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    Types of Antidotes

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    AprilVivienCu
    There are four main types of antidotes: chemical, mechanical, pharmacological, and physiological. Chemical antidotes change the chemical nature of the poison through inactivation or chemical antagonism. Mechanical antidotes prevent absorption of the poison through dispositional antagonism using activated charcoal. Pharmacological antidotes produce an opposite effect of the poison by binding to the same receptors in a process called receptor antagonism, like atropine for organophosphates. Physiological antidotes produce an opposite effect by binding to different receptors through functional antagonism, such as epinephrine for anaphylaxis. The document then lists various poisonings and their corresponding antidotes.

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    Types of Antidotes

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    AprilVivienCu
    42 views1 page
    There are four main types of antidotes: chemical, mechanical, pharmacological, and physiological. Chemical antidotes change the chemical nature of the poison through inactivation or chemical antagonism. Mechanical antidotes prevent absorption of the poison through dispositional antagonism using activated charcoal. Pharmacological antidotes produce an opposite effect of the poison by binding to the same receptors in a process called receptor antagonism, like atropine for organophosphates. Physiological antidotes produce an opposite effect by binding to different receptors through functional antagonism, such as epinephrine for anaphylaxis. The document then lists various poisonings and their corresponding antidotes.

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    TYPES OF ANTIDOTES

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    There are four main types of antidotes: chemical, mechanical, pharmacological, and physiological. Chemical antidotes change the chemical nature of the poison through inactivation or chemical antagonism. Mechanical antidotes prevent absorption of the poison through dispositional antagonism using activated charcoal. Pharmacological antidotes produce an opposite effect of the poison by binding to the same receptors in a process called receptor antagonism, like atropine for organophosphates. Physiological antidotes produce an opposite effect by binding to different receptors through functional antagonism, such as epinephrine for anaphylaxis. The document then lists various poisonings and their corresponding antidotes.

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    42 views1 page

    Types of Antidotes

    Uploaded by

    AprilVivienCu
    There are four main types of antidotes: chemical, mechanical, pharmacological, and physiological. Chemical antidotes change the chemical nature of the poison through inactivation or chemical antagonism. Mechanical antidotes prevent absorption of the poison through dispositional antagonism using activated charcoal. Pharmacological antidotes produce an opposite effect of the poison by binding to the same receptors in a process called receptor antagonism, like atropine for organophosphates. Physiological antidotes produce an opposite effect by binding to different receptors through functional antagonism, such as epinephrine for anaphylaxis. The document then lists various poisonings and their corresponding antidotes.

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    TYPES OF ANTIDOTES

    o Chemical Antidote – changes the chemical nature of the poison; inactivation; Chemical antagonism
    (Protamine sulphate for heparin toxicity)
    o Mechanical Antidote – prevents absorption of the poison; Dispositional antagonism
    Example: Activated Charcoal; Copper Sulfate; Magnesium Sulfate; Syrup of Ipecac
    o Pharmacological Antidote – produces an opposite effect as that of the poison by binding to same receptors;
    Receptor antagonism
    Example: Atropine for organophosphates; antihistamines for allergy; Naloxone for opioids
    o Physiological Antidote – produces an opposite effect as that of the poison by binding to different receptors;
    Functional antagonism
    Example: Epinephrine and histamine

    INDICATION ANTIDOTE
    Anaphylaxis and hypotension Epinephrine
    Arsenic, mercury, lead and gold BAL or Dimercaprol
    Atropine Physostigmine and Neostigmine
    Barium Magnesium sulfate
    Benzodiazepines Flumazenil
    Beta-blockers Glucagon
    Carbon monoxide, carbon tetrachloride, cyanide and Oxygen
    hydrogen sulfide
    Cardiac glycosides Digoxin specific antibodies
    Copper, lead and mercury Penicillamine
    Coumadin or warfarin Vitamin K1
    Hydroxocobalamin
    Cyanide Nitrite (amyl and sodium)
    Thiosulfate sodium
    Dystonia from neuroleptics Benztropine
    Ethanol and ethylene glycol Thiamine
    Heparin Protamine
    Hypertensive crisis, drugs of abuse, MAOI and clonidine Phentolamine
    Iron Deferoxamine
    Isoniazid and ethylene glycol Pyridoxine
    Lead, zinc, manganese, iron, copper EDTA
    Malignant hyperthermia Dantrolene
    Management of oral poisoning Apomorphine
    Metabolic acidosis from methanol, ethylene glycol or Bicarbonate sodium
    salicylates
    Methanol Leucovorin calcium
    Ethanol
    Methanol and ethylene glycol Folic acid
    Fomepizole
    Methemoglobinemia Methylene blue
    Opioids and opiates Naloxone
    Oral medications or poisons Charcoal
    Oral poisonings Ipecac syrup
    Organophosphate and carbamates Atropine
    Pralidoxime
    Paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride Acetylcysteine
    Sympathomimetic drugs, hallucinogens, strychnine and Benzodiazepines
    chloroquine
    Thallium and cesium Prussian Blue

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