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Thesis Ivdvmv
Thesis Ivdvmv
Introduction
Learning to read is an exciting milestone for all kinds of learners, whether they’re
in elementary, high school, or college. Students start going to school with differing
abilities. Some of them are able to write their names and read simple sight words on
the first day of school, while others may have a hard time comprehending the lessons.
Educators have a vital role in helping these learners maintain a positive attitude towards
especially in reading. Educators can intervene, especially among those who are still
unprepared academically; by delivering the right message to aid the successful transfer
The problem with the reading comprehension of learners from different levels is
Education Week, around ten to 25% of the global learner population struggle with
reading. This fraction of the global learner population finds it difficult to gather and
associate information from texts. Educational institutions can reduce this figure by more
systematic instruction and engagement with language early in students’ homes and
early classes. We feel we can reduce this figure even further through early identification
development, and through the offering of intensive programs of instruction (Hill, 2012).
Studies reveal that reading comprehension has a direct impact on a student’s
such subjects as English, GHC, Kiswahili, Mathematics and Science. Furthermore, the
said study added that reading comprehension is, therefore, a factor to consider in
seeking to elevate the academic performance of our pupils. Conversely, the researcher
ability.
In a separate study, Indah Windra Dwie Agustiani stated that students’ reading
attitude only had a very small contribution to their reading comprehension achievement.
The researcher’s study included 170 student respondents. The researcher shared that
out of the 170 students, only 21 students (12.3%) achieved good scores in reading
comprehension and 20 out of 170 had a positive attitude toward reading. Only one
student showed a negative attitude towards reading, although the said student
achieved a good score in reading. Thus, this study advocates the findings of
McKenna et al (1995) cited in Donalson (2010) and holds that students with the
Furthermore, in 2010, Dana Malá and Marcela Verešováa revealed that attitudes
towards learning and school are linked with academic achievement. Their study
revealed that t the more positive is the attitudes toward school and learning (ATSL) of of
vision in becoming every Filipino learner to be globally competitive in all ways. The
Intrigued by the results of these studies, the researcher wanted to explore the
(ATSL), and academic performance of students in their locality. Specifically, she wants
these factors, she can propose ways that could improve the students’ overall academic
standing.
In the meantime, the results of this research could serve as a basis for future
researchers who want to evaluate the correlation of these three variables in a different
answer to this question: What are the impacts of reading comprehension and attitude to
learning and academic performance among randomly selected elementary and junior
1. What are the current learning and academic performances of the randomly
5. What factors can improve their reading comprehension and attitude and lead to
Research Objectives
school students?
1. Identify what are the current learning and academic performances of the
5. Identify the factors that can improve their reading comprehension and attitude
kindergarten with differing abilities. Some of them are able to write their names and
read simple sight words on the first day of school, while other children may not even be
able to recite the alphabet. Teachers have a vital role in helping children maintain a
positive attitude towards learning by developing effective and unique teaching strategies
and concepts, especially in reading. Educators can intervene, especially among those
who are still unprepared academically; by delivering the right message to aid the
In the Philippines, a 2014 study conducted by Joyce Ferro Orillosa from the
Dela Salle University revealed that the problems with language are usually manifested
by children having academic difficulties with the letter and sound recognition. She
explained that the problem of children with letters and sounds stems from their lack of
memorization of paired association of letter to sound and they use their previous
familiarity with a letter name and use the sound of the letter name to make a link with
the letter and sound, thus making a more rapid recall of the letter name and sound.
Furthermore, she claimed that it has been apparent that kindergarten students were
connects sounds to letters and letters to words. Based on her deeper analysis of
studies, a child has a tendency to focus on reading the “context” and not the letters in
Briones announced in an interview with the Philippine Daily Inquirer (Baclig, 2020) that
this concept is nothing new. Horn and Staken (2011) explained that this is a
combination of both online and offline learning methodologies with the use of
technology. Online learning is when the learners study with their teacher and
classmates through an application that uses a webcam, while offline learning is when
the teacher provides the students with the lesson, seatwork or assignment that they can
finish at their own pace, within the deadline. This offers an opportunity for an
individualized learning experience for students through the use of digital technology and
Theoretical Framework
This mediation study includes three variables that the researcher assumed to be
interrelated. To support the conceptual framework of the study, the following are the
theories that will be used, together with a brief explanation of how they are applicable:
Attitude towards
school and learning Reading
(ATSL) comprehension
(IV) (MV)
Figure 1: Independent and Mediating Variables of the Study
The researcher assumes that there is a direct and positive relationship between
these two variables. Furthermore, she assumes that as the students’ attitudes towards
school and learning (ATSL) improve, the better their reading comprehension.
Attitude towards
school and learning
(ATSL)
(IV)
Academic
Performance
(DV)
The researcher assumes that there is a direct and positive relationship between
these two variables. Furthermore, she assumes that as the students’ attitudes towards
school and learning (ATSL) improve, the better their overall academic performance.
Reading Academic
comprehension Performance
(MV) (DV)
Figure 3: Mediating variable and Dependent variable
The researcher assumes that there is a direct and positive relationship between
these two variables. Furthermore, she assumes that as the student's reading
Conceptual Framework
performance and performance improvements. When you perform, you are ought to
produce valuable results. The performer is defined as the group or individual engaged in
personal factors, level of identity, level of skills, level of knowledge, and context.
engagement and involvement in reflective practice. The researcher will use the
students’ attitudes towards school and learning (ATSL) to evaluate their reading
Hypothesis
The researcher subscribes to the hypothesis that there is a direct and positive
learners can get meaningful insights into the motivations of their students. The insights
In the meantime, the other educators may take a cue from the results in terms of
handling students who have difficulty comprehending and show negative and
antagonistic reactions towards learning. On the other hand, those teachers who will be
handling students who have problems in comprehension, show a low negative attitudes
towards learning, and are lagging in terms of academic performance may be guided by
the results of this study. They may consider the results when handling these learners.
Further, the input from the participating students in the study may create
environment at home for their children. This can help the latter perform better in school.
When it comes to the public and private educational institutions, they can learn
from the insights shared in this study and use the same as a guide to come up with
plans and programs to strengthen and equip the teachers they send to different classes.
Hopefully, they can institutionalize and contextualize programs that can address the
issue. Likewise, this study could be a reference for other researchers who are interested
This study is only focused on the randomly selected elementary and junior high
school students of ___________________. Moreover, the focus and results of the study
will also reflect only on reading comprehension, attitudes towards school and learning,
and overall academic performance. The survey will be conducted with this group of
learners.
The results will be dependent on the respondents’ inputs. Their personal records
may be the basis for crafting the results of this study. As such, these findings may not
be true for all other learners in different institutions and organizations. Thus, the results
mobility. With the so-called “new normal,” face-to-face interviews with the identified
participants are not feasible. Therefore, virtual surveys will be done instead, which may
limit the opportunity to observe their facial expressions and gestures that may trigger
Definition of Terms
Expected Outcome
The researcher expects to see that the three variables of the study are directly
and positively connected with each other. She also expects to see that as reading
comprehension and attitudes toward school and learning improves, so will the students’
academic performance.
The researcher
Please type something about yourself here.
Chapter 2:
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher described the research design, the research
locale, the respondents/ participants, the research instruments, the research procedure,
the statistical treatment and the ethical consideration that was used in the study.
The purpose of doing research is to add new knowledge to the existing body of
one. It should be carefully thought out and polished before going to the field for data
first idea about an issue is not really a research problem as yet until the idea is
discussed and expanded. The best method of expanding the research problem based
on the first idea is by searching through journal articles on what other people have done
in the area. It is worth spending more time polishing up a research problem than going
Research Design
This research study will utilize two quantitative research methods – survey
research is appropriate. For example, the concern is about views of the general
public including parents about the new policy, i.e., how the new policy has
above types of research and making judgments about its usefulness. This type of
research is probably not truly quantitative due to the elements of value judgment
Research Locale
Research Instrument
Statistical Tool/Design
The following statistical tools will be used in the analysis and interpretation of data.
● Pearson Product Moment Correlation will also be used to find out whether a
of the study.
Data Gathering Procedure
Feedback gathering. The researcher conducted a survey. The feedback gathered from
these surveys and interviews form part of the results of the study.
Data Analysis: The collected data were tallied, tabulated, analyzed and statistically
interpreted using the frequency distribution. A frequency distribution is a tabular
representation of a survey data set used to organize and summarize the data.
Data Analysis
Ethical Consideration
To ensure that the study was conducted in an ethical manner, the study will be
reviewed by the Research Ethics Committee of the ----------- before the conduct of the
study. This study will adhere to the protocol set by the _____________. Thus,
participants‟ full consent will be obtained before the conduct of the study and their
privacy protection will be ensured and assured with the confidentiality of their answers.
Social Value. The result of this study will present valuable information that will
guide teachers on how to manage students in their institutions. With the findings of the
study, school administrators, with their teachers, may become aware of the new
concepts that can be applied in their respective educational institutions. The researcher
plans to share the results of the study to public and private institutions.
Informed Consent. The researcher will obtain both the written and verbal
consent in this study from the participants by letting them sign the consent form before
the conduct of the survey. The researcher will prepare one set of informed consent. This
will inform the participants about the nature and purpose of the study. Before giving the
participants the informed consent, the researcher will initially inform the school
administrators about the study, when they showed eagerness to be part of the study,
then the researcher will request for permission to conduct the interview through a
written consent that will be signed both by the researcher and the participants.
The inclusions in the informed consent are the following: first, the participant
involvement in the study will be voluntary and the participant may withdraw from the
study and the participant may have the right to decline to answer any of the questions or
to end the interview. The participants will not be identified by name in any report using
the information obtained from the survey, and that confidentiality of the participant in this
study will remain secured and protected. A subsequent use of records and data will be
subjected to the standard data use policies, which protect the anonymity of individuals
and institutions.
appropriate individuas will be sought to ensure an objective conduct of this study and
that it will follow the prescribed parameters. In addition, I will consider the vulnerability of
the participants and thus give them the capacity to decide for themselves whether they
become involved or not in this study. The participants will not be vulnerable because
they are given freedom to withdraw from being part of the study if they prefer to.
Further, the researcher will assure that the identities of the participants will be kept
confidential and guaranteed that they will be protected from the possibility of being
identified.
Risks, benefits and safety. During the administration of the online survey, the
researcher will fully disclose to the participants the nature and explain thoroughly and
properly the purpose and benefits of the study as well as the confidentiality of their
responses to establish rapport with the participants before the conduct of the study.
Moreover, the survey guide that will be used in this study will not contain any degrading
will be given freedom not to answer questions which would make them feel any
participant of the study if they feel they cannot discuss the information that was asked
from them. As a researcher, I value their participation and place their welfare as the
participants, coding will be applied. This protects the identity of the participants and the
results of the study; it depends on the participants for them to decide whether the
results would be known to other groups of people. The manner of the storage of data
will be done in an electronic storage. It will be sent to my personal email so that it would
not be lost and can be retrieved anytime when badly needed for the benefit of the
research respondents. The data notebook, recorded audio-tapes or field notes will be
kept in a secured place to avoid fabrication. I will make sure that formal permission from
the respective study sites will be secured and adequate level of confidentiality of the
Likewise, I will make sure that Republic Act number 10173 or The Data Privacy
Act of 2012 (Official Gazette, 2012) will be followed that the participants will be informed
about the policy of the state to protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of
growth. I will guarantee them to observe compliance to the requirements of the Data
Privacy Act of 2012. Also, I will practice the best measures to protect the privacy of the
participants by making them anonymous. Before conducting this study, I will write a
letter of invitation to the participants. It will be noted in the letter about the nature of the
study and the possible effects it had on them. I will give them assurance that their
responses would remain confidential and anonymous. Also, I will ensure that the record
would only be used for this study and cannot be used as source or reference for other
research.
participants equal. Anybody who fitted the qualification based on the criterion will be
considered possible participants of the study. Any risk of harm was avoided to protect
each of the participants. I will see to it that I will stick to the guide questions for the
interview and I will avoid giving my personal opinions to do away with personal biases
and to ensure honesty on their personal experiences and that they will not be influenced
with my views. To compensate for the time that will be spent during data gathering, I will
provide snacks and tokens as appreciation to all participants. Moreover, respecting their
Transparency. The researcher will be transparent about the aspects of the study
that may have an impact on the rights, health, and safety of participants. In this study,
everything will be laid down to the participants. The researcher will ask the respondents
if they’re suffering from any health condition that could make participating in the study
hard. The researcher will also ask the respondents to raise any concerns they have
about the study and their participation. On the other hand, the researcher will consider
all these matters and will only include respondents who are comfortable with the
interview. Hence, honesty and transparency will be observed at all times when
facilities in the conduct of the study. Library and internet facilities will be available for
further readings and citations to help deepen understanding and analysis and
interpretation of the data gathered. Audio recorders, cameras, laptops, printers and
other related software applications for data storage and safety will also be made
available. The researcher will utilize Zoom, Skype, Facebook Messenger, cellular
phone, and similar technology to reach out to the respondents. She will adjust the
methods of data gathering based on the convenience and access to technology of the
respondents. Finally, a group of experts who will provide valuable suggestions and
feedback will help me in conducting the study and communicating the results.