Introduction

Weather is one of the primary contributory factors and direct causes of airplane accidents. Weather is a
huge factor in aviation. The possibility of accidents occurring is increased by weather conditions like
heavy rain and poor visibility, which can increase the danger of pilot mistake and collisions with other
aircraft or the environment (Gultepe et al., 2019). Many passengers commonly experience choppy
flights due to weather, which can cause severe pain and even damage. Making choices in bad weather
conditions is very difficult for pilots. Flight delays might also be prolonged by weather-related
circumstances.

Scheduled flight delays and serious air catastrophes are regularly brought on by a number of important
atmospheric phenomena. Low clouds, thunderstorms, lightning, icing, wind shear, and a lot of rain are
the main atmospheric dangers. The cause of a lot of accidents and occurrences is thunderstorms.
Thunderstorms are active occurrences with clearly established lifespans which begin in settings with an
upward-moving, deeply disturbed atmospheric layer (Dedoussi, 2021). Hail's solid structure, increased
water concentration, and potential for engine flameout make it more dangerous for aero engines and
components. Icing is extremely hazardous while in airplane since it adds weight to the aircraft, produces
erroneous instrument readings, and impairs the plane's control. Rain reduces sight, and among the main
issues with heavy rain is engine burning in airplanes. The term "wind shear" refers to the spatial and
periodic changes that occur in wind direction or velocity. Flying is difficult when there is wind shear, and
problems with flight control can sometimes result in accidents.

Operating an airplane on a plateau with low pressure, a complicated weather, and uneven terrain is very
expensive and challenging. In heights, the weather can change extremely fast. In the morning, mountain
flight situations would be favorable, and in the late afternoon, heavier clouds and heavier winds are
possible (Guo et al., 2021). Understanding the main airflow trends is crucial for pilots when navigating
over mountainous terrain. The pilot must properly examine maps during pre-flight preparation to
determine the incline of glaciers and mountain slopes. Airplane accidents can also result from collisions
with hills or mountains. Pilot location knowledge and navigation system inspection are crucial for
preventing CFIT (controlled flight into terrain) mishaps.

Natural calamities have a detrimental effect on aviation facilities and aircraft operations. Earthquakes
and volcanic activity are examples of natural disasters which impact aircraft. Earthquakes serve as the
most dangerous natural disasters for aviation equipment and infrastructure. They might cause more
fatalities and structural damage (Yang, 2022). Massive amounts of volcanic ash or extremely small rock
fragments are ejected. Flight safety is at risk from volcanic ash. Volcanic ash is composed of mineral and
rock particles that can range in size from a powdered form to as large as an eighth of an inch in
thickness, as well as sharp, triangular volcanic glass shards that have been rapidly cooled. The radar nose
cone, engine cowlings, and center line of wings and tail rudder are just a few examples of the airplane
body sections that the ash can tear and destroy. When injected into engine components, ashes can also
significantly reduce engine efficiency or, in extremely rare circumstances, even cause engine failure. The
operating system of the airplane may also be harmed.

Conclusions

The effects of environmental issues on aircraft safety are larger. Numerous flights have been
unsuccessful in the past as a result of these issues. A plane is affected by weather, atmospheric
conditions, geographical and meteorological problems, and natural calamities. Environmentally-related
aircraft accidents must be reduced in order to lower the increased level of aviation accidents.

References

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