Prepared by: Eden G.

Aniversario, LPT
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 represent real life situations using one-to one functions;

 determine the inverse of a one-to-one function;
 represent an inverse function through its: (a) table of values,
and (b) graph;
 find the domain and range of an inverse function;
 solve problems involving inverse functions.
 Functions
Imagine functions are like the dye you use to color
eggs. The white egg (x) is put in the function blue
dye B(x) and the result is a blue egg (y).
 Inverse Functions
The Inverse Function “undoes” what the function
does.
The Inverse Function of the BLUE dye is bleach.
The Bleach will “undye” the blue egg and make it
white.
In the same way, the inverse of a given
function will “undo” what the original
function did.
For example, let’s take a look at the square
function: f(x) = x2
x f(x) y f--1(x)

33 99 33
9
9 99 3
3
33
33 x2 9999 99 x 333
99
In the same way, the inverse of a given
function will “undo” what the original
function did.
For example, let’s take a look at the square
function: f(x) = x2
x f(x) y f--1(x)

55 2525 55
55 25 25 55
x2 25 25 x 55
55 2525 25
255 55
How do you determine that a function
has an inverse?

It must either be a
• one-to-one function
OR
• a restricted many-to-one function.
 How do you determine that a function is
one-to one?

• Look at values of function

– Use a map
– Use a set of ordered pairs
– Use a table of values
– Use the function equation
• Horizontal Line Test
Remember we talked about functions---
taking a set X and mapping into a Set Y

1
1 22
22
4
33 4
66
4 8
4 8
55 1010

Set X Set Y
An inverse function would reverse that
process and map from SetY back into Set X
 How do you determine that a function is one-to one?
Use a mapping diagram.
2 1 7
3 3
5 0
9
f
ordered pairs (2,1) (3, 7) (5, 3) (9, 0)
map y to x (1, 2) (7, 3) (3, 5) (0, 9)
One-to-one
2 4
-2 5 25
9 81
g
ordered pairs (2,4) (-2, 4) (5, 25) (9, 81)
Map y to x (4, 2) (4, -2) (25, 5) (81, 9)
Note g is not one-to-one.
 How do you determine that a function is one-to one?

Use a table of values.

• Given the function at the right

– Can it have an inverse?
x Y
– Why or Why Not?
• NO … when we reverse the ordered 1 5
pairs, the result is Not a function
– We would say the function is
2 9
not one-to-one
• A function is one-to-one 4 6
when different inputs always
result in different outputs 7 5
c  d  f (c )  f ( d )
 Recall that to determine by the graph if an equation is
a function, we have the vertical line test.

If a vertical line intersects the graph of an

equation more than one time, the equation
graphed is NOT a function.

This is NOT a
This is a function function This is a function
If a horizontal line intersects the graph of an
equation more than one time, the equation
graphed is NOT a one-to-one function and will
NOT have an inverse function.

This is NOT a
This is a one-to-one This is NOT a
one-to-one function one-to-one
function function
 How do you find the Inverse Function?
• Notation for the inverse function f -1 is read
“f-inverse”

{(-3, 7), (-2, 10), (-1, 12), (0, 15), (1, 10)}
Inverse:

{(-5, 12), (-2, -8), (4, 10), (6, 14), (10, 18)}
Inverse:
** Remember functions have to pass the vertical line test!
***Remember for functions to have an inverse function they have to
pass the horizontal line test!
 What do we know about the graphs of functions and
their inverses?
y = f(x) y=x

The graph of a
function and
its inverse are y = f-1(x)
mirror images
about the line

y=x
Is it possible to make a many-to-one functions a one-
to-one function, so an inverse does exist?

Think about the domain and range

• The domain of f is the range of f -1
• The range of f is the domain of f -1

• Thus ... we may be required to restrict the

domain of f so that f -1 is a function
How do you finding the inverse of a function with
a restricted domain?
Example Let f ( x)  x  5. Find f 1 ( x).

Solution Notice that the domain of f is restricted

to [–5,), and its range is [0, ). It is one-to-one and
thus has an inverse.
y  x5
x  y5
x2  y  5
y  x2  5
The range of f is the domain of f -1, so its inverse is

f 1 ( x)  x 2  5, x  0.
 Steps in Finding the Inverse
Function

1. Write the function as an equation.

2. Interchange x and y
3. Solve for y.
4. Replace y with the symbol f-1(x)
 EXAMPLE 1
Given: f(x) = 2x + 1

STEP 1 Write the function as an

equation.
y = 2x + 1
STEP 2 Interchange x and y.

x = 2y + 1
 EXAMPLE 1
Given: f(x) = 2x + 1
STEP 3 Solve for y. x = 2y + 1
x-1 = 2y
2 2
𝑥−1
=y
2
STEP 4 Replace y with the symbol f-1(x).
𝒙−𝟏
f-1(x) =
𝟐
 EXAMPLE 2
Given: f(x) = 3x2 + 2

STEP 1 Write the function as an

equation.
y = 3x2 + 2
STEP 2 Interchange x and y.

x = 3y2 + 2
 EXAMPLE 2
Given: f(x) = 3x2 + 2
x = 3y 2 + 2
STEP 3 Solve for y.
2
x-2 = 3y
3 3
𝑥−2 2
3
= y
𝑥−2
3
= 𝑦2
𝒙−𝟐
=𝐲
𝟑
STEP 4
Replace y with the symbol f-1(x).
𝒙−𝟐
f-1(x) =
𝟑
Given:
𝟏
f(x) = - x +1
𝟑

(ON THE INTERACTIVE BOARD)

Given:
𝟏
f(x) = - x +1
𝟑
Given:
𝟐𝒙−𝟏
f(x) =
𝒙+𝟑

(ON THE INTERACTIVE BOARD)

Given:
𝟐𝒙−𝟏
f(x) =
𝒙+𝟑
What have you learned from this
particular lesson?

What is the feeling while learning

this lesson?

How can you apply this lesson

in your life?
 Important Facts About Inverses

If f is one-to-one, then f -1 exists.

The domain of f is the range of f -1, and the

range of f is the domain of f -1.

If the point (a,b) is on the graph of f, then the

point (b,a) is on the graph of f -1, so the graphs
of f and f -1 are reflections of each other across
the line y = x.