• Speed: The rate of change of distance with time is called speed.

The unit of speed is m/s or

km/h.
It is a scalar quantity (magnitude but no direction)
Example: A car travel 20km in 15 minutes. Find its speed.
20
15
Speed =
60
20∗60
=
15
= 80km/h
• Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity with time is called acceleration. The unit of
acceleration is m/s2.
It is a vector quantity. (magnitude + direction).
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
Acceleration =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
𝑣−𝑢
⇒ a=
𝑡
∴ v= final velocity; u= initial velocity
• Velocity: The rate of change of displacement with time is called velocity. The unit of velocity is
m/s.
It is a vector quantity (magnitude + direction).
Example-1: A car raises its velocity from 12m/s to 32m/s in 5 seconds. Find its acceleration.

𝑣−𝑢
a=
𝑡
32−12
= 5
20
= 5
= 4m/s2
Example-2: A car starts from rest raises its velocity to 18m/s in 6 seconds. Find its acceleration.

𝑣−𝑢
a=
𝑡
18−0
= 6
= 3m/s2
• Experiment: Determine the speed of an object. The distance is measured by using a meter rule.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
The time is measured by using a stop watch. Using formula Speed= , the speed of the
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
object is determined. The experiment is repeated and the average speed is calculated.
• Distance-time graph: The diagram of a distance-time graph with labels is shown below:

• Velocity-time graph: The diagram of a velocity time graph is shown below:

• Acceleration-Graph: The following is the acceleration graph which is non-uniform:

• Some important formulas:

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
i) = acceleration It should be gradient/slope(gradient or slope) not divided
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
ii) Area= distance
1
iii)Area of triangle = *base*height
2
iv) Area of rectangle= length x Breadth
1
v) Area of trapezium=2(a+b)h
Final Speed2= Initial speed2 + 2 * acceleration*distance
v2= u2+2as