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Alphabet 2
Alphabet 2
Alphabet 2
Alphabet 2
29 9 165
Basic Consonants
한글 Romanization Pronunciation
ㅁ m /m/
ㄴ n /n/
ㄱ g /g/ or /k/
ㅂ b /b/ or /p/
ㄷ d /d/ or /t/
ㅈ j /ʨ/ jam
ㅅ s /s/ or /ɕ/
ㄱ, ㅂ, and ㄷ represent both voiced and unvoiced sounds (g/k, b/p, and d/t), depending on
the surrounding sounds. With these sounds, there should be no air coming from your mouth.
ㄹ is like Spanish r, where the tip of the tongue strikes the palate very briefly. When it is a
final consonant introduced below, it is pronounced like an l.
ㅅ in most situations sounds like an s, but before ㅣ or "iotized" vowels it sounds more like
"sh".
Aspirants
한글 Romanization Pronunciation
ㅋ k /kʰ/
ㅍ p /pʰ/
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한글 Romanization
Alphabet 2 Pronunciation
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ㅌ t /tʰ/
ㅊ ch /tɕʰ/
ㅎ h /h/
Aspirants are consonants followed by a puff of air. Hold a small sheet of paper in front of
your mouth. Notice that the paper moves when you pronounce the English words ‘pen’ and
touch’ due to the aspiration.
Tense Consonants
한글 Romanization Pronunciation
ㄲ kk /k͈ /
ㅃ pp /p͈ /
ㄸ tt /t͈ /
ㅉ jj /t͈ ɕ/
ㅆ ss /s͈ /
Final Consonants
Korean only have a few possible sounds at the end of a syllable, so many consonants'
pronunciations change.
ㄱ ㄱㅋㄲ
ㄷ ㄷㅌㅅㅆㅈㅊㅎ
ㅂ ㅂㅍ
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ㅁ ㅁ
ㅇ ㅇ
ㄹ ㄹ
When two consonants appear in the final position, only one of them is pronounced:
ㄱ ㄳㄺ
ㄴ ㄵㄶ
ㄹ ㄼㄽㄾㅀ
ㅁ ㄻ
ㅂ ㄿㅄ
When followed by a vowel, final consonants (except ㅇ and ㅎ) move to the start of the next
syllable. Consonants revert back to their original pronunciations and pairs are split, allowing
both to be pronounced. ㅇ does not move, and ㅎ disappears before a vowel. Tense
consonants (ㄲ, ㅆ) are not pairs.
Written Pronunciation
독일 도길
웃음 우슴
영어 영어
관용어 과뇽어
놓이다 노이다
닭이 달기
많이 마니
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Written Pronunciation
Alphabet 2
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엮음 여끔
Assimilation
Many consonants change their pronunciations when a consonant at the end of one syllable
influences or is influenced by the consonant at the start of the next.
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