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Unit 11 (Long questions)
Section 11.1
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Mr Chan is driving his car on a highway. His car travels 1600 m in 1 min. The speed
limit of this highway is 100 km h1.
(a) Find the average speed of Mr. Chan’s car in m s1. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Show that the average speed of Mr. Chan’s car is lower than the speed limit of
the highway. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Although the average speed of Mr. Chan’s car is lower than the speed limit, he
still receives the speeding ticket. Suggest ONE reason why. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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(a) Average speed = 1600 m / 60 s (1m)
1
= 26.7 m s (1m)
(b) If the car travels at the average speed, the distance travelled in 1 hour
= 26.7  60  60 m
= 96 120 m
= 96.12 km (1m)
1 1
Thus, the car’s average speed in km h is 96.12 km h , which is lower than the
speed limit. (1m)
(c) Mr. Chan’s car may be travelling at different speeds at different times and the
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speed may be higher than the speed limit at some particular times. (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110100002|!|
The distance-time graphs of cars P and Q are shown below. They are travelling from
place X to place Y. Cars P and Q take 35 s and 30 s respectively to complete the
journey.
distance (m)
0.8
0.6
car P
0.4
car Q
0.2
time (s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(a) What is the distance between places X and Y? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(b) At time = 5 s, which car travels faster? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(c) At time = 20 s, which car is ahead of the other car? What is the distance between
them? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) Describe the motion of car Q from time = 10 s to 20 s. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
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(a) 0.72 km (1m)
(b) Car P (1m)

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(c) Car P is ahead of car Q. (1m)

The distance between the cars is 0.2 m. (1m)
(d) Car Q is at rest. (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110100003|!|
The distance-time graph of object X from time = 0 to 14 s is as shown below. The
object is travelling in a straight line.
distance (m)
60
50
40
30
20
10
time (s)
0 10 20 30
(a) How far has object X travelled at time = 5 s? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(b) Find the average speed of object X from time = 0 to 14 s. (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
(c) Describe the motion of object X from time = 0 to 14 s. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________

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(d) After time = 14 s, the speed of object X is gradually decreasing. It will finally
stops at distance = 60 m at time = 20 s. In the above diagram, sketch the
distance-time graph of object X from time = 14 s to 30 s. (2 marks)
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(a) 18 m (1m)
1
(b) average speed = 50 m / 14 s = 3.6 m s (2m)
(c) Object X travels with a constant speed in uniform motion. (1m)
(d) (2m)
distance (m)
60
50
40
30
20
10
time (s)
0 10 20 30
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Alfred takes part in a 50-metre swimming race. The race starts at time = 0 and
Alfred’s distance-time graph is shown on the right below.
distance (m)
60
50
40
30
20
10
time (s)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(a) Describe the motion of Alfred from time = 0 to 70 s. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) (i) What is Alfred’s distance at time = 30 s? (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
(ii) When does Alfred finish the race? (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
(iii) Find out Alfred’s average speed in the race. (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________
(c) Bobby also takes part in the race. He swims at a higher steady speed than Alfred.
On the figure above, sketch Bobby’s distance-time graph from time = 0 to 70 s.
(2 marks)
##
(a) From time = 0 to 50 s, Alfred moves at a steady speed. (1m)
From time = 50 s to 70 s, Alfred is at rest. (1m)
(b) (i) 30 m (1m)
(ii) 50 s (1m)
dis tan ce 50 m
(iii) Average speed = = = 1 m s1 (2m)
time 50 s

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(c) Slope of the first part of the graph steeper than that of Alfred (1m)
Horizontal line for the second part of the graph (1m)
distance (m)
60
50
40
30
20
10
time (s)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Section 11.2
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(a) What is a force? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) What are the effects of force on the motion of an object? (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) What is the unit of force? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(d) Give THREE examples of force. (3 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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(a) Force can be a push or a pull. (1m)

(b) A force can start or stop the motion of an object. (1m)
A force can change the speed of an object. (1m)
A force can change the direction of motion of an object. (1m)
(c) Newton (N) (1m)
(d) Friction (1m)
Magnetic force (1m)
Force of gravity (1m)
(Or any other reasonable answers)
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|!|ASELM0110200006|!|
An experiment is carried out to investigate how the stretched length of a spring
changes with the size of the force applied to it. The graph below shows the results.
stretched length / cm
spring
stretch 14
12
10
stretched 8
length 6
4
2
weight
0 force / N
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(a) What force will produce each of the following stretched length?
(i) 4 cm
force = _________ N (1 mark)
(ii) 7 cm
force = _________ N (1 mark)

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(b) What stretched length does each of the following forces produce?
(i) 3N
stretched length = ________ cm (1 mark)
(ii) 5.5 N
stretched length = ________ cm (1 mark)
(c) Explain briefly why we cannot predict the stretched length produced by a 50 N
force from the information in the graph? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(d) If we use a stiffer spring to repeat the experiment, how does the slope of the
graph change? Sketch the new graph in the diagram above. (1 mark)
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(a) (i) 2 (1m)
(ii) 3.5 (1m)
(b) (i) 6 (1m)
(ii) 11 (1m)
(c) It is because the spring may be damaged by stretching it too much. (1m)
(d) A graph with flatter slope (1m)
stretched length / cm
14
12 new graph
10
8
6
4
2
0 force / N
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Pauline carries out an experiment to investigate the motion of a glider under the
influence of two forces, as shown below. The forces exerted by strings 1 and 2 on the
glider are equal. (The friction on the air track can be neglected.)
string 1 string 2
glider
instrument X air track
(a) What is the direction of the force exerted on the glider by string 1? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) (i) Are balanced forces or unbalanced forces act on the glider? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Pauline slightly pushes the glider to the right so that it starts to move. Does
the glider move in uniform motion or non-uniform motion? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(c) Pauline uses instrument X to measure the distance of the glider in the experiment.
The distance-time graph of the glider is then shown on a computer.
(i) What is the name of instrument X? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________

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(ii) The distance-time graph plotted is shown below. Complete the graph by
drawing line(s). Suppose Pauline pushes the glider at time = 1 s. (1 mark)
distance
time (s)
0 1
##
(a) To the left (1m)
(b) (i) Balanced forces (1m)
(ii) Uniform motion (1m)
It is because balanced forces are acting on the glider. (1m)
(c) (i) Motion sensor (1m)
(ii) Correct graph (1m)
distance
time (s)
0 1
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|!|ASELM0110200008|!|
As a car is moving, two forces are acting on it: the pushing force from the engine, and
the resistive forces due to friction and air resistance.
(a) When the pushing force and the resistive force are equal,
resistive force
pushing force
(i) what happens to the speed of the car? What type of motion is the car
performing? (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) state a reason to briefly explain your answer above. (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
(b) When the pushing force is smaller than the resistive force,
resistive force
pushing force
(i) what happens to the speed of the car? What type of motion is the car
performing? (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) state a reason to briefly explain your answer above. (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
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(a) (i) The speed of the car is steady. (1m)
The car is performing the uniform motion. (1m)
(ii) The forces acting on the car are balanced. (1m)

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(b) (i) The speed of the car is decreasing. (1m)

The car is performing the non-uniform motion. (1m)
(ii) The forces acting on the car are unbalanced. (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110200009|!|
Cherry is taking a lift. The lift starts to rise from the ground floor at time = 0. The
distance-time graph of the lift from time = 0 to 15 s is shown below. She is standing
still in the lift in this whole period of time.
distance (m)
50
40
30
20
10
time (s)
0 5 10 15
(a) How high has the lift reached at time = 7.5 s? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

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(b) Complete the free-body diagram of Cherry below. (2 marks)
(c) Are the forces acting on Cherry balanced at time = 7.5 s? Explain briefly.
(3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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(a) 38 m (1m)
(b) (2m)
force of gravity
supporting force
(c) Yes, the forces are balanced. (1m)
It is because Cherry is in uniform motion at time = 7.5 s, (1m)
as the distance-time graph is a straight line at time = 7.5 s. (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110200010|!|
The figure below shows a roller coaster.
car P
Q
(a) The table below compares the motion of the car at P and Q of the track. Is the car
in uniform motion or non-uniform motion at P and Q? Complete the table to
answer. (2 marks)
Uniform motion or
Description
non-uniform motion?
the car is moving up the straight
P
track at a steady speed
the car is turning at the top of the
Q
loop
(b) Suppose that the car is now at P.

(i) State ONE contact force and ONE non-contact force acting on the car of the
roller coaster when it is moving along the track. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Are the forces acting on the car balanced or unbalanced? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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(a) P: uniform motion (1m)
Q: non-uniform motion (1m)
(b) (i) Contact force: friction (1m)
Non-contact force: force of gravity (1m)
(ii) The forces are balanced. (1m)
It is because the car is in uniform motion at P. (1m)

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Section 11.3
|!|ASELM0110300011|!|
A spacecraft is travelling from the Earth to the Moon. The graph below shows how
the force of gravity acting on an astronaut in the spacecraft changes with the distance
from the surface of the Earth.
Earth’s surface Moon’s surface

Force of gravity
P
Distance from
the Earth’s
0
surface/ km
X Y
(a) Describe how the force of gravity changes with distance in region X. Explain
your answer briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Describe how the force of gravity changes with distance in region Y. Explain
your answer briefly. (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

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(c) Explain why the force of gravity is zero at point P. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(d) A student suggests the following comment.
When a spacecraft travels round

the Earth, the astronaut inside is
‘floating’ around. Therefore, the
weight of the astronaut is zero.
Is her idea correct? Explain briefly. (3 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) The force of gravity decreases when the distance increases in region X. (1m)
It is because the force of gravity exerted by the Earth decreases as the distance
from the Earth increases. (1m)
(b) The force of gravity increases with the distance in region Y. (1m)
It is because when the spacecraft is near the Moon, the force of gravity exerted
by the Moon comes into effect. (1m)
This force increases when the distance from the Moon decreases. (1m)
(c) At P, the force of gravity exerted by the Earth is balanced by the force of gravity
exerted by the Moon. (1m)
(d) Her idea is incorrect. (1m)
The astronaut’s weight is not zero as the force of gravity acting on the astronaut
is not zero. (1m)
The astronaut is ‘floating’ around because he is performing micro-gravity motion.
(1m)
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|!|ASELM0110300012|!|
Besides the weight of an object, a spring balance is sometimes used to measure the
mass of an object. In the diagram below, a spring balance is used to measure the
weight and mass of a wooden block.
spring balance
wooden block
(a) What are the weight and the mass of the wooden block? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Find the weight and the mass of the wooden block on the Moon. (Given: the
force of gravity on the Moon is 1/6 that on the Earth) (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Suppose that the spring balance is brought to the Moon and an object is hung on
the spring balance. Does the reading on the spring balance give the
(i) correct weight of the object? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) correct mass of the object? (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
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(a) The weight is 12 N. (1m)
The mass is 1.2 kg. (1m)

Question Bank
(b) Weight = 12 N / 6 = 2 N (1m)

Mass = 1.2 kg (1m)
(c) (i) Yes (1m)
(ii) No (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110300013|!| [E]
The following table lists several pioneering space probes that landed on other celestial
bodies (天體) in space.
Local force of gravity
Name of probe Mass Aim to land on
(compared to Earth)
Luna 9 1580 kg Moon 17 %
Mars 3 358 kg Mars 38 %
Venera 7 1180 kg Venus 90 %
(a) Find the weights of the three probes on the Earth. (Take: ratio of weight to mass
on the Earth = 10 N kg1) (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Which probe has the smallest weight when it landed on the celestial body?
Calculate this weight. (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Suppose that the probes have the same speed. Which probe requires the least
force in order to land safely? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Luna 9: Weight = 1580  10 N = 15 800 N (1m)
Mars 3: Weight = 358  10 N = 3580 N (1m)
Venera 7: Weight = 1180  10 N = 11 800 N (1m)

Question Bank
(b) Mars 3 has the smallest weight on landing. (1m)

Weight = 3580 N  0.38 = 1360.4 N (2m)
(c) Mars 3 (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110300014|!| [E]
Karen carries out an experiment to find the relationship between the weight and mass
of objects. She records the results in the following table.
Mass (kg) Weight (N) Weight to mass ratio (N kg1)
0.4 3.9
0.5 4.9
2 19.6
10 98.1
(a) What instrument can be used to measure the weight of an object? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Complete the above table. Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.
(2 marks)
(c) What can you conclude from the above result? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(d) A student has a mass of 42 kg. Using the result above, estimate the force of
gravity acting on the student. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Spring balance (1m)

Question Bank
(b) (2m)
Mass (kg) Weight (N) Weight to mass ratio (N kg1)
0.4 3.9 9.8
0.5 4.9 9.8
2 19.6 9.8
10 98.1 9.8
(c) The ratio of weight to mass is a constant. (1m)
(d) Force of gravity = weight (1m)
= 42  9.8 N
= 412 N (1m)
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Section 11.4
|!|ASELM0110400015|!|
The table below shows the fuel consumption of two lorries when they move at
different speeds. The lorries are identical except that one of them is installed with a
wind deflector and the other does not.
wind deflector
lorry P lorry Q
Fuel consumption (L / km)

Speed (km h1)
Lorry P Lorry Q
40 0.5 0.4
50 0.6 0.5
60 0.8 0.68
70 1.12 0.96

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(a) Explain why fuel consumption is needed to keep the lorries moving at steady
speeds. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Draw a graph below to represent the information in the above table. (3 marks)
1.2
1.0
Fuel 0.8
consumption
0.6
(L / km)
0.4
0.2
0
40 50 60 70
Speed (km h1)
(c) State and explain how the fuel consumption of the lorries is affected by their
speeds. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) Compare the fuel consumption of lorries P and Q with explanation. (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) The engine requires fuel to produce a driving force on the lorry (1m)
to balance the air resistance and friction acting on the lorry. (1m)

Question Bank
(b) (3m)
1.2
1.0
Fuel 0.8
lorry P
consumption
0.6
(L / km) lorry Q
0.4
0.2
0
40 50 60 70
Speed (km h1)
(c) The fuel consumption increases when the speed increases. (1m)
This is because the air resistance acting on the lorries is larger when the their
speeds are higher. (1m)
(d) The fuel consumption of lorry Q is lower than that of lorry P. (1m)
This is because lorry Q is installed with a wind deflector and its shape is more
streamlined. (1m)
Therefore, the air resistance acting on lorry Q is smaller. (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110400016|!|
A small ball is shot on the ground. Its path in the air is shown below.
(2) The ball reaches the

highest point on the
way.
(1) The ball starts flying. (3) The ball is about to

land on the ground.
(a) In the figure above, draw arrows to represent the air resistance acting on the ball
at points (1), (2) and (3). (3 marks)
(b) (i) Name a non-contact force acting on the ball when it travels. (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Compare the size of the force in (b)(i) when the ball is at (1) and when it is
at (2). (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
(c) If the ball is shot on the Moon, how does the highest point the ball can reach
change? Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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(a) (3m)
air resistance
(2)
air resistance
air resistance
(1) (3)

Question Bank
(b) (i) force of gravity / weight (1m)

(ii) The force of gravity acting on the ball at (1) is equal to that at (2). (1m)
(c) The highest point is higher. (1m)
It is because the force of gravity exerted by the Moon on the ball is smaller. (1m)
Also, as the Moon has no air, there is no air resistance acting on the ball. (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110400017|!|
In the design of cars, the drag coefficient is an important data which measures the air
resistance exerted on the car while it is moving. In order to compare the drag
coefficients of different cars, experiments testing the air resistance will be carried out
in wind tunnels.
(a) Suggest how the drag coefficient is related to the shape of the car. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) One factor which governs the air resistance exerted on the car is known as ‘skin
friction’. Briefly explain how a smooth coating will affect the air resistance
exerted on a car. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(c) How will the surface area of a car affect air resistance acting on it? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(d) How will the speed of the car affect the air resistance acting on it? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(e) What is the controlled variable when the air resistance acting on a car is tested in
wind tunnel? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(f) State and explain whether the weight of the car is an independent variable in the
experiment. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
##
(a) The car with a more streamlined shape has a lower drag coefficient. (1m)
(b) A smooth coating can reduce the air resistance exerted on a car. (1m)
(c) A larger surface area will result in a larger air resistance. (1m)
(d) A higher car speed will result in a larger air resistance. (1m)
(e) Wind speed is the controlled variable. (1m)
(f) No, (1m)
the air resistance measured is not related to the weight of the car. (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110400018|!|
Kenny goes waterskiing. When he plays this sport, he stands on a board and is pulled
by a fast moving boat through a rope. He then skis across the water surface.
rope
board
(a) State ONE contact force and ONE non-contact force acting on Kenny. (2 marks)
Contact force: _____________________________________________________
Non-contact force: _________________________________________________

Question Bank
(b) Kenny is now skiing to the left at a steady speed.

(i) Complete the following free-body diagram of Kenny and the board with
clearly labelling. (2 marks)
(ii) Do the forces acting on Kenny balanced or unbalanced? Explain briefly.

(2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(c) Kenny needs to make use of friction when he is waterskiing. Explain briefly.
Also, suggest ONE way to increase the friction. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Contact force: friction by the water surface/water resistance/pulling force on the
rope/supporting force by the water/buoyant force (1m)
(b) (i) (2m)
force on the rope
supporting force by water weight

(or buoyant force)
friction on the water surface

(or water resistance)

Question Bank
(ii) The forces are balanced. (1m)

It is because Kenny is skiing at a steady speed along a fixed direction. (1m)
(c) Kenny holds the handle of the rope securely by making use of friction. (1m)
The friction can be increased by wearing gloves made of anti-slippery materials.
(Or any other reasonable answers) (1m)
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|!|ASELM0110400019|!|
Racing cars, e.g. the formula 1, are very streamlined. However, double deckers are
not.
racing car
double decker
(a) Why are racing cars designed to be streamlined? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(b) Briefly explain why double deckers do not required very streamlined shapes?
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Satellites orbit the Earth at a high speed (about 7500 m s1). Briefly explain why
satellites do not required very streamlined shapes? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) A streamlined design can reduce the air resistance acting on the racing cars. (1m)
(b) It is because double deckers are slow moving vehicles. (1m)
When double deckers are moving, the air resistance acting on them is not
significant. (1m)
(c) It is because there is no air and thus no air resistance in space. (1m)

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|!|ASELM0110400020|!|
When a car driver applies the brake, the car travels a certain distance before coming to
a stop. This distance is called braking distance.
A car manufacturer carries out a test to measure the shortest braking distance of a car
travelling at 70 km h1. The test is conducted on three different dry road surfaces. The
results are shown below.
Road surface concrete bitumen sandstone
Shortest braking distance (m) 21.8 23 28
(a) On which road surface is the friction between the car tyres and the road the
greatest in braking? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Write the energy conversion that occurs in braking. (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
(c) Hence, explain why the tyres usually become hot after braking. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) If the test is repeated with the car travelling at 50 km h1, how will the results in
the above table change? Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(e) If the test is repeated on wet roads, how will the results in the above table change?
Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##

Question Bank
(a) Concrete surface (1m)

(b) Kinetic energy (of the car)  Thermal energy + Sound energy (2m)
(c) In braking, some kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy. (1m)
The thermal energy causes the tyres to heat up. (1m)
(d) The braking distances will decrease (1m)
because the car has less kinetic energy. (1m)
(e) The braking distances will increase (1m)
because the friction between the road and the car tyres decreases when the road
is wet. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110400021|!|
John has made two toy ships P and Q. The ships have the same mass and are installed
with the same type of electric motors. However, they have different shapes.
Ship P Ship Q
John then carries out a test to measure the top speeds that the ships can reach. The
results are shown below.
Top speed of ship P (cm s1) Top speed of ship Q (cm s1)
Trial 1 10.5 9.8
Trial 2 10.3 9.5
Trial 3 10.9 10.1
(a) State the major force that opposes the motion of the ships in the test. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
(b) Explain why John repeats the test several times. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) What conclusion can John draw from the results? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(d) Briefly explain the above conclusion. (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(e) Suppose the electric motor on each ship has power of 20 W. Find the energy
output by the motor in 2 minutes. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Water resistance/friction in water (1m)
(b) John can find the average values of the results. (1m)
This can help reduce the error of the test. (1m)
(c) Ship P has higher top speed. (1m)
(d) Ship P is in a streamlined shape while ship Q is not. (1m)
Therefore, water resistance acting on ship P is smaller. (1m)
(e) Energy output = 20 W  ( 2  60 s) (1m)
= 2400 J (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110400022|!|
James is measuring the minimum forces (horizontal) required to move different loads
on a bench. The results are shown in the table below.
load instrument X
pulling force
1 kg 2 kg 1 kg 2 kg
Load
steel block steel block wooden block wooden block
Minimum force 1.0 N 2.0 N 1.6 N 3.2 N
(a) James is using instrument X to measure the force. What is the name of instrument
X? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Why is the minimum force required to move a 1 kg steel block smaller than that
required to move a 1 kg wooden block? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(c) State ONE way to reduce the friction between the load and the bench surface.
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(d) If a 1 kg steel block is attached at the top of a 1 kg wooden block, what will be
the minimum force required to move them on the bench? Briefly explain your
answer. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Spring balance (1m)
(b) It is because the friction between the surface of a steel block and the bench is
smaller than the friction between the surface of a wooden block and the bench.
(1m)
(c) Apply some lubricant between the bench and the block. (1m)

Question Bank
(d) The minimum force required should be 3.2 N. (1m)

It is because the total mass of the blocks is equal to 2 kg and the contact surface
of the blocks with the bench is wood. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110400023|!|
Hovercrafts are among the fastest water vehicles. Their basic structure includes a
powerful fan at the bottom, which blows air downwards to the water surface. Also,
there is a big fan at the back of the hovercrafts.
(a) Briefly explain the working principle of a hovercraft that allows it to travel at a
high speed. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) A hovercraft usually does not have a streamlined shape. Why? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) The big fan at the back of the hovercraft is used to produce a pushing force on
the hovercraft to cause the hovercraft to move. To which direction should the big
fan blow air? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
##
(a) As the fan at the bottom of the hovercraft blows air downwards, the hovercraft is
lifted above the water surface and an air cushion is produced. (1m)
Therefore, the friction acting on the hovercraft is greatly reduced and the
hovercraft can travel at a high speed. (1m)
(b) When compared to the friction on the water surface, the air resistance acting on
the hovercraft is much smaller. (1m)
Therefore, there is no need for the hovercraft to have a streamlined shape. (1m)
(c) To the back (1m)
When the big fan is blowing air backwards, a forward pushing force is produced.
These two forces are an action-and-reaction pair. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110400024|!|
The table below compares an early horse-driven cab and a modern cab.
The early cab The modern cab
needs a horse to drive the cab to move needs fuel to move

has wooden wheels has rubber tyres
(a) Both horse and fuel provide a driving force to the cabs. Explain why a driving
force is needed to keep the cabs moving. (1 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) In terms of air resistance and friction, explain the improvements in the design of
a modern cab compared to the early cab. (4 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) A force is needed to overcome the friction acting on the cab. (1m)
(b) The shape of a modern cab is more streamlined, (1m)
which reduces the air resistance and allows it to travel faster. (1m)
Rubber tyres are used instead of wooden wheels and this can increase the friction
between the tyres and the road. (1m)
This results in a better grip on the road and a larger useful friction that allows the
cab to travel faster. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110400025|!|
The famous singer Michael Jackson can do a famous trick called the moonwalk.
When a dancer is doing this trick, he looks like walking forwards as seen from his
posture, but he is actually moving backwards.
moving backward
leg Q (sliding
leg P (fixed in backward)
position)

Question Bank
The moonwalk can be done in the following steps:

(1) Keep one leg in the L shape (leg P above).
(2) Lean the body towards this leg while maintaining the body balance.
(3) Slide the other leg backwards (leg Q above).
(4) Repeat the above steps with the other leg.
(a) When dancer is doing the moonwalk, is friction useful or unwanted for the
following legs? Explain briefly.
(i) Leg P above (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Leg Q above (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(b) Draw arrows in the above figure to represent the friction and the supporting force
acting by the floor on leg Q when the dancer is doing the moonwalk. Label the
arrows clearly. (2 marks)
##
(a) (i) Friction is useful (1m)
because it helps the leg fixed in position and helps maintain the body
balance of the dancer. (1m)
(ii) Friction is unwanted (1m)
because it resists the sliding motion of the leg. (1m)
(b) (2m)
supporting force
friction
##

Question Bank
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|!|ASELM0110400026|!|
Jerry is taking a bus. He does not hold any handles but he is still managed to stand
steadily in the bus when it starts to move.
(a) What force allows Jerry to stand steadily in the bus? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) (i) State ONE contact force and ONE non-contact force acting on Jerry.
(2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Do balanced forces or unbalanced forces act on Jerry when the bus starts to
move? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(c) If the floor of the bus is wet (e.g. on a rainy day), Jerry may easily fall if he does
not hold the handles.
(i) Explain briefly why Jerry may fall easily when the floor is wet. (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________

Question Bank
(ii) Suggest ONE material that can be used to make the handles so that people
can hold them firmly. (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
##
(a) Friction between Jerry’s shoes and the floor of the bus (1m)
(b) (i) Contact force: Friction/supporting force acting by the floor (1m)
(ii) Unbalanced forces (1m)
It is because the bus starts to move and thus is in non-uniform motion. (1m)
(c) (i) It is because the friction is greatly reduced. (1m)
(ii) Rubber / anti-slippery materials (1m)
##
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Section 11.5
|!|ASELM0110500027|!|
In an accident, two ships P and Q crash as shown below.
(a) In the above diagram, draw an arrow with labelling to represent the driving force
produced by the propeller of ship P. The propeller is at the back of the ship.
(1 mark)

Question Bank
(b) In the above diagram, draw two arrows to represent the impact forces acting on
the ships when the ships crash. Label the arrows clearly. (2 marks)
(c) Compare the magnitudes of the two impact forces in (b). Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a), (b) (3m)
driving force
Q
impact force impact force
acting on P acting on Q
by Q by P
(c) The two impact forces are equal in magnitude (1m)

because they are an action-and-reaction pair. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110500028|!|
In the figure below, a tennis player is hitting a tennis ball with a racket.
(a) Is the hitting action a ‘push’ or a ‘pull’? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) List TWO effects on the tennis ball’s motion by the force. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) A pair of action and reaction is involved when the ball is hit by the racket.
(i) State this pair of action and reaction. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Compare the sizes of the forces in (c)(i). (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
##
(a) A ‘push’. (1m)
(b) The force changes the speed and direction of the tennis ball. (2m)
(c) (i) The force acting on the tennis ball by the racket (1m)
The force acting on the racket by the tennis ball (1m)
(ii) These two forces are equal. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110500029|!|
The photo below shows a helicopter. When its blades are rotating, air is blown and
this produces a lifting force on the helicopter.
blade (rotating)
(a) The helicopter is now staying still in the air. Are the forces acting on the
helicopter balanced or unbalanced? Explain briefly. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Should the air blown upwards or downwards by the rotating blades? Explain
briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Study the photo above and state what design of the helicopter can reduce the air
resistance acting on it. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(d) A student thinks that ‘the helicopter can travel much faster in space as there is no
air and no air resistance in space.’ Comment on this student’s statement.
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) The forces are balanced. (1m)
(b) The air is blown downwards. (1m)
The force acting on the air by the blade and the lifting force are an
action-and-reaction pair so they are opposite in direction. Therefore, in order to
produce an upward lifting force, the air should be blown downwards. (1m)
(c) The helicopter has a streamlined shape to reduce the air resistance. (1m)

Question Bank
(d) The student is incorrect. (1m)

There is no air in space so the blades cannot blow any air. No lifting force can be
produced and the helicopter cannot work. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110500030|!|
The figure below shows a ferryboat. When the boatman pulls the fixed rope that is
fixed across the river, the ferryboat moves.
boatman rope
(a) An action-and-reaction pair is involved when the boatman applies a force to pull
the rope. What are these forces? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) To which direction should the boatman pull the rope in order to move the
ferryboat to the left? Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) The boatman should wear gloves to pull the rope more effectively. What design
should the gloves have? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
##
(a) The force acting on the rope by the boatman (1m)
The force acting on the boatman by the rope (1m)
(b) The boatman should pull the rope to the right. (1m)
It is because the force acting on the boatman/ferryboat and the force acting on
the rope are opposite in direction as they are an action-and-reaction pair. (1m)
(c) The glove should have a rugged surface. (1m)
This can increase the friction so that the boatman can pull the rope without
slipping. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110500031|!|
The following figures show two types of ships which are driven by moving air.
big fan
mainsail (a cloth)
(a) Draw labelled arrows in the above figures to show the forces that make the ships
move. Suppose that the ships move to the left. (4 marks)

Question Bank
(b) Peter combines the key parts of two ships above and makes a model ship shown
below. His idea is to use a fan to blow air towards the mainsail so that the ship
will move to the left. Briefly explain whether his design works. (4 marks)
mainsail
fan
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) (4m)
Reaction force from the air Force from moving
driven by the fan air/wind
(b) The ship will not move. (1m)

When the fan starts working, it exerts a leftward forces on the air. The air will
move towards the mainsail and exert a leftward force on the mainsail. (1m)
However, the air will also exert a rightward reaction force on the fan. (1m)
Therefore, the forces acting on the mainsail and the fan are opposite in direction
and balanced. As a result, the ship will not move. (1m)
##
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Section 11.6
|!|ASELM0110600032|!| [E]
Read the article about rocket engines below and then answer the questions that follow.
Up to 2004, only three countries have actually sent people into the outer space. All
these space journeys required the use of a very complicated machine ― the rocket
engine. The principle of a rocket engine is based on the famous Newton’s Law that
‘to every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.’
A rocket engine pushes (action) mass out from the nozzle downward at great speed.
The reaction so produced will push the rocket engine upwards. A rocket engine is
generally ejecting mass in the form of a high-pressured gas. The mass comes from
the fuel burnt inside the rocket engine. If you burn 1 kg of rocket fuel (such as liquid
hydrogen), 1 kg of exhaust gas will be pushed out with a speed of about 4500 m s1
from the nozzle, pushing the rocket engine upwards.
(a) What is the basic working principle of a rocket engine? (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Suggest ONE simple experiment that can demonstrate the working principle of a
rocket engine at home. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
(c) (i) What is the fuel of a rocket engine? (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Besides the fuel, the rocket engine also needs to carry oxygen. Why?
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
##
(a) As the rocket engine pushes mass out downwards, the mass will push back on the
rocket engine in the upward direction. (1m)
The two forces involved are action and reaction. (1m)
(b) Blow up a balloon and let it go at home. It will push out the air and fly all over
the room. (1m)
(c) (i) Hydrogen (1m)
(ii) Oxygen is required to burn the fuel but there is no oxygen in space. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110600033|!| [E]
Tony used a plastic bottle to make a water rocket and launched it as shown below.
plastic bottle moving
water rocket
water
Range
Water rocket Launching of a water rocket
Tony noticed that if the launching angle  is fixed, the range (distance reached by the
rocket) varied with the amount of water in the bottle. He investigated how the range
varied with the amount of water in the bottle and the results are shown below.

Question Bank
Range / m
 

 
amount of water/ cm3
Before the experiment, Tony thought that the range should increase with the amount
of water in the bottle. However, to his surprise, the range decreased after reaching a
maximum value.
(a) Briefly explain the working principle a water rocket. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) The first part of the above graph shows that if the amount of water in the rocket
is small, the range is also small. Why? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) The second part of the above graph shows that the range decreases after reaching
a maximum. Why? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) How would you modify the design of the water rocket so as to increase the range
of the water rocket? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(e) Suggest ONE precaution to improve the reliability of this experiment. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
##
(a) When the water rocket is launched, it pushes the water out downwards. The
water pushes back on the rocket upwards at the same time. (1m)
The two forces involved are action and reaction. (1m)
(b) If the amount of water is small, the water will be pushed out of the rocket in a
very short time. (1m)
The pushing force will not last long and therefore the range is small. (1m)
(c) If the amount of water is large, the rocket will have greater mass. (1m)
The speed of the water rocket will be smaller and the range will be smaller. (1m)
(d) Add a cone-shaped nose cap to the top of the water rocket. (1m)
This can reduce the air resistance acting on the rocket. (1m)
(Or any other reasonable answer)
(e) Do not carry out the experiment on a windy day./For each amount of water,
launch the rocket for several times and take average of the measured range. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110600034|!| [E]
The simple structure of a rocket is shown below.
stored liquid hydrogen
combustion chamber
stored oxygen
nozzle
When the rocket is launched, the stored liquid hydrogen (the fuel) and oxygen are
mixed, and burned in the combution chamber. This produces very hot gases. The hot
gases are ejcted through the nozzle at high speed and the rocket takes off.
(a) A huge pushing force is required to launch a rocket. Why? (1 mark)

Question Bank
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Using the concept of ‘Forces occur in pairs.’, explain how the rocket can move
up as it ejects the hot gases out. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Why the rocket needs to carry its own oxygen? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) The nozzle usually have small openings through which the gases are ejected.
Suggest ONE reason of this design. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(e) Explain why the rocket should be long and narrow. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) A huge force is required to push the rocket and overcome the force of gravity
acting on the rocket. (1m)
(b) As the rocket pushes the hot gases out downwards, the hot gas also pushes back
the rocket in the upward direction. (1m)
The two forces are the action-and-reaction pair. (1m)
(c) The burning of liquid hydrogen requires oxygen, (1m)
but there is no oxygen in space. (1m)
(d) The small openings allow the hot gases to be ejected at high speed so that a
larger pushing force can be produced. (1m)
(e) The rocket is narrow and long so that its shape is more streamlined. (1m)
This can reduce the air resistance acting on it. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110600035|!| [E]
Alan carries out an experiment as shown below.
water rocket
pump
trigger
launching angle
horizontal distance
Here shows the procedures of his experiment

1. He fills the water rocket with water to three-quarter full.
2. He sets the launching angle to 30.
3. He pumps air into the rocket and then pushes the trigger.
4. He measures the horizontal distance that the rocket travels.
5. He repeats the above steps twice.
6. He repeats the experiment with launching angles of 45 and 60.
(a) Briefly explain the working principle of a water rocket. (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) What do you think is the aim of Alan’s experiment? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(c) Write the variables of Alan’s experiment. (4 marks)

Controlled variables
Independent variable Dependent variable
(Write TWO)

Question Bank
(d) The table below shows the results of Alan’s experiment.

Launching angle Trial Horizontal distance (m)
1 42
30 2 40
3 44
1 50
45 2 54
3 59
1 45
60 2 42
3 40
What conclusion can you draw from the above result? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(e) Suggest ONE precaution to improve the reliability of the experiment. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) When a water rocket is launched, water is pushed out of the rocket downwards.
The water exerts an upward force on the rocket at the same time. (1m)
The two forces involved are an action-and-reaction pair. (1m)
(b) The aim is to study how the launching angle affects the horizontal distance
travelled by the rocket. (1m)
(c) (4m)
Controlled variables
Independent variable Dependent variable
(Write TWO)
- Volume of water in the Launching angle Horizontal distance
water rocket travelled by the water
- amount of air pumped rocket
into the water rocket
(Or any other reasonable

answers)
(d) The rocket travels the furthest when the launching angle is 45. (1m)
(e) Carry out the experiment on a windless day (1m)
##
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[[]]
|!|ASELM0110600036|!| [E]
An aeroplane can be used for training astronauts. The astronauts inside the aeroplane
can experience 25 seconds of micro-gravity condition when it is flying from along a
special path as shown below. The micro-gravity condition is created at Y.
Y
aeroplane
X Z
(a) What happens to the astronauts when they are under the micro-gravity condition?
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Is the weight of the astronauts zero when they are under micro-gravity condition?
Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) The micro-gravity condition can cause problems to the astronauts in a spacecraft.
Suggest ONE example of the problems. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) The astronauts cannot feel their own weight. / The astronauts can ‘float’ around
as if they have no weight. (1m)
(b) No, the weight is not zero. (1m)
It is because the force of gravity is acting on the astronauts even when they are
under the micro-gravity condition. (1m)
(c) The astronauts may find it difficult to move walk inside the spacecraft. / The

Question Bank
astronauts’ muscles will get weak. (Or any other reasonable answers) (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110600037|!| [E]
(a) What is friction? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) State TWO ways to reduce friction. (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) State TWO applications of friction. (2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) Give ONE example of frictionless motion. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Friction is a force resisting the sliding motion between the contact surfaces of
two bodies. (1m)
(b) Add lubricants. (1m)
Use a layer of air as a cushion between two surfaces. (1m)
(c) Friction holds a nail firmly on a wall. (1m)
Friction enables us to walk. (1m)
(Or any other reasonable answers)
(d) The motion of a spacecraft travelling in space. (1m)
##
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Question Bank
|!|ASELM0110600038|!| [E]
A boy who weighs 540 N is standing on the ground. (Take the ratio of the weight to
mass on the Earth as 10 N kg1.)
(a) What is his mass? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) What force keeps the boy on the ground instead of floating in the air? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Suppose that the boy was now on a planet with gravity that is only 1/9 that of the
Earth. What would be the mass and the weight of the boy? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) An astronaut is in a spacecraft that is revolving the Earth. The astronaut ‘floats’
around in the spacecraft.
(i) A student thinks the astronaut ‘floats’ around because the force of gravity in
space is zero. Do you agree? Explain briefly. (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Name the motion that the astronaut is performing. (1 mark)

_____________________________________________________________
##
(a) 54 kg (1m)
(b) Gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the boy (1m)
(c) Mass = 54 kg (1m)
Weight = 540 N × 1/9 = 60 N (1m)
(d) (i) I do not agree as the force of gravity is not zero in space. (1m)
(ii) Micro-gravity motion (1m)
##
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Question Bank
|!|ASELM0110600039|!| [E]
Walking on the Moon is different from walking on the Earth. The astronaut ‘walks’ on
the Moon in a hopping way as if jumping, as shown below.
(a) Why is walking on the Moon different from walking on the Earth? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) If a ball is thrown on the Moon instead of on the Earth, how does the distance
the ball can reach change? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) There is no air on the Moon. Can an astronaut hear the footsteps of his own?
Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) The astronaut feels lighter on the Moon because the {gravitational force // force
of gravity} is smaller.
(1m)
(b) The distance is longer. (1m)
It is because the {gravitational force // force of gravity} acting on the ball on the
Moon is smaller. (1m)
Also, there is no air resistance on the Moon. (1m)
(c) Yes, he can hear his footsteps. (1m)
Although there is no air on the Moon, there is air inside the spacesuit. Sound of
footsteps can reach the ears of the astronaut through the air inside the spacesuit.
(1m)
##

Question Bank
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|!|ASELM0110600040|!| [E]
The Jupiter has a force of gravity 2.5 times that on the Earth and an atmospheric
pressure 2 times that on the Earth. Two students are discussing whether it is possible
for astronauts to stay on the Jupiter.
It is possible to stay on the Jupiter. As long as

the astronaut is wearing a spacesuit to maintain
the air pressure inside, he will not be harmed by
the high atmospheric pressure outside.
Mary
It is impossible to stay on the Jupiter.

The force of gravity is too high. The
bones of the astronauts will soon be
damaged as they stay on the Jupiter.
Jenny
(a) Which student(s) is/are correct? Explain briefly. (3 marks)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Based on today’s technology, it takes at least 18 months for a spacecraft to travel
from the Earth to the Jupiter. Comment on the difficulties of sending astronauts
to the Jupiter, even without landing on it. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Jenny is correct. (1m)
It is true that the spacesuit can maintain a suitable air pressure for the astronauts.
(1m)
However, it cannot change the force of gravity on the Jupiter. This strong force

Question Bank
of gravity will damage the bones of the astronauts as they stay on Jupiter. (1m)
(b) The spacecraft has to carry enough air, water and food supply for the astronauts.
(1m)
Furthermore, astronauts will have to stay in a state of micro-gravity for a long
time, which may cause a lot of health problems. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110600041|!| [E]
Read the article below and then answer the questions that follow.
Some basic facts of Shenzhou
solar panels
orbiter module
re-entry module
service module
Shenzhou has a total mass of 7800 kg. It is 8.55 m long and has a maximum
diameter of 2.8 m. It is powered with four solar panels that can generate a total of
1500 W of electricity energy. It consists of three modules that will finally separate
during the flight. They are:
Orbiter module, provides living space for astronauts and contains scientific
equipment. It will separate from the re-entry capsule at the final stage of the mission
and remains in orbit after the astronauts have returned to the Earth, continuing its
scientific observation mission.

Question Bank
Re-entry capsule, carries the astronauts during launching and the return stages of the
flight. It can bring up to three astronauts. After the mission, it separates from the
orbiter module and service module, and falls back to the Earth. A parachute is
opened to slow down its falling before it lands for a safe landing.
Service module, contains the main spacecraft electronics and environmental

systems. It will be separated from the re-entry capsule at the end of a mission and is
burnt up in the atmosphere.
(a) What is the weight of Shenzhou on the Earth’s surface? (Take: ratio of weight on
the Earth’s surface to mass is 10 N kg1) (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Write the energy conversion occurring at the solar panels. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Suppose there are a microwave oven with power 1200 W and a water heater with
power 1000 W. Can these two appliances be switched on at the same time inside
Shenzhou? Why? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) Which module of Shenzhou will finally return to the Earth? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(e) What device is used to reduce the falling speed of the re-entry capsule? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
(f) Why will the service module be burnt up in the atmosphere? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) 7800  10 N = 78 000 N (1m)
(b) Solar energy  Electrical energy (2m)
(c) No. (1m)
It is because the total power required is 2200 W. However, the solar panels of
Shenzhou can only provide a maximum power of 1500 W. (1m)
(d) The re-entry capsule (1m)
(e) Parachute (1m)

Question Bank
(f) When the service module passes through the atmosphere, a large amount of heat
will be produced. (1m)
As there is no heat shield to protect the service module, it will be burnt up in the
atmosphere. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110600042|!| [E]
The diagram below shows Tommy’s idea of how to slow down a spacecraft landing on
the Moon.
(a) Tommy’s idea does not work. Explain briefly. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________
(b) What should be used to slow down the spacecraft? Briefly explain how it works.
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) Parachutes are commonly used in many space missions. Briefly describe ONE
use of parachutes in space missions. (1 mark)

Question Bank
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) There is no air and thus no air resistance on the Moon. Therefore, the parachute
cannot work. (1m)
(b) Rocket engines should be used. (1m)
When the rocket engines eject hot gases downward, the gases exert an upward
force on the spacecraft to slow it down. (1m)
(c) To slow down a spacecraft when it returns to the Earth (1m)
##
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[[]]

Question Bank
|!|ASELM0110600043|!| [E]
A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are 8 simulation photos for different stages of the journey of
Shenzhou V. However, they are not in a correct order.
A. Separation of the B. Moving to the C. Re-entering the

spacecraft from orbit atmosphere
the rocket
D. Launching E. Retrieval on site F. Further reducing

falling speed
G. Guiding parachute
G. Guiding parachute H. Flying along the
opensopens present orbit
(a) Arrange the above eight stages in the correct order. (2 marks)
___  ___  ___  ___  ___  ___  ___  ___
(b) At which of the above stages are the astronauts in micro-gravity motion?
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
(c) Air resistance is useful in some stages but is unwanted in some other stages the
journey.
(i) Is air resistance useful or unwanted in stage D? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Is air resistance useful or unwanted in stage F? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(d) At one of the above stages, a large amount of heat is produced. This poses
dangers to the astronauts inside Shenzhou V.
(i) What is this stage? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Hence, suggest ONE design of Shenzhou V that can protect the astronaut.
(1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________
##
(a) D  B  A  H  C  G  F  E (2m)
(b) A and H (2m)
(c) (i) The air resistance is unwanted. (1m)
It is because it resists the motion of Shenzhou V. (1m)
(ii) The air resistance is useful. (1m)
It is because it can help slow the falling motion of Shenzhou V. (1m)
(d) (i) C (1m)
(ii) The surface of Shenzhou V can be covered with a heat shield/insulating tiles.
(1m)
##
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Question Bank
|!|ASELM0110600044|!| [E]
A spacecraft is designed to land on the Moon.
(a) State and explain whether the following features will be useful for the spacecraft
when it is landing on the Moon.
(i) Streamlined shape (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(ii) Heat shield (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(iii) Parachute (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(b) Briefly explain how a spacecraft can slow its speed so as to land on the Moon
safely. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) (i) Streamlined shape is not needed. (1m)
It is because there is no air or air resistance on the Moon. (1m)
(ii) A heat shield is used to protect the spacecraft from high temperature when
entering the atmosphere. (1m)
It is not needed because there is no atmosphere on the Moon. (1m)
(iii) A parachute can slow down the spacecraft by increasing the air resistance
acting on it. (1m)
However, there is no air and no air resistance on the Moon so the parachute
will not work properly. (1m)
(b) It can fire its rocket engines to eject gases downwards to slow down its speed so
as to land safely. (1m)
##
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[[]]

Question Bank
|!|ASELM0110600045|!| [E]
China has carried out several Shenzhou space missions in recent years. The photo
below shows a return capsule after a space mission.
(a) The return capsule has a streamlined top and a flat bottom. Should the
streamlined top or flat bottom face down (towards the Earth’s surface) when the
return capsule enters the Earth’s atmosphere? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Burn marks are left on the surface of the return capsule. Briefly explain what
causes the burn marks. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) A parachute is needed for the return capsule to land safely. Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) When the astronauts leave the return capsule, they look weak and find it difficult
to stand. One possible reason is that their muscles get weaker after staying in
space for some time. Briefly explain why their muscles get weaker. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) The flat bottom should face down (1m)
because this can increase the air resistance and thus helps reduce speed. (1m)

Question Bank
(b) When the return capsule is entering the Earth’s atmosphere, it is ‘rubbing against’
the air at high speed. (1m)
A large amount of heat is produced and this leaves the burn marks. (1m)
(c) The parachute can increase the air resistance acting on the return capsule. (1m)
This helps reduce the speed of return capsule when it is landing. (1m)
(d) The astronauts are in the state of micro-gravity in space. (1m)
Thus, their muscles need to provide less strength to support their bodies. This
causes their muscles to get weak. (1m)
##
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|!|ASELM0110600046|!| [E]
After landing on the Moon, the Mars is the next goal of human space exploration.
Some information of the Mars is shown as follows.
Information of the Mars

Force of gravity: 38 % that on the Earth
Atmosphere: 0.01 % as thick as that of the
Earth, mainly consisting of
carbon dioxide
Average surface temperature: 63 C
(a) Viking 1 is one of the first spacecrafts that landed on the Mars successfully. It
has a weight of 5600 N on the Earth. What is its weight on the Mars? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Is a parachute or a rocket engine more useful in reducing the speed of the
spacecraft when it is landing on the Mars? Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Question Bank
(c) Is it necessary to cover the spacecraft with a heat shield? Explain your answer
briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(d) Astronauts must wear a spacesuit when they are on the Mars. Suggest TWO
functions of the spacesuit in this situation. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) Weight on the Mars = 5600 N  0.38 = 2128 N (2m)
(b) A rocket engine is more useful (1m)
since the atmosphere of the Mars is too thin and there may not be enough ‘air ’
for a parachute to work properly. (1m)
(c) No, (1m)
because the atmosphere of the Mars is very thin so there is very little ‘air’ on the
Mars. Thus, the surface temperature of the spacecraft will not rise a lot when it is
landing. (1m)
(d) To maintain the body temperature of the astronauts/to maintain a suitable air
pressure for the astronauts/to supply oxygen for the astronauts (1m2)
##
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Question Bank
|!|ASELM0110600047|!| [E]
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Its atmospheric pressure is about
double that on the Earth. Its force of gravity is about 2.5 times that of the Earth.
Suppose that a space probe is to land on Jupiter.
(a) How should the probe’s surface be designed so that it can enter the atmosphere
of Jupiter safely? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Is it possible to use parachutes to slow down the probe when it lands on Jupiter?
Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(c) What is the weight of a 1000 kg probe on Jupiter? (Take: ratio of weight to mass
on the Earth = 10 N kg1) (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
##
(a) The probe’s surface should be covered with a heat shield. (1m)
It is because the air resistance in the atmosphere of Jupiter is very large, which
will cause a very high temperature rise on the probe’s surface when it enters the
atmosphere. (1m)
(b) Yes (1m)
It is because the atmosphere of Jupiter contains a lot of air, which can produce
enough air resistance to the parachutes. (1m)
(c) Weight on the Earth = 1000  10 N = 10 000 N (1m)
Weight on Jupiter = 10 000 N  2.5 = 25 000 N (1m)
##

Question Bank
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Unit 11 (Long questions)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(a) What is the distance between places X and Y? (1 mark)

(b) At time = 5 s, which car travels faster? (1 mark)

(d) Describe the motion of car Q from time = 10 s to 20 s. (1 mark)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(c) Car P is ahead of car Q. (1m)

(a) How far has object X travelled at time = 5 s? (1 mark)

(b) Find the average speed of object X from time = 0 to 14 s. (2 marks)

(c) Describe the motion of object X from time = 0 to 14 s. (1 mark)

Aristo Science for the New Century

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) (i) What is Alfred’s distance at time = 30 s? (1 mark)

(ii) When does Alfred finish the race? (1 mark)

(iii) Find out Alfred’s average speed in the race. (2 marks)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(c) What is the unit of force? (1 mark)

(d) Give THREE examples of force. (3 marks)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(a) Force can be a push or a pull. (1m)

Aristo Science for the New Century

Aristo Science for the New Century

instrument X air track

Aristo Science for the New Century

Aristo Science for the New Century

(ii) state a reason to briefly explain your answer above. (1 mark)

(ii) state a reason to briefly explain your answer above. (1 mark)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) (i) The speed of the car is decreasing. (1m)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) Complete the free-body diagram of Cherry below. (2 marks)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) Suppose that the car is now at P.

Aristo Science for the New Century

Earth’s surface Moon’s surface

Aristo Science for the New Century

(c) Explain why the force of gravity is zero at point P. (1 mark)

(d) A student suggests the following comment.

When a spacecraft travels round

Is her idea correct? Explain briefly. (3 marks)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(ii) correct mass of the object? (1 mark)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) Weight = 12 N / 6 = 2 N (1m)

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) Mars 3 has the smallest weight on landing. (1m)

Aristo Science for the New Century

Fuel consumption (L / km)

Aristo Science for the New Century

Aristo Science for the New Century

Aristo Science for the New Century

(2) The ball reaches the

(1) The ball starts flying. (3) The ball is about to

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) (i) force of gravity / weight (1m)

Aristo Science for the New Century

Aristo Science for the New Century

(b) Kenny is now skiing to the left at a steady speed.

(ii) Do the forces acting on Kenny balanced or unbalanced? Explain briefly.

force on the rope

supporting force by water weight

friction on the water surface

Aristo Science for the New Century