COMPUTER SYSTEM

Measurement Units of Digital

Ing. Miguel Angel Ramos Arias
Information Storage
COMPUTER SYSTEM

computer. / (kəm-ˈpyü-tər ‘si-stəm) / noun. A

device, usually electronic, that processes
data according to a set of instructions. The
digital computer stores data in discrete units
and performs arithmetical and logical
operations at very high speed.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
ELEMENTS
COMPUTER SYSTEM
ELEMENTS

Physical part which processes Logic part. It gives “work” to Human part. It is each of us.
and interprets data. hardware and coordinates it.
 HARDWARE
Hardware. /ˈhärdˌwer/ refers to the
computer's tangible components or
delivery systems that store and run the
written instructions provided by the
software.
 SOFTWARE
Software /ˈsôf(t)wer/ is the
intangible part of the device
that lets the user interact
with the hardware and
command it to perform
specific tasks.
HUMANWARE

Humanware. /’hyumən- wer/ people

involved in the process of designing and
using
computers, from users, programmers,
hardware designers as well
such as maintenance and repair
technicians.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
ELEMENTS IN DETAIL
HARDWARE

The hardware fulfills the

function of being the
structure that shapes the
computer. this us
it provides the means to
physically interact with it.
INTERNAL HARDWARE
MOTHERBOARD

It is the most important

component of a computer.
It works as a platform to
integrate and connect
all its other elements
It is also known as base
plate, center plate, or
mainboard.
 MICROPROCESSOR
It is the brain of the computer. It is physically
a type of integrated circuit made up of
millions of Miniaturized electronic
components.
It is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), and it
is the responsible for executing the
programs, from the operational system to
user applications.
Two of its main components are the Control
Unit, whose function is to search for the
instructions in RAM memory, interpret them
and execute them, and the Arithmetic-Logic
Unit that calculates arithmetic operations
(addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division) as well as logical operations (if, and,
or, not) between two numbers.
RAM MEMORY

Its initials mean Random Access

Memory.
This is where the machine stores
the data and programs which are
being used at the moment.
Storage is considered temporary
because its content remains on it
while the computer is turned on
or is not restarted.
ROM MEMORY

Its initials mean Read Only Memory.

Contains the BIOS (Basic Input Output
System), which is a program that when
turning on the machine performs a
inventory of the hardware connected
to it and makes a diagnostic called
POST (Power On Self Test) to check
that the equipment works correctly,
that the date and time settings are
correct, and all of this, before loading
the operating system.
If an error is detected, the machine
issues a code in the form of beeps.
BATTERY

It is a small lithium battery,

usually with 3-volt capacity,
which accumulates energy
while the machine is turned
on, and then you use it to
keep the ROM active when
we turn off the equipment.
DATA BUS

They are the

communication channels
that oversee data transport
between the components
of the computer.
EXTERNAL HARDWARE
In a classic desktop computer, we can see the tower, the
monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse. In other models the
monitor also integrates in it the components that go inside the
tower.
Different types of tower are illustrated in the images (also
called housing or chassis) that serves to protect the internal
components of a computer.
There is a deep-rooted belief to call this part CPU, however, as
we saw previously the CPU of a machine is the microprocessor.
 Peripheral
Hardware

Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices

Monitor
Keyboard Hard Drive

Mouse Printer Floppy disk

Scanner Speakers CD-ROM

PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Optical Pencil Headphones DVD
They are elements that are connected to the computer
in order to expand its capabilities.
Microphone Earphones USB Flash drive

Optic reader Fax

Digital camera

Joystick

Touch Screen
HARDWARE BRANCHES
Finally, according to its importance for the operation of the machine, the
hardware can be considered in two branches:
The basic hardware, which must be present in the computer to provide
its services.
Examples: Motherboard, microprocessor, RAM and ROM memory,
monitor. It is noted that the keyboard and the mouse have gradually
ceased to belong to this branch due to the rise of touch devices.
The complementary hardware, which are extra elements that make the
computer optimize its functions but are not vital.
Examples: Microphone, speakers, webcam, printer, scanner.
Measurement Units of
Digital Information Storage.
LET’S WATCH THE FOLLOWING VIDEO
 BINARY CODE
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII),
uses a 7-bit binary code to represent text and other characters within
computers, communications equipment, and other devices. Each letter
or symbol is assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example,
uppercase “M" is represented by 01001101 as a bit string (which is “77"
in decimal).

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

64 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 77 in decimal which represents “M” character.

Now, write your name by using
the Binary System

Character Binary Representation

M 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
i 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
g 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
u 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
e 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
l 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Now, let’s solve some
problems…
1. How many bytes does a document that weighs
69KB of storage occupy?
2. How many bits are 68 bytes?
3. How many bytes are 512 bits?
4. How many MB are 3GB?
5. How many GB are 4096MB?
Now, let’s solve more
problems…
1. I have a 4,812.8 MB DVD. How many GB are in this DVD?

2. How many 700 MB CDs do I need to storage 4.7GB

3. How many bytes are there in a 8GB USB Flash drive?

SOFTWARE
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
It is responsable for controlling and managing the hardware components
of a computing system, both external and internal, also providing an
environment (interface) friendly for users to run other software
applications.
System Software Examples Function
The firmware of the computer, which provides the basic
Firmware functionality to operate and control the hardware attached to
or built into de computer.
The operating system (for example. Microsoft Windows, OS X,
Operating System and Ubuntu) is the program that takes control of the machine
and manages its processes and resources.
Utilities, which help analyze, configure, optimize, and mantain
your computer working correctly. Some are already integrated
Utilities with the operating system, for example disk defragmenter.
Others can be downloaded and installed form reliable sites on
the Internet, such is the case of CCleaner or Avast Antivirus
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

These are all the programs that are used by users to perform specific tasks,
such as wirite a document, edit a picture or a video, communicate online, or
create 3D models.
PROGRAMMING
SOFTWARE
It can be defined as
“Programs to créate other
programs”. It means, it is the
software used to créate new
types of operating systems,
applications, web pages, as
well as other programming
languages. For example:
Visual C#, Visual Basic, Java,
Python, and Cobol.
SOFTWARE
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO ITS LICENSE
AND FORM OF DISTRIBUTION
OWNER

Is that one whose copy, redistribution

or modification is prohibited by its
owner.
There are two types:
• OEM type: It is a type of license that
conditions the software’s sale to be
a part of a new team.
• RETAIL type: The program is fully
owned by the user. This allows the
user to freely assign it to third
parties. Example: Windows, Office,
Norton Antivirus.
FREEWARE

Free type license without

limits in time or in the use of
the program. Modification is
not allowed because it does
not prvide the code to do
so.
Examples: Windows Media
Player, Internet Explorer,
NotePad, Opera Browser.
SHAREWARE or The programmer creates software and
uploads it to the network through any
media so that the producto can be
TRIAL evaluated for free, usually for a limited time
and sometimes with limited options too.
Examples: Flash player, Adobe Reader,
Adobe Shockwave, Java.
EVALUATION
and DEMO
It is similar to shareware,
but generally the using time
and functions that this one
has, are extremely limited.
Examples: Symantec,
McAfee, Computer
Associates and Trend
Micro.
ADWARE

Similar to the shareware license, with the

difference that when it is downloaded, it shows
advertising