DR.

AMIR PUTRA BIN MD SAAD

C24-322
amirputra@utm.my |
amirputra@mail.fkm.utm.my
mech.utm.my/amirputra

Chapter 8:
Design of
Mechanical Element 3:
Belt
 8.1 INTRODUCTION

➢ In power transmissions, use of belts, simplify the machine design and reduce
the cost.

➢ Is far more economical than buying a motor to run at the speed required by
the driven equipment.

➢ Due to flexibility, it can absorb a good amount of shock and vibration.

➢ It can take care of some degree of misalignment between the driven and the
driver machines and long distance power transmission (compared to gear
system).

➢ Transmit greater amount of power with higher velocity ratio.

➢ Usually made of cotton, ryon or nylon impregnated with rubber.

 8.1 INTRODUCTION

➢ A single V‐belts is less efficient than a flat belt due to the wedging action
between belt and pulley (high friction), but multiple v‐belts can be used to
transmit higher power.

➢ V‐belts are longer in life due to seamless design (no joint).

➢ V‐belts are used for short centre distance, i.e. compactness.

➢ V‐belts are manufactured in standard lengths.

➢ The groove angle of a sheave is made somewhat smaller than the belt‐section
angle. This causes the belt to wedge itself into the groove,
thus increasing friction.

➢ Not suitable for constant speed applications due to creep.

 8.1 INTRODUCTION

V-Belt
Vp

tight

N1 N2

T1
slack
T2

Driver
or Driven
Input or
Output
8.2 V-BELT CONTRUCTION
 8.2 V-BELT CONTRUCTION

Refer to Mitsuboshi’s Catalogue (Table 1-2 to Table 1-6) for Belt Code,
Outer Length, La and Datum Length, Ld.
 8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT

1. Set Conditions Required in Design Work:

a. Type of machine
b. Transmission Power
c. Running hours in a single day
d. Small pulley speed
e. Interim center distance
f. Special uses and environmental conditions
g. Speed Ratio

𝑛motor 𝐷 𝐷 = Pulley diameter

𝑆𝑅 = = ≥ 1 𝑑 = Sheave diameter
𝑛machine 𝑑
𝑛motor = Motor speed (rpm)
𝑛machine = Machine speed (rpm)
 8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT

2. Set the Design Power:

𝐾𝑜 = Service Correction Factor

𝐾𝑖 = Idler Correction Factor
𝐾𝑒 = Environment Correction Factor
𝐾𝑠 = Service Factor

𝐾𝑠 = 𝐾𝑜 + 𝐾𝑖 + 𝐾𝑒

𝐻𝑡 = Transmission Power
𝐻𝑑 = Design Power

𝐻𝑑 = 𝐻𝑡 × 𝐾𝑠
8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT
8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT
 8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT

3. Select the belt type:

 8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT

4. Select the pulley size:

8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT
 8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT

5. Determine the belt length:

i. Datum Length (Belt Length) , 𝐿𝑑 :

𝜋(𝐷 + 𝑑 ሻ 𝐷−𝑑 2
𝐿𝑑 = 2𝐶 + +
2 4𝐶

ii. Center-to-Center Length, 𝐶:

𝑏 + 𝑏2 − 8 𝐷 − 𝑑 2
𝐶=
8

where,
𝑏 = 2𝐿𝑑 − 𝜋(𝐷 + 𝑑ሻ
 8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT

6. Determine the required number of belts:

𝐻𝑑
𝑁𝑏 =
𝐻𝑐
where, 𝐻𝑐 = Corrected power rating per belt
𝐻𝑠 = Basic power rating per belt
𝐻𝑐 = 𝐻𝑠 + 𝐻𝑎 𝐾𝑐 𝐻𝑠 = Additional power rating per belt
𝐾𝑐 = Power rating correction factor
𝐾𝑐 = 𝐾𝜃 𝐾𝑙 𝐾𝜃 = Arc of contact correction factor
𝐾𝑙 = Belt length correction factor
𝐷−𝑑
𝐾𝜃 =
𝐶
8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT
8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT
8.3 DESIGN PROCESS FOR
CLASSICAL V-BELT
 8.4 V-BELT LOADS

1. Angle of wrap for small pulley:

𝐷−𝑑
𝜃𝑑 = 𝜋 − 2 sin−1 (* change Mode D to Mode R)
2𝐶
2. Angle of wrap for large pulley:
𝐷−𝑑
𝜃𝐷 = 𝜋 + 2 sin−1 (* change Mode D to Mode R)
2𝐶
 8.4 V-BELT LOADS

3. Tension due to Centrifugal Force, 𝑃𝑐 : *This formula for one belt only

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡/𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 2
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑊. 𝑉 2 = .𝑉 lb
𝑔 1 ft = 12 in
𝑔 = gravity acceleration (9.81 m/s2, 32.17 ft/s2) 1 m = 3.28084 ft

𝑊 = mass per unit length of belt (i.e. kg/m or lb/in)

 8.4 V-BELT LOAD

4. Tension on the tight side, 𝑃𝑡 : *This formula for 𝑜𝑛𝑒 belt only

33000 𝐻𝑑
𝑃𝑡 = ∙ + 𝑊. 𝑉 2 ∙ 5.8 × 10−6 lb
𝑛𝑏 𝑉

5. Tension on the slack side, 𝑃𝑠 : *This formula for 𝑜𝑛𝑒 belt only 𝛽 = 𝐽𝑢𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙 ′ 𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘

𝑃𝑡 − 𝑃𝑐 𝑓𝜃𝑑
From: =𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
𝑃𝑠 − 𝑃𝑐
𝛼
𝛽= = Half of belt wedge angle
2 𝛼 = 𝑀𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑖′𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢𝑒
𝜃𝑑 = Belt wrap angle on the small pulley
8.4 V-BELT LOADS
 8.4 V-BELT LOADS

6. Torque transfer: *This formula can be for one belt only or more than one belt.

𝑇 = 𝑃𝑡 − 𝑃𝑠 𝑟

𝑟 = driving pulley radius

𝑃𝑡 = Tight side force
𝑃𝑠 = Slack side force
 Step 1: Set conditions required in
design work.
• a. Type of machine ··· Compressor
• b. Transmission power ··· Four pole motor 5
HP/1750rpm
• c. Running hours in a single day ··· 8 hours / day
• d. Small pulley speed ··· 1750rpm
• e. Speed ratio ··· 2 : 1 (Deceleration)
• f. Interim center distance ··· 12"
• g. Special uses and environmental conditions ··· None
Step 2 : Set the design power.
Step 3: Select the belt type.
Step 4: Select Pulley Size
Step 5: Determine the Belt Length
Step 6: Determine the required
number of belts.
Step 7: Installation and take-up
allowance.