MANUFACTURING OF

DIPHENY CARBONATE
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[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
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Polymerization:

Any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to

produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. The monomer molecules

may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds. Usually at least

100 monomer molecules must be combined to make a product that has certain unique physical

properties—such as elasticity, high tensile strength, or the ability to form fibres—

that differentiate polymers from substances composed of smaller and simpler molecules; often,

many thousands of monomer units are incorporated in a single molecule of a polymer. The

formation of stable covalent chemical bonds between the monomers sets polymerization apart

from other processes, such as crystallization, in which large numbers of

molecules aggregate under the influence of weak intermolecular forces.

Classes of Polymerization:

Two classes of polymerization usually are distinguished.

Condensation polymerization

In condensation polymerization, each step of the process is accompanied by the formation of a

molecule of some simple compound, often water.

Addition polymerization

In addition polymerization, monomers react to form a polymer without the formation of by-

products. Addition polymerizations usually are carried out in the presence of catalysts, which in

certain cases exert control over structural details that have important effects on the properties of

the polymer.
Reversible or Irreversible Reaction?

Mostly polymerization reactions are irreversible reactions because in it monomers get attached

and form larger molecules called polymers and it is very difficult or rare that polymer break

down and re form monomers except special conditions.

Conditions to maintain

There is no difficulty to maintain the conditions of polymerization reactions, but in addition to

polymerization reactions, we have to terminate the reaction by adding some chemical or by an

external condition that makes the reaction stop.

Process Summary:

A process for the continuous production of a thermo plastic aromatic polycarbonate is disclosed.

Accord ingly, in a reactor system which includes a tube reactor and a tank equipped with a
stirrer, there are reacted a preheated dialkali diphenolate aqueous solution with gaseous phosgene

in CH2Cl2 and/or in chlorobenzene solution containing excess phosgene, in a mixer to form a

mixed emulsion. The emulsion is then transported at least partly against the force of gravity into

the tube reactor to facilitate a polycondensation reaction and in which after a residence time of at

least 10 seconds and without dissipation of the heat of reaction there is added a chain terminator.

The heat of reaction is dissipated in said tank and aqueous sodium hydroxide and catalyst are

added to complete the reaction. The process according to the invention leads to high conversion

phos gene to polycarbonate.

Our Process type:

In our process addition polymerization is done.

Reversible/Irreversible:

Our process is irreversible reaction

Conditions of our reaction:

In our process unit 4 where reaction is done, there is no any severe condition to maintain, first we

have to raise the temperature up to 90C that makes the reaction to proceed afterwards to

terminate the reaction we have to decrease temperature to 30C and hence the reaction stopped

and we get the required product called diphenyl carbonate.

Application:

Summary. Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is a carbonate ester of formula (C6H5O)2CO, which is mostly

used as a critical comonomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate resin, an engineering thermoplastic

with high impact resistance and excellent optical properties.

Chemistry behind the carbonate:

Polycarbonate is one of the most widely used engineering plastics because of its superior physical,

chemical, and mechanical properties. ... The carbonate bond in aliphatic polycarbonates is facile and

hence this polymer is easily biodegradable.

Reaction:

Na2BPA + Phosgene  Diphenyl carbonate