LUBRICANT COMPOSITION

- Types Of Additives In Lubricants

There are many types of additives for lubricants, some of these are: [1]

Viscosity modifiers, Detergents, Dispersants, Anti-wear agents, Extreme pressure agents,

Antioxidants[1]

Each one of these are useful for different characteristics of lubricants for get a better work
between mechanical parts, in some cases maximizing the characteristics of the base lubricating oil,
and in other cases adding beneficial characteristics. [2] The selection of lubricants depends largely
on its additives and the required specifications, depending on the type of machinery for which the
lubricant is intended, for that reason it is so important it is important to know about additives and
their uses. [3]

- Role of additives

The role of additives in the importance of lubrication mainly depends of the use, for example,
viscosity modifiers change the viscosity of the base oil for a better mechanism operation without
friction; detergent additive helps to keep hot metal components clean and avoid micro residues;
dispersants helps to keep free of deposits the mechanism; anti-wear agents, helps to protect the
machine parts from wear loss of metal and it is a polar additive helping to attach the frictional
parts; extreme pressure agents, helps to prevent the welding in cold caused by metal-to-metal
contact; antioxidants, helps to prevent presence of oxygen in contact with mechanical parts at
high temperatures and wear. [4] [1]

STANDARDS AND LUBRICANT SELECTION

The following are organizations charged with standardizing lubricants and their characteristics:

The American Petroleum Institute API, The Society of Automotive Engineers SAE, The
American Gear Manufacturers Association AGMA, The National Lubricanting Grease Institute NLGI,
The American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM, The International Standards Organization
ISO, The International Lubrication Standardization and Approval Committee ILSAC, The Japanese
Automobile Standards Association JASO, The Deutsche Industrie Norm DIN, Association Francaise
de Normalisation AFNOR, The Association of European Automotive Manufactures ACEA. [5]

These organizations are the main entities for regulation of lubricants and additives, in addition to
their uses in the industry.[5]

- Lubricant Selection

For the lubricant selection is important think in different characteristics of the mechanism, for
example, what is the volatility in operation condition, the different types of lubricant for use in
time and working period [5], it is important to read the manufacturer's manual because usually
there it says the type of lubricant recommended for their machines or mechanism.

[1] NanoEnergizer Malaysia, “Lubricants Fundamental Part 1.”

 https://youtu.be/WwvLvgwSpT4 (accessed Mar. 09, 2021).
[2] B. Gresham, “Some Additives Required: Lubricant Additives, Explained,” Prospector, 2017.
https://knowledge.ulprospector.com/6711/lmf-some-additives-required-lubricant-
additives-explained/ (accessed Mar. 09, 2021).
[3] IDC, “Additives in lubricanting oils.”
http://www.idc-online.com/technical_references/pdfs/chemical_engineering/
Additives_in_lubricating_oils.pdf (accessed Mar. 09, 2021).
[4] Noria Corporation, “Lubricant Additives - A Practical Guide.”
https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/31614/minimize-grease-bleeding (accessed
Mar. 09, 2021).
[5] NanoEnergizer Malaysia, “Lubricants Fundamental Part 2.” https://youtu.be/2qRm4IVby8k
(accessed Mar. 09, 2021).