BUOG

w w w. b u o g . e d u . i q

PETE414 , 1st Semester

Prepared by
Najah Saeed Abdulridha
Objectives
 Identify the components of drill string
 Identify the components of BHA
 Understand different types of motors & RSS
 Understand the directional drilling terminology
 Understand the mechanism of well trajectory
 Introduction
Before discussing the tools used in directional drilling, it will be helpful to identify the basic
components of a drill string.
 The drill string consists of the pipe and other equipment that are used to actually drill the well.
We will discuss the drill bit, which is the rock cutting tool and is connected to the bottom of the drillstring.
The portion of the drill string between the drill bit and drill pipe is known as the bottom hole assembly (BHA). The
BHA is made up of:
• Drill collars, which make up the major part of the BHA.
• Stabilizers, which are placed strategically in the bottom hole assembly.
 The BHA is commonly 300 – 500 feet long, the rest of the drill string will be made up of drill pipe.
 Drill pipe, which makes up about 95% of the length of the drillstring.
 For directional drilling, additional tools are installed in the bottom hole assembly.
• These tools include the navigation sub, the mud motor, and measurement while drilling tools.
 In slimhole drilling operations, coiled tubing may be used instead of drill pipe.
Drill string
Drill string is defined as the drill pipe, with attached tool
joints, that is used to transmit the fluid and rotational
power from Kelly to the drill collars and bit

The Drill string primarily consists of Kelly, Drill pipe and the
bottom-hole assembly (BHA). The Drill pipe section contains
conventional Drill pipes, heavy weight Drill pipes.
 The BHA contains the following items
 heavy weight Drill pipes
 Jars
 Reamers
 Drill Collar
 Stabilizers
 Bit sub
 Bit
Difference between TDS and Kelly Drive system
https://youtu.be/Tmdb1h-vyUA
https://youtu.be/FgFQAZmOSR8

Top Drive Vs. Kelly

Drill Bits
A well is drilled by the destruction and removal of rock from the bottom of the hole by two mechanisms
 Shearing
 Compression
Drill Bits Drill Bits-Arabic Explanation
 Roller Cone bits https://youtu.be/CXBYgNiYQPU
– Designed to cut brittle formations
– Utilize “compressive” power (WOB) to break the rock
 PDC Bits
– Polycrystalline Diamond Compact
– Designed to cut plastic formations
– Utilize “torsional” power to break the rock
Drill Bits – Four Primary Types

Milled Tooth Insert Bit PDC Natural Diamond

How the Drill Bit Works (Arabic Explanation )

https://youtu.be/1M80acTrkIk https://youtu.be/K0w5x1PdSds https://youtu.be/Qb-_tjn9eXU
Stabilizers and Subs
Stabilizer
 A sub with multiple straight or curved blades
 Used to center BHA inside the borehole

BHA Stabilizers https://youtu.be/dhlyP-Y9GM8

 Stabilizers and Subs
Bit Sub
• Used to connect the bit to the Drill Collar when there is no motor or RSS being used
• Houses the float valve in its bore
• Houses the “Totco ring” used for landing directional survey tools

Single Shot Survey https://youtu.be/3PZ23TAzj6A

Stabilizers and Subs
Subs: various types & functions, examples:

 Crossover
– Short component used to connect BHA components with different thread types

 Float
-Sub that contains a float valve which prevents fluid and debris from traveling
back up the drill string Can act as a float and a crossover sub

BHA Crossover Subs https://youtu.be/HTP_BJKa4Y8

Drill Pipe Float Valve https://youtu.be/UwGHJac61BE
Float Sub with Float Valve
 Drill Collars
The Drill Collar is a thick-walled tube most commonly used
to provide weight in the BHA.
 Drill collars may be made of: steel (which can become
magnetized)or non-magnetic steel
 Flat-walled or spiral
– MWD
– NMDC

1.DC General Description

https://youtu.be/cXw6CNOeaEU
2.DC Tapered Strings
https://youtu.be/pY7uwsPzstc
3.DC Special Features
https://youtu.be/tnFgns3pM8Y
4.DC Connection
https://youtu.be/kVhE0oqJvkM
Function Of Drill Collars
 It provides weight to the bit for drilling.
 It keeps the drill pipe in tension.
 It maintains weight to keep the drill
 string from being subjected to buckling.
 It helps provide the pendulum effect.
 It stabilizes the bit.
 Spiral drill collars are used to reduce
differential pressure sticking in the hole.
Non-Mag Drill Collar
Used for housing the MWD tool and for isolating the D&I package from magnetic interference

Pony Non-Mag Drill Collar

Heavy Weight Drill Pipe
A Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP) looks like a normal drill pipe except for an
upset centered along the tube , Its wall thickness is up to 3 times that of a
similar-sized normal drill pipe to add additional weight to the bit.

https://youtu.be/4gEDgLyB
 Heavy Weight Drill Pipe
 Used in transition zones between DC and DP
 This prevents the DP from buckling
 Can be used in compression ? [ Explain]
 Improves directional control by reducing torque and drag
 Used in place of DC sometimes
 Not to be used for Weight on Bit in vertical wells
 Reduce the risk of differential sticking
 Acts as an active weight on bit member
 Reduces the risk of drill pipe fatigue failure
 Jar placement
 Hydraulic improvement
 HWDP run in Compression?
 HWDP can be run both in tension and in compression ?
BUT:
 They should not be buckled
 Manufacturers recommend not to run HWDP in compression in hole sizes larger
than 12 ¼”

 Experience shows that they should not be run in compression in vertical holes

 If run in compression, rules of thumb are:

 TJOD + 6” > OH diameter

 2 x TJOD > OH diameter
 Drilling Jars
Tubular accessory conveniently positioned in the BHA
capable to develop tremendous longitudinal impact
forces that are transmitted below it to free the drilling
string stuck in the hole

The magnitude of the impact (intensity) and its duration (impulse) can be set at the shop or increased during the jarring operation
 There are three basic types of drilling jars according to the way the stored energy is liberated for jarring:
 Mechanical Jar
 Hydraulic Jar
 Hydro- Mechanical Jar
https://youtu.be/jejMTlYfTOc

Guidelines for Position and Operation :

• Need to know or predict the actual sticking place and mechanism to get effective jarring
• Never run the jar inside the neutral region of drill string
• It is preferable / desirable to run the Jar in tension
• Never run a flexible component near the jar
• Do not use the jar as a thread Cross – Over
• Hydraulic Jars can fire accidentally while handling on the rig floor or when run in compression
Drilling Jars
How Drilling Jars work?

https://youtu.be/B2IidJPIL6w
 Downhole Motors
Steerable, Positive Displacement Motors (SPDM) (PDM)
 Available in sizes from 1 7/16” to 11 ¼” [SLB]
 Used in rotary and sliding Mode

https://youtu.be/XLH-7ucYUzc
Rotary Steerable Systems (PowerDrive-SLB Co.)
• Mainly used for performance drilling
• Used in rotary BHA’s only [Rotary Mode]
Hole Quality
Motor Vs. RSS
UBHO - Universal Bent Housing Orienting
UBHO: Used for orienting the MWD with the motor bend or motor high-side
Muleshoe: non-mag drill collar used on the bottom of orienting tools to position the tool
• Connecting sub positioned in the BHA below the Non Magnetic Drill Collars used as seating nipple for Directional Surveying tools
(SS, EMS, MWD, etc.).
• The sub has an internal rotating sleeve that is positioned with a guide key oriented toward the scrubbed line on the “tool face”
direction
• The sleeve is retained in place by grub screws tightened from outside of the sub
• The internal sleeve has a keyway that allows the survey instruments to seat aligned in the direction of the “tool face

1.Seating Muleshoe and Retrievable MWD Tool Part 1

https://youtu.be/UaNLHSiffTA
2. Seating Muleshoe and Retrievable MWD Tool Part 2
https://youtu.be/UsNJbD0FN_c
3. Seating Muleshoe and Retrievable MWD Tool Part 3
https://youtu.be/1Rl1vzUHj34
4. Seating MuleShoe and Retrievable MWD Tool Part 4
https://youtu.be/R8j5JFbVJiU
 Orienting Sub

Keyway oriented Internal Sleeve

toward the Tool Face
 Other Common BHA Components
Circulating sub - PBL Sub
 Used to create a path for circulation when the BHA is stuck in the hole
 Circulation Sub : https://youtu.be/pNh8uUa4E7M
 Drill Pipes
– Arabic Explanation : https://youtu.be/b8L6MJOvVsM
– Principal Component https://youtu.be/DoiG-Oz_fik
– Drill Pipe Dimensions & Strengths : https://youtu.be/c0uqes3_hB8
– Drill Pipe Upsets : https://youtu.be/HgwwtQW4W8M
– Drill Pipe Tool Joints : https://youtu.be/ZA9ywAw55FE
 HWDP – Heavy Weight Drill Pipe: https://youtu.be/4gEDgLyB
 MWD Tools & LWD Tools
 MWD and LWD : https://youtu.be/-vCElWxJ02s
Circulating Subs
 What is an MWD Tool : https://youtu.be/UOzijkWozvc
Single & Dual Ball
 BHA Reamers : https://youtu.be/HzZNHAjT7Ss Check Valve

 Shock Subs :BHA Vibration Dampeners : https://youtu.be/u1B0ZHunME0

 Agitators: Drilling Agitator From NOV Co. : https://youtu.be/Xe3AvcLVK8
 Other Common BHA Components
 Drill Pipes
– Arabic Explanation : https://youtu.be/b8L6MJOvVsM
– Principal Component https://youtu.be/DoiG-Oz_fik
– Drill Pipe Dimensions & Strengths : https://youtu.be/c0uqes3_hB8
– Drill Pipe Upsets : https://youtu.be/HgwwtQW4W8M
– Drill Pipe Tool Joints : https://youtu.be/ZA9ywAw55FE
 HWDP – Heavy Weight Drill Pipe: https://youtu.be/4gEDgLyB
 MWD Tools & LWD Tools
 MWD and LWD : https://youtu.be/-vCElWxJ02s
 What is an MWD Tool : https://youtu.be/UOzijkWozvc
 BHA Reamers : https://youtu.be/HzZNHAjT7Ss
 Shock Subs :BHA Vibration Dampeners : https://youtu.be/u1B0ZHunME0
 Agitators: Drilling Agitator From NOV Co. : https://youtu.be/Xe3AvcLVK8
 Connections
A connection is required to join Drill String components:
 Simple & Reliable
 Rapid make / break
Oilfield threaded connections are TAPERED
 Tapered connections require less turns to make up than a
parallel thread form
Torque is required to join drill collars together and must be
sufficient to make the shoulders a pressure tight seal under
bending load

Note: It is quite possible that you will have various thread

connections in your BHA (ie. 4 ½ IF, 4 ½ XH, etc…)