview schedule o Maternal and child health care
● An important component is that, before (covered under family planning,
the actual data gathering the leader of pregnancy, immunization,
the group should meet the data immunization status of children)
gatherers in order to discuss and o Food and nutrition
analyze an instrument to be utilized. o Illness and injury
● Important instructions are given in o Water and environment
such a way, those who are gathering o Endemic diseases
data will be able to identify the o Essential drugs
important data so then the uniform o Health education
data will be pass. o Health resources
● Pre-testing of the instrument is highly o Perception of health problem
recommended. This could be done when 2. Collation and organization of data
the tool is not tested yet. ● There are two types of data that may be
5. Setting of the targets generated.
● Time table of the activities has to be o Numeral data – which can be
made taking in the consideration of the counted
sample size as well as the number of the o Descriptive data – which can be
personnel that will work. described. Description of the
observable characteristics of
Implementation Phase:
different factors.
1. Actual data gathering ● Before collation is done, the
● The nurse supervises the data collectors. accomplished questionnaires are edited.
It is imperative that checking of the Editing m eans going through the
filled-out instruments has to be done by questionnaire to ensure that all the
the ones who are supervising. questions have been properly entered.
● What a reas has to be check in terms of
the completed forms? ● Examples of information not applicable:
o Completeness o Family planning – it is important
o Accuracy that taking in consideration that the
o Reliability of the information data includes mothers aging 15-44.
collected There are mothers that are not
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applicable meaning those mothers facilities), and Plan for evaluation
who are above 44 years of age and (criteria, standard, method)
below 15 years old.
Plan for evaluation – the objectives you write
● Moreover, to facilitate data collection,
becomes the standard of care.
the nurse must develop categories for
the classification of responses. Making Standard – d
esired level of performance
sure that the categories are mutually
Criteria – is the indicator that will tell you
exclusive and exhaustive. Mutually
whether the objectives are attained or not
exclusive choices do not overlap.
● Exhaustive category participates
possible answers that a respondent may
give.
3. Data presentation Reasons why planning is important:
● Data presentation will depend largely 1. Planning provides more r ational decision
on the type of data obtained. Descriptive making instead of gut feel thus interest or
data are presented in narrative reports. political considerations. Planning will serve
● Examples of data appropriate for as the basis for decision making
descriptive presentation ate geographic 2. Given the multiple needs of the people, and
data, history of a place or beliefs the scarce of community resources,
regarding illness and death. planning utilizes available resources
● Numerical data may be presented into properly.
table or graphs. Tables or graphs are 3. With the conflicting values and views
useful in showing key information within the community, planning assist in
making it easier to show comparisons determination with common goals,
including patterns and trends. objectives, and strategies.
4. Data analysis 4. Positive change and brought is feasible
5. Identifying the community health nursing with planning.
problems
6. Priority Setting
Scoring:
o Each problem will be scored according
to each criterion and divided by the
highest possible score multiplied by the
weight. Then the final score for each
criterion will be added to give the total
score for the problem. The problem with
the highest score is given high priority
by the nurse.
Program Planning
● Community level
● Starts with the cues, problem (classified
into health status problem, health-related
problem, and problem in terms of
resources), Health problem, Objectives
(general and specific), Eligible population
(description and number), Target
population (number and percentage),
Activities, Resources (Manpower, material,
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