BSB Pwi

RESTRICTED 1
CHAPTER I
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BRIDGE
SECTION 1 – GENERAL
1. The Bailey Suspension Bridge is designed primarily for mountainous terrain

with deep ravines, where there is a requirement to construct bridges in excess of 200
ft and Hybrid Bridge cannot be constructed.
2. It can be constructed both over dry and wet gaps, however construction over
wet gap will normally be limited to sites where the nature of river obstacle or its
approaches renders the construction of a floating bridge impracticable or to replace a
floating bridge at a later stage in the advance with consequent reduction in
maintenance work.
3. The BSB provides a 400 ft clear span for unrestricted Class 12 traffic, i.e., up
to five vehicles on the bridge simultaneously, not closer than 80 ft nose to fail; (See
Plate I). In addition, Class 18 loads can also be carried singly on this span, i.e., only
one vehicle at a time on the bridge.
4. To construct BSB, Standard Bailey bridge equipment is used and an

additional supplement of special parts and tools is required. In addition, certain
standard common use items normally found in adequate quantity in theatres of war
are required.
5. To construct a BSB, following parts are required.
(a) BSB No 2 Conversion Set (D 7011). These are special BSB parts
together with a certain quantity of Normal BB parts.
(b) Bailey Bridge set (D 5000). Two sets are required to complete a
400 ft Bridge (including spares).
(c) Erection Set (D 5001). One set is required for construction of a

BSB.
6. Shorter spans can be constructed at span lengths of 400 ft, 380 ft, 360 ft, 320
ft, 300 ft, 280 ft, 260 ft, 240 ft, 220 ft and 200 ft with the same set of special parts.
The load carrying capacity of each span is given in Table 1.
7. Complete Schedule of equipment required for each span of the bridge is given
in Table 2.
8. Recent trials have shown that the single load capacity of the bridge can be
increased to load class 30 or load class 40 (tracked vehicles only), by the addition of
RESTRICTED 1
2 RESTRICTED
supplementary panel cords (Chord Reinforcements). These special parts weigh only
17 tons and these parts are supplied with BSB No 2 Conversion Set.
9. The 400 ft Bridge can be built under moderate conditions by one field
company in a week. The time for construction excludes time required for distribution
of stores and bulk earth works. This time given is for construction of bridge by troops
trained to construct normal Bailey bridge, and a minimum of one officer and two
NCOs with previous experience of BSB erection.
SECTION 2 – PARTS
10. The bridge can be broadly divided into 5 parts. Each part has been described
in detail in succeeding chapters. Brief description of each part is given below.
Anchorages.
11. Anchorages are required to secure main cables and transfer load to grounds.
BSB set caters for construction of anchorages from Bailey equipment itself with
certain additional parts. The subject of anchorages is explained in Chapter III.
Towers.
12. The tower (see Plates V and VI) has rocker bearings at the base and is of 50,
40 or 30 ft nominal height, depending on the span. The height of tower for a
particular span has been given in Table I.
13. Each leg consists of Bailey panels in double single construction. Bracing on
end is done with special bracing frames and special parts are used for bracing at top
and bottom.
14. The individual legs on either side are connected by portal cross girders
constructed out of Bailey panels.
15. On completion of construction, there is no relative movement between cables

and tower saddles.
16. During erection the tower is supported by a “false base” of additional panels
resting on temporary packing.
Cables.
17. Twelve cables (SWR), six on each side of the bridge are used for
construction of the bridge. The circumference of the cables is 2⅝” (2.625”).
18. The six cables in each group are arranged in a horizontal layer.
19. They are individually connected to the anchorages, via adjusting screws by
means of special quick acting grabs.
2 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 3
20. Cutting of the cables is thus avoided and if error is made it can be corrected in
situ by adjustment of screws. Sockets, together with the necessary capping metal
are also provided so that, if desired, a permanent and neater attachment can be
made.
21. All cables bear marks for positioning the suspender clamps as well as saddle
position.
22. Two cables curves, “A” and “B” are used. The cable curves being used are
dependent on span and height of tower being used.
23. The “A” curve is used for span from 400 ft to 300 ft (see Plate II). For spans
below 300 ft, the “B” curve is used (see Plate III).
24. The same suspender positions are used for both curves. In the case of the “B”
curve, this results in the suspenders being inclined to the vertical inside elevation by
increasing amount up to ½ degree.
25. The suspenders for “B” curve are made up on site from available parts.
Suspenders.
26. For “A” Cable Curve, there are 20 suspenders on each stiffening girder,
symmetrically arranged and numbered 1 to 10 counting from mid span to each end
of the bridge.
27. Nos 1 to 4 are of fixed length and Nos 5 to 10 are of adjustable length.
28. For “B” Cable curve, there are 14 suspenders on each side symmetrically
arranged as before and numbered A to G.
29. These entire suspenders of “B” curve are adjustable.
Span.
30. The main span is single- single construction of BB without foot walks.
31. The trusses of the span act as “stiffening girders”.
32. Both ends rest on special sliding bearing which permit longitudinal movement
but provide lateral constraint and prevent uplift of span.
33. Special suspender connectors are bolted to the top chord.
34. The suspenders maintain the bridge straight throughout length under full dead
load (i.e., bridge completed, no traffic on the bridge.).
35. Thus, in this condition, the stiffening girders are unstressed and the span has
no sag.
RESTRICTED 3
4 RESTRICTED
SECTION 3 – TYPE OF BRIDGES
36. Bridges are classified as under: -
(a) Standard.
(b) Intermediate standard.
(c) Non – standard.
(d) Sloping.
37. By using one or other of these types, any span 200 to 400 ft in 20 ft intervals
can be built.
38. Tower base level can be varied within limits, to suit existing ground levels and
bridges can be built on slopes up to a maximum of 1 in 20 of the distance between
the towers. This arrangement avoids heavy excavation in cases where one side of
the gap is higher than the other.
39. The description of the four types is given below: -
(a) Standard Bridge.
(i) These are six in number, ie, 400, 360, 320, 280, 240 and 200 ft
span.
(ii) “Standard Bridges” are those which are level from end to end,
and have their towers in the standard position, ie, 10 ft back from ends
of span.
(iii) All leading dimensions and particulars of standard bridges are

given in Table I and Plates II and III.
(b) Intermediate Standard Bridges.
(i) These are five in number, ie, 380, 340, 300, 260 and 200 ft
span.
(ii) Each is similar to the next longer standard bridge in all respects
except that one bay is omitted at each end of the span.
(iii) The tower is not moved while constructing intermediate span

bridges.
(c) Non-Standard Bridges.
4 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 5
(i) These are those bridges which have standard or intermediate

standard arrangement of span, and of cables between saddle and
suspenders.
(ii) However, these have their towers in non – standard position at

one or both ends, in order to raise or lower the tower base levels to suit
the existing ground (see Appendix A, Part III).
(d) Sloping Bridges.
(i) Bridges may be built on slopes up to 1 in 20 of distance between

two towers in order to avoid heavy excavation at one end, provided that
only the standard arrangement of tower is used.
(ii) It is not possible, in the case of sloping span to predict the

positions and levels of the span foundations with sufficient accuracy to
permit them to be set out and built beforehand.
(iii) The span must be launched and completed so that it is hanging

freely from the cable.
(iv) The foundations are then set out from actual positions and
levels of the end bays.
RESTRICTED 5
6 RESTRICTED
CHAPTER II
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE OF EACH PART
1. This Chapter deals only with the BSB special parts. They are described under
the headings of Anchorages, Tower, Cables and Suspenders and span. Dimensions
are excluded from the text but have been mentioned in the corresponding plates.
The weights may be found to vary slightly from the figures given, but they are
sufficiently accurate for field purposes.
SECTION 4 – ANCHORAGES PARTS

(Plate VIII)
2. The use of the two types of rock anchorages is described in Chapter IV.
3. Anchorages Connector.
(a) It is a link with one male and one female end.
(b) The male end is designed to fit the female jaw of the panel.
(c) The female end connects to the screwed adjuster (see Section 6, para
3) and accepts the BSB pin, 1¼” in diameter (see Section 6, para 4).
(d) These connectors are employed on buried panel anchorages only.
(e) A total of 24 anchorages connector are used in a bridge, and two spare
anchorage connectors are provided in the standard set.
(f) Weight of each Anchorage Connector is 24 lbs.
4. Rock Anchorage, BSB Holdfast type.
(a) It consists of two identical holdfast bodies and a link plate.
(b) Two female connector links (see Section 6, para 5) are used to connect
the link plates to the body and a further one to connect the screwed adjuster
to the link.
(c) The body carries male lugs at one end and at the center, and a female
jaw at the other end.
(d) BSB pins are used for the connections.
(e) Four holes are drilled at an angle through the body for ordnance
Pattern Holdfast Spikes or Bridging Spikes.
6 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 7
(f) A total of 24 Holdfasts are used for entire bridge and two spares are
provided in the standard set.
(g) It weighs (excluding female connectors link) 194 lbs (Body 79 lbs, link
plate 36 lbs).
5. Rock Anchorages Rag bolt type.
(a) This is 1½” square bar, 4’6” in length.
(b) One end has a male eye to receive a female connector link.
(c) The other end is broadened out and ragged, and will go in to a 3”
diameter hole.
(d) A total of 24 rag bolts are used in bridge and two spares are provided
in the set.
(e) It weighs 41 lbs.
SECTION 5 – TOWER PARTS

(Plates VI AND VII)
6. Tower Base Bottom Bearing.
(a) It is a welded assembly of plates carrying a 4” diameter bearing pin.
(b) One bottom bearing is used under each tower leg and thus a total of
four bottom bearings are required for the bridge. It weighs 250 lbs.
7. Tower Base Top Bearing.
(a) It is an assembly of two 10” x 41/2” RSJs connected by stiffening plates.
(b) On the underside of this assembly is a half bearing which fits over the
pin of the bottom bearing.
(c) On the top of this assembly are 8 bolt holes for connecting to the tower
base.
(d) One top bearing is used with each bottom bearing and thus a total of
four top bearings are required for the bridge.
(e) It weighs 283 lbs.
RESTRICTED 7
8 RESTRICTED
8. Tower Base.
(a) It is constructed by Two 16” x 6” RSJs bolted together by two

diaphragm plates and three top plates.
(b) The tower base can thus be dismantled, if required, to facilitate ease of
handling.
(c) The outer top tie plates carry welded female jaws to receive the male
ends of the tower panels and also the male ends of the false bay panels
adjacent to the tower leg.
(d) The bottom flanges of the RSJs are drilled with holes to correspond
with those in top of the top bearing.
(e) Bolts of ¾” diameter with beveled washers are used to fasten the two
flanges together.
(f) In the webs of both RSJs are two sets of four holes for 1¼” diameter
bolts for fixing the portal raker bottom attachment. Thus, it is immaterial which
way round the tower base is erected.
(g) One tower base is used under each tower leg and a total of four tower
base are provided in the set.
(h) The complete assembly weighs 1080 lbs. Each RSJ weighs 380 lbs.
9. Heavy Bracing Frame.
(a) It is a welded assembly of stronger design than the normal BB bracing

frame.
(b) It has four hollow conical dowels similar to the standard frame and at
the same centers.
(c) It is used on the sides of the tower legs to connect individual panels
together and its attached to the bracing holes in the panel chords by standard
bracing bolts.
(d) Standard bracing frame must on no account be used for this purpose
as they are not strong enough to withstand stresses in tower.
(e) Six frames are used on each leg of a 50 ft tower and two spares are
provided in the set.
(f) It weighs 108 lbs.
8 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 9
10. Spacer Chord Bolt.
(a) It is a ¾” diameter threaded rod carrying a tubular spacer, two nuts with
special shouldered washers welded to them, and one standard nut.
(b) The purpose of these bolts is to secure the false base panels to the
tower leg leaving a 3” space between the panel chord to clear the heavy
bracing frame which are already bolted to the tower panels.
(c) The spacer chord bolt on the inner panel of the tower leg also pick up
the portal raker center attachment (in this case the tubular space is not used,
the end of the center attachment being provided with spacing bars).
(d) A total of four spacer chord bolts are used in each tower leg and two
spares are provided in the set. It weighs 4 lbs.
11. Portal Raker Attachment Bottom.
(a) It is a welded bracket designed to connect to the male end of the lower
panel of the portal raker.
(b) Four holes for 1¼” diameter bolts are provided for fastening the
attachment to the tower base.
(c) In erection these brackets are first pinned to the portal raker while the
latter is still on the ground.
(d) The bolted connection to the tower base is made after the raker has
been lifted and connected at its top end to the portal cross girder.
(e) Two bottom attachments are used on each tower leg and One spare is
12. Portal Raker Attachment Center.
(a) It is a 4” x 2” channel member with hollow dowels at each end and

spacing bars at one end.
(b) The dowels engage with one upper chord bolt hole of the bottom tower
leg panels and raker panels, the end with the spacing bars being on one
tower leg.
(c) This end is fastened to the spacer chord bolts (see para 4 above).
(d) The other end is fixed to the raker panel with a ¾” diameter bolt 6½”
long, the nut of which has a special washer, shouldered to fit the chord bolt
hole, welded on it.
RESTRICTED 9
10 RESTRICTED
(e) The center attachment must be fitted to the tower leg before erecting
the false base.
(f) Two center attachments are used on each tower leg and a total of eight
Center attachments are required for construction of bridge.
(g) It weighs 30 lbs.
13. Portal Raker Attachment Top.
(a) It is a double channel member, similar to a short length of panel chord,

with a panel pin lug and two chord bolt holes.
(b) These attachments secure the top end of the portal raker to the bottom
chord of the portal cross girder panels.
(c) They are fixed to the latter before erection, with chord bolts.
(d) One bolt engages the chord bolt hole in the panel chord, the other
passes through the chord and a chord bolt washer plate (which is part of the
top attachment, though not fixed to it).
(e) The panel pin leg is welded and it is on the skew.
(f) It is important to make sure the attachments are fastened to the portal
cross girder with their lugs splaying outwards and downwards.
(g) Four top attachments are used in each tower and one spare is
provided.
(h) It weighs 78 lbs.
14. Portal Connector Frame, Male and Female.
(a) It is a welded framework with two loose backing plates.
(b) These frames are used to connect the portal cross girders to the tower
legs.
(c) They also act as bracing frames on the latter.
(d) They carry hollow dowels which locate in the chord bolts hole of the
tower leg panels, the frames being on the outside, the backing plates on the
inside of the panel chords.
(e) Projection on the frames and backing plates combine to form male or
female connection for the end of the portal cross girder panels.
(f) It is important to ensure that the correct backing plates are selected
M/B(D)93-3 for each frame as they are not all alike.
10 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 11
(g) The bolts of ¾” diameter, 6½” length, pass through the hollow dowels
on the frames and backing plates, secure them to the chord bolt holes of the
leg panels.
(h) Two frames are used on each leg of a 50 or 40 ft tower (total 8 frames
are used for bridge), male frames on one leg, female on the other. One spare
male and one spare female is provided.
(j) It weighs 188 lbs (male) & 191 lbs (female).
15. Bracing Angle.
(a) It is a 3” x 2” angle with standard bracing bolt dowels at each end and
two pairs of mounting to receive the ends of BB bracing frames.
(b) Two of these angles bolted to two bracing frames form a bracing
assembly between the portal cross girders.
(c) A total of 20 bracing angles are used in a 50 or 40 ft tower. Thus, total

of 40 bracing angles are required for bridge construction and in addition, 2
spares are provided in the standard set.
(d) It weighs 26 lbs.
16. Light Bracing Frame.
(a) A square plate with triangular lightening holes and four hollow dowels,
two to fit the chord bolt holes and two to fit the bracing bolt holes in the panel
chords.
(b) These frames are used on the sides of tower leg panels immediately
below the 30 ft joint.
(c) Bolts of ¾” diameter and 6½” length, with special shouldered washers
welded to their nuts are used through the chord bolt holes.
(d) Standard bracing bolts are used in the other two holes.
(e) Two light bracing frames are used on each tower leg and a total of
eight light bracing frames are required for the entire bridge, while one spare is
17. Saddle Bearer.
(a) It is made up of Two 8” x 6” RSJs bolted together with two channels

diaphragms.
RESTRICTED 11
12 RESTRICTED
(b) The undersides of the RSJs carry male legs which engage the female
jaws of the top tower panels.
(c) The tower saddles rest on their top flanges, which undrilled with the
necessary holes for ¾” bolts.
(d) During erection the bearer is dismantled and the two RSJs erected
separately.
(e) One Saddle bearer is used on each tower leg and a total of four saddle
bearers are required for entire bridge.
(f) It weighs 470 lbs when completely assembled. Each RSJ weighs 220
lbs individually.
18. Saddle.
(a) It is a welded assembly with flat base and curved upper surface in
which there are eight semi-circular grooves.
(b) The main cables lie in these grooves, however, out of eight grooves,
only six grooves are used.
(c) The vacant grooves are the third ones in from each edge.
(d) The base plate has holes for bolting the saddle down to the bearer with
¾” diameter bolts.
(e) There are twelve holes in all, eight round and four slotted.
(f) Only four of the round holes are used.
(g) With this arrangement the saddle can be set to the correct splay
relative to bearer, no matter which way round it is erected.
(h) On top of the saddle are two clamps similar to the top halves of the top
suspender clamps (see Section 6, para 8).
(j) These are for locking the main cables permanently to the saddle on
completion of adjustment.
(k) Eight individual erection cleats are also provided for temporarily locking
individual cables during erection.
(l) The center line of the saddle is indicated by a scribed line across the
top surface.
(m) One saddle is used on each tower leg and a total of four saddles are
required for entire bridge. It weighs 446 lbs.
12 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 13
SECTION 6 – CABLE AND SUSPENDER PARTS

(Plates IX and X)
19. Main Cable.
(a) A 750 ft length of high grade galvanized SWR 25/8” circumference, 7/7
construction (the seventh strand forming the core around which the other 6
strands are laid).
(b) The ultimate breaking load is 31.7 tons.
(c) The cables are pre-stressed by the makers to remove inelastic stretch.
(d) All cables are supplied fully marked under the correct dead load
tension with top suspender clamp position, saddle positions for the standard
400 ft span and, in addition, three marks at each end at 40,80 and 120 ft back
from these saddle position.
(e) Mid span positions are also marked.
(f) All marks consist of a ¼” wide ring of red paint.
(g) Mid span and saddle marks are distinguished by 1” rings of blue paint
on either side of the red ring.
(h) All marks are covered with protective wrapping.
(j) The section of a cable between the saddle marks is known as the
“main span length” and the end section are known as the “backstays”.
(k) The cables are supplied wound on wooden reels 3’ diameter and 1’10”
width.
(l) 12 cables are used (6 each side of the bridge) and 2 spares are
(m) Each of these cables weigh 1,000 lbs (1.33 lb/ft run).
20. Trewhella grab.
(a) A malleable cast iron grab for attaching the main cable to the
anchorage.
(b) It is instantaneous in action, requires no double throated clamps, and

develops full strength of the cable.
(c) The cable passes through the grab and does not have to be cut to
length.
RESTRICTED 13
14 RESTRICTED
(d) A lever is provided for opening the grab to insert the cable.
(e) A SWR loop with special thimble already fixed in place is attached to
the body.
(f) This thimble is connected to the screwed adjuster at the anchorage by

means of a female connector link and BSB pin.
(g) Care must be taken to lay the cable in with the live end entering at the
correct place as indicated by the words “PULL HERE” embossed on the grab.
(h) Also, the cable must be in contact with the semicircular groove.
(j) No attempt should be made to re-open the grab once the cable in
under a tension of more than a few hundredweights.
(k) 24 Grabs are required for construction of bridge (1 for each end of
each cables) and 4 spares are provided in the standard set.
(l) It weighs 50 lbs.
21. Screwed Adjuster.
(a) It consists of two lengths of tube with internal threaded collars, screwed
on to the ends of a right and left-hand threaded rod.
(b) The rod has square nut at its center and the tubular sections are
swaged square for part of their length.
(c) The adjuster terminates in male lugs with holes for BSB pins.
(d) Internal stops prevent the tubes from parting company from the rod.
(e) Adjusters are used at each end of each main cable, in suspenders no 5
to 10 for cable curve A, and in all suspenders for cable curve B.
(f) Their mean length, center to center of pins is 6’½” and they provide
1’3” of adjustment either way from this position.
(g) 48 adjusters are used in a 400 ft bridge, 52 in a 280 ft and 56 are

provided in a standard set.
22. BSB Pin.
(a) It is a special alloy steel pin 1¼” diameter for use with anchorage
connectors, male and female connector links and so on.
14 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 15
(b) It is provided with a hole for the standard 3/16” split pin, as used with
Bailey panel pin.
(c) All BSB pins must be fitted with split pins; the total number of pins
required is as under: -
(i) For BSB rock anchorage – 192 (8 per cable end).

(or)
(ii) For Buried panel Anchorage – 72 (3 per cable end).
(iii) For suspenders in 400 ft span – 88.

(or)
(iv) For Suspenders in 260 ft span – 120.
(d) Thus, the maximum number required is 102+192=312. A total of 328

BSB pins are provided in a standard set.
(e) It weighs 1½ lbs.
23. Female Connector Link. It consists of 2 pairs of plates welded to a central

cross plate, with holes for BSB pins in both ends. It is used for following purposes: -
(a) As suspender No 1 (“A” Cable curve) and in various other positions in

suspenders.
(b) To connect Trewhella grabs to screwed adjusters at anchorages.
(c) To connect screwed adjuster to rock anchorages.
(d) To connect BSB hold fast link plate to bodies.
(e) The total number required is as follows: -
(i) For BSB rock anchorage – 96 (4 per cable end).

(or)
(ii) For Buried Panel Anchorage – 24 (1 per cable end).
(iii) For Suspenders in 400ft span – 32.

(or)
(iv) For Suspenders in 280 ft span – 52.
(f) Thus, the maximum number required is 148.
(g) A total of 178 Nos is provided in the set.
RESTRICTED 15
16 RESTRICTED
24. Male Connector Link.
(a) It is a shaped eye bar with holes at each end for BSB pins Normally,
only 4 are used, in Suspenders C of cable curve ‘B’ but they are useful for
various purpose.
(b) It is used in conjunction with female links and BSB pins, and a chain
can be made up in length multiples of 1’6”, with a safe working load equal to
that of the main cables.
(c) In a standard set, 40 male links are provided in total.
(d) It weighs 20 lbs.
25. End Socket for Main Cable.
(a) A hollow cast steel body with two lugs drilled for a 1¼” diameter pin.
(b) Special pins are provided with the sockets.
(c) They are shorter than the BSB pins.
(d) The hollow body is conical, the end of the cables being white-metaled
in to position.
(e) Socket will only be used on the main cables if it is desired to make a
neater and more permanent looking job than the Trewhella grabs.
(f) From the strength point of view there is nothing to be gained from using
sockets.
(g) Identical sockets are used on SWR suspenders No 6 to 10, but they
are already white-metaled on in the correct positions by the makers.
(h) 30 sockets are provided in total.
(j) It weighs 7 lbs.
26. Top Suspender Clamp.
(a) Two double channel units with grooved hardwood faces, bolted
together with 1” diameter bolts.
(b) The bolts are welded to the lower half, to which a U-shaped link is also
welded for attaching the suspenders.
(c) The two units are clamped to the cable group, the cables lying in the
grooves.
(d) There are 8 grooves of which only 6 are used.
(e) The vacant grooves are the third ones from each edge.
16 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 17
(f) It is important to ensure that each cable is in its correct groove.
(g) A special double handled box spanner is for tightening the bolts.
(h) There are 40 top suspender clamps in a 400 ft bridge. In a standard

set, 4 spares are provided.
(j) It weighs 85 lbs.
27. Suspenders.
(a) These parts are described for the 400 ft span (Cable Curve A) for
which they are primarily designed.
(b) Certain of these are bused in a different arrangement to from the

suspenders for cable curve B, full instruction for making up the latter are on
Plate III.
(c) For 400 ft span, suspenders are numbered 1 to 10, No 1 being the
shortest, adjacent to mid span.
(i) No 1 – Consist of a female connector link only, joining the top

clamp up to the bottom suspender connector (See Section 7, para 1). It
is not adjustable.
(ii) No 2 – Similar to a female connector link but about 6 in longer.

Figure 2 embossed on side. Like No 1 it is not adjustable. Keep
them separated from female connector links to avoid confusion.
(iii) No 3 and 4 – A square bar with female jaw at each end, drilled
to take BSB pins. Figure 3 (or 4) embossed on side. They are not
adjustable. Suspenders No 2, 3 and 4 connect directly to the top
suspender clamps and bottom suspender connectors.
(iv) No 5 – This consist of a screwed adjuster with female connector

links at top and bottom. No special part is used.
(v) No 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 – Each of these consist of (from top to

bottom), a length of SWR similar to the main cables (with sockets
white-metaled on at both ends). A screwed adjuster and a female
connector link (See Plate XII)
(d) 4 suspenders of each number are used in all. 1 spare each of Nos 2,3
and 4 is provided. Weights are as follows: -
No 2 29 lbs No 7 29lbs
No 3 32 lbs No 8 37 lbs
No 4 40lbs No 9 45 lbs
No 6 22 lbs No 10 56 lbs
RESTRICTED 17
18 RESTRICTED
SECTION 7 – SPAN PARTS

(Plate XI)
28. Bottom Suspender connectors.
(a) It is an assembly consists of a top plate connected to two bottom plates

by four 1” bolts.
(b) Carrying two tubular spacers, the top plate carries a lug for attaching
the suspender, while on its underside are two more lugs which locate on
either side of the center vertical of the panel.
(c) The whole assembly is clamped to the top chord of the panel.
(d) The bottom connectors are always located at the mid points of the
span panels.
(e) The first one, four No 1 (or A suspender is 5 ft from mid span. No 2 (or
B) is 20 ft from No 1 and all the rest are at 20 ft spacing. They are fixed before
launching.
(f) A total of 40 connectors are required for a 400 ft span and 2 spares are
29. Stringer Clamps.
(a) It is a welded or malleable cast iron assembly in three parts, connected

by two stud bolts.
(b) Its purpose is to prevent a stringer from lifting away from a transom.
(c) It may be used in localities where strong, gusty winds are prevalent for
anchoring the bridge deck down to the transom.
(d) In this case two stringer clamps are required per 10 ft bay, fitted to the
outer RSJs of the bottom stringers meet.
(e) It is also used as a holding down medium between the transoms and
stringers of the improvised stiffening girder foundation.
(f) In a standard set, 100 stringer clamps are provided.
18 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 19
30. Stiffening Girder Sliding Bearing, male and female.
(a) It consists of two main parts, a fixed base plate and a bearing block
which slides on it.
(b) The base plate is identical in both male and female bearing.
(c) It comprises a ½” plate with side check plate which prevents the sliding
bearing block from lifting away from it.
(d) A total of 4 holding down bolts 14” long and 2 lengths of channel are
provided for bolting it down to either the concrete or the improvised
foundation.
(e) Pads are welded to the underside of the base plate and to the channels
to act as spacers for the transom when the improvised foundation is used.
(f) The bearing blocks, male and female, connect directly to the ends of
the Bailey panels, with panel pins.
(g) End posts are not used.
(h) These blocks are specially designed to cater for the relatively large
deflection of the span under load.
(j) The bearing has three functions, viz to transmit vertical forces both
upward and downward to the foundation; to transmit lateral forces (due to
wind on the span) similarly, and to permit longitudinal sliding due to deflection
under load, tractive forces, temperature change and so on.
(k) There are 4 sliding bearing in all, 2 male and 2 females, weighing
(complete) 348 lbs and 350 lbs respectively.
RESTRICTED 19
20 RESTRICTED
CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE OF ERECTION TOOLS
SECTION 8 – DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE OF ERECTION TOOLS

(Plate XV)
1. Only those tools which are special to BSB are described here. Other tools,
comprising standard Bailey Bridge erection tools and bridging equipment such as
blocks, cordage, lashings, winches, shackles spanners and so on are assumed to be
familiar.
2. Davit.
(a) A welded structure, at the top of which is a short swinging arm with
hole to take the pin of a 2-ton large bow shackle.
(b) At the widest point and at the bottom end are four brackets designed to
fit over the diagonals of a Bailey Panels.
(c) The davit is used for lifting tower panels, portal cross girders and so on
into place, a single 3 in cordage hoisting rope, passing round a snatch block
hung from the swinging arm, being employed for this purpose.
(d) Care must be taken to ensure that the brackets are properly engaged
over the panel diagonals.
(e) It can be lifted from one level to the next by 2 men, with a third man
steadying the upper end. The upper brackets take the weight.
(f) Caution. The davit will not safely take a horizontal lateral force
applied at the top of more than 300 lbs. Such a force will not be developed in
any of the processes for which the davit is normally used (Chapter VI). Before
it is used in any other way, the resultant forces calculated, to ensure that this
limit is not exceeded.
(g) The safe limit for vertical loads is 2 Bailey Panels. 4 Davits are
provided (one per tower leg).
(h) It weighs 160 lbs each.
3. Trolley.
(a) An assembly consisting of a frame, 4 hangers, 2 rollers and 6 long

pins.
(b) The rollers have guide rings giving 8 grooves at same spacing as those
on the tower saddle.
20 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 21
(c) The main cables fit into these grooves, the third one in from each side
being left vacant.
(d) Two of the hangers are fitted to the frame below the rollers by means
of the pin which, in this case, also serve to prevent the cable leaving the roller
grooves.
(e) The other two gangers are fitted to the end of the frame and act as
drawbars (only one actually being used in the normal method of erection).
(f) The trolley runs on the cables, its purpose being to support the weight
of nose of the half span during launching.
(g) Forward movement of the trolley is controlled by a 2 in SWR passing

from the drawbar hanger, over the top of the tower and down to a winch
situated near the anchorage.
(g) A total of 4 trolley are provided in the set.
4. Plate Spanner.
(a) A single ended spanner which fits the screwed adjuster A 2 ft 6 in long
extension tube is included with each 12 spanners are provided.
(b) Its weight (including tube) is 16 lbs.
5. Pull-lift jack (Plate XXIII).
(a) This is commercial article somewhat similar to a chain block.
(b) Two hooks, one mounted on a gear-case, are joined by a lever, on

which is a catch for reversing the action.
(c) A maximum pull of 3 tons can be developed.
(d) These tension jacks are used for the erection of the shorter suspender.
(e) A total of 10 are provided in the set.
(g) Maximum lengths between hooks is 6 ft.
6. Bar Spanner 1 in.
(a) A special spanner, with fixed double handles, for tightening the bolts of
top suspender clamps.
RESTRICTED 21
22 RESTRICTED
(b) As these bolts may have either BSW or BSWS nuts, the spanner is
made double – ended., one end fitting each size of nut. 8 Box Spanners, 1 in
are provided.
(c) It weighs 6 ½ lbs.
7. Drift Pin.
(a) A tapered pin for “drifting” the panel pin hole into alignment when
erecting the portal cross girders.
(b) The tapered end I ½ diameter and the panel portion slightly smaller
than the BB panel pin.
(c) 6 Drift pins are provided in the set.
(d) It weighs 5 ½ lbs.
(e) Pull-lifts are not strictly BSB erection tools.
(f) They are however included with the set of special erection equipment
and are described here for convenience.
22 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 23
CHAPTER IV
ANCHORAGES
1. General.
(a) The most vital parts of the bridge are its anchorages.
(b) In the case of the 400 ft span the maximum tension per cable is 19
tons, ie,114 tons per anchorages.
(c) The ground conditions will vary considerably at different sites, so it is

necessary to have several alternative types. Five have been designed, viz: -
(i) Buried Panel Anchorage, Type A and B, in which Bailey

panels and timber are used to from a “box” built in a hole in the ground,
the box being filled with the excavated material. They are suitable for
all types of ground that can be dug. They require respectively about
100 and 67 cubic yards of excavation each.
(ii) Rock Anchorages, BSB type and Rag bolt type, which
provide direct attachment of the cables to the ground. They are suitable
only for sound, homogeneous rock.
(iii) Concrete Block, which is a simple anchorage applicable to any

type of ground and more permanent than the others: but it requires 80
cubic yards of concrete and building will be relatively long and
laborious unless mixing plant is available.
2. Anchorages in Weak and Faulty Rock.
(a) None of the first four types gives the ideal answer to the problem of
anchorages in week and faulty rock or other hard digging ground.
(b) Accordingly, 3 further types (X, Y and Z) are briefly described and
illustrated.
(c) The best solution for a particular case will depend on the exact nature
of the ground and may be influenced by local resources of constructional
material.
3. Requirement of Anchorage as per Ground Conditions. The following

table is a rough guide to indicate the types of anchorages (other than concrete block)
likely to be required for various classes of subsoil.
RESTRICTED 23
24 RESTRICTED
Type of Ground Type of Anchorage

(a) Any earth, loam, sand gravel or clay
which is badly drained, wet or liable to Buried Panel Type A
water logging or flooding
(b) Ground as above but firm, compact
Buried Panel Type B
and well drained
Buried Panel Type B, or one
(c) Very hard digging ground, broken,
of the alternative types X, Y
weak or faulty rock, shale and so on or a
or Z or (if confirmed by site
mixture of these
test) BSB Rock Anchorage.
(d) Sound, soiled rock such as granite,
BSB type or Ragbolt type
basalt, hard sandstone, limestone,
Rock Anchorage.
quartzite and so on.
SECTION 10 – BURIED PANEL ANCHORAGES TYPE A AND B

(Plate XVI)
4. Gen.
(a) These depended on the resistance developed by a vertical or nearly

vertical face cut into the virgin soil.
(b) Type A is suitable for very poor ground.
(c) Type B, requiring less excavation and less panels, is intended for
ground of better quality.
(d) Constriction details are fully illustrated and explained on the Plate; the
notes there on should be carefully studied.
5. Panel Spacing.
(a) The resistance of these anchorages can be varied by increasing or

decreasing the spacing of the panels.
(b) The following table shows the recommended type and panel spacing
for a number of different classes and conditions of subsoil.
(c) These figures are for the 400 ft span.
(d) For the shorter spans panel spacing may be reduced in the ratio of the
decreased cable pull (Table 1, column 14), but should not be less than 1 ft 9
in.
(e) It should also not exceed 4 ft on account of the strength of the timber in
the front face.
24 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 25
(f) The ground level must not fall below a slope of 1 in 6 for 50 ft length in
front of the anchorage.
(g) The sleeper timber in the front face and the cross timbers supporting
the floor must not be less than 4 “full thickness.
Type of Condition Panel Spacing

Ground
Type A Type B
Ordinary Waterlogged, bad 4’ 0” -
earth or drainage
loam
Average 1’ 9” 3’ 6”
Very compact, well - 2’ 6”
drained
Wet 4’ 0” -
Sand Average 2’ 0” -
1; 9” 3’ 6”
Dry and compact
Gravel or Wet 2’ 0” -
Shingle Average - 3’ 0”
- 2’ 0”
Dry and compact
Clay Waterlogged, bad 3’ 0” -

drainage
Note: - Blanks under type A indicate that this type is unnecessarily

strong and Blank under Type B indicate that this type will not give sufficient
resistance with the maximum panel spacing of 4 ft.
6. These figures show the advantage of avoiding very wet or waterlogged

ground and arranging good drainage wherever possible.
7. Choose the type of soil which corresponds closest to that at the site, and build
the type of anchorage indicated in this table, the total width being six times the panel
spacing. If in any doubt, choose the next poorer type of soil.
8. Earth Filling.
(a) The stability of the anchorage must be checked.
(b) It will be stable provided the total weight of filling is not less than 1½
times the vertical component of the total cable pull and if the limits shown on
the Plate.
(c) The shape of filling shown is correct for material weighing not less than
90 lb per cubic feet loose, and for a panel spacing 23 ft 6 in.
RESTRICTED 25
26 RESTRICTED
(d) Clearly, if the panel spacing is decreased, a greater depth of filling is

required to produce the required weight, and vice versa.
(e) In the arrangement shown the cut and fill are approximately balanced
in both types.
9. The limit of 1 in 10 batter (to the vertical) on the front face of the Type B
design must not be Exceeded, otherwise there will be a risk of the anchorage being
pulled up bodily in the front.
10. Soundness of Timber.
(a) It must be remembered that these anchorages depend on the

soundness of the timber.
(b) In localities where white ants are prevalent, danger may arise on this
account if this bridge is to remain in use for any length of time, unless the
timber can be effectively treated.
(c) An alternative method would be to use galvanized corrugated iron

sheeting or “pierced steel plank” in place of the horizontal timbers in the face.
(d) In this case the strength of these parts must be checked; and all parts
must be well tarred to resist corrosion.
SECTION 11 – ROCK ANCHORAGES

(Plate VIII)
11. General.
(a) Two types of rock anchorages are provided, viz, BSB Hold fast, type
and Rag bolt type.
(b) Both are suitable for first class solid homogeneous rock only, as they
depend on the ability of the material to take care of the cable pull by
spreading it into a sufficiently large mass.
(c) In doubtful cases and especially where the rock has well defined
planes of cleavage, tests should be applied to one or more individual anchors.
(d) The BSB erection equipment includes four 20-ton hydraulic jacks,
which can be used with a suitable improvised test rig to apply to test load.
12. The spacing of both types of anchorage should not be less than 3 ft 6 in to 4
ft 0 in. If possible, they should be set out so that the 6 cables attached to one group
of anchorages are all the same length, to facilitate checking correct adjustment by
vibration
26 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 27
(a) BSB Holdfast Type (See also Chapter II, Section 4, para 3).
(i) The holdfast is secured by ordnance pattern holdfast spikes or

bridging spikes grouted into holes drilled in the rock.
(ii) The holes should be 1 ½ in to 2 in diameter and drilled at

approximately the same angle.
(b) Rag bolt Type (See also Chapter II, Section 4, para 4).
(i) One rag bolt is used for each cable.
(ii) The disadvantages of this type of anchorage is that it requires a

3 in minimum diameter hole 4 ft 6 in deep in the rock.
(iii) The compressor truck jack- hammer is scarcely capable of

drilling a hole this size, and no 3 in bits are supplied.
(iv) The ideal tool is a Boyles Rotary Rock, drilled, or a large size
pneumatic drill.
(v) Hand jumping is very slow and laborious.
(vi) Beehives must not be used as the shattering effect is too great.
(vii) The holes must be drilled at the correct angle of the cable pull.
(viii) This type of anchorage too will vary in its capacity with the angle
between the line of pull and the planes of stratification.
(ix) If in doubt a load test as mentioned above shall be undertaken.
SECTION 12 – CONCRETE BLOCK ANCHORAGE

(Plate XX)
13. Constr Methodology.
(a) This is a simple solid block built of 1: 3:6 concrete and weighing about
135 tons.
(b) Under the maximum cable pull the resultant pressure exerted on the
sloping front face is 1 ton per square foot, inclined downwards at right angles
to the face.
(c) The rag bolt anchors are embedded in the concrete during pouring.
RESTRICTED 27
28 RESTRICTED
(d) Owing to their relatively short length, Summerfield Track is used as

reinforcement.
(e) The shape of the block may be modified for ground of higher bearing
capacity, so as to reduce the depth and volume of excavation, but the total
weight should not be materially reduced.
SECTION 13 – ALTERNATIVE TYPES

(Plate XX)
14. The three types illustrated in the Plate are suggestion for use in hard ground
not good enough for rock anchorages.
15. They are not complete design, but merely an indication of what might be
done.
(a) Type X.
(i) A modified form of buried panel anchorage.
(ii) A small quantity of steel plates and some site welding is

required.
(iii) The design must be checked for stability against overturning.
(iv) Filling must be “borrowed” for this type of anchorages.
(b) Type Y.
(i) A form of rock anchor, inclined “sprags” made of chords cut from
panels (damaged ones if available) and loaded to give positive
resistance against uplift.
(ii) It is considered that beehives could be used to from the hole for
the sprags, provided all loose material is removed and the grouting is
well done.
(c) Type Z.
(i) Another form of rock anchor, in which panels are concreted into
individual slots cut in the rock.
(ii) Here again, the anchorage may be loaded to augment

resistance against uplift.
28 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 29
CHAPTER V
FOUNDATIONS
SECTION 14 GENERAL
1. General.
(a) Each tower leg foundations must be capable of resisting safety the max
vertical load of 110 tons, whereas lateral force is negligible.
(b) The span foundations have to resist the following force (total for each
end of span): -
(i) Vertical downwards 27.0 tons due to live load on
(ii) Vertical upwards 7.6 tons bridge.
(iii) Horizontal lateral 9.6 tons Due to wind.
(iv) Horizontal longitudinal 2.8 tons Due to friction at sliding

bearings.
2. These figures are for the 400 ft span. They include allowance for the
strengthened bridge (See Appendix J), with single vehicle class 40. Some of them
are reduced slightly for the shorter span, but for simplicity this reduction is neglected.
3. Types of Foundations.
(a) Two types of foundations have been designed viz, concrete and
improvised.
(b) Standard Bailey parts are used for the latter and the necessary
quantities are included in M/B(D) 93 Army- 4 (a) the bridge set.
(c) Both types are designed for ground with a bearing capacity of 1 ton per
square foot.
(d) For ground of higher bearing capacity, the area of the tower
foundations may be decreased if desired, but it very important that settlement
should not occur.
(e) The span foundations must not be reduced in size. This is to

accommodate account of the uplift they have to resist.
RESTRICTED 29
30 RESTRICTED
4. Advantages of Improvised Foundations.
(a) The improvised foundations are very quick to build.
(b) They have the further advantage that can be concreted in at a later
date.
5. Construction of Strengthened Bridges.
(a) If the bridge is to be built with Class 40 strengthening added, the span
foundation must be built 4 in lower relative to the tower foundation levels for
the un strengthened bridge (see Appendix J and Plate XXV).
(b) If there is a likelihood of the strengthening being added later the span
foundation should be of the improvised type which can be re-laid 4 in lower.
(c) In concrete span foundation this must be laid 4 in lower with a 4 in

packing of BB stringers on top, secured against the reactions given above.
SECTION 15 – CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS

(Plate XIX)
6. Constr Methodology.
(a) These are built with 1: 2: 4 mix, the total quantity of concrete in 4 tower
leg and 2 span foundations being 48 cubic yards.
(b) Layers of Summer field track are used as reinforcement.
(c) The concrete in each foundation should be placed in one continuous

operation.
(d) Tapered boxes set on templates should be fixed to from holes for the
holding down bolts.
SECTION 16 – IMPROVISED FOUNDATIONS

(Plate XVIII)
7. Tower Foundations.
(a) A grillage built of standard Bailey parts starting with a layer of chesses
and finishing with a base plate.
(b) A small quantity of timber is required foe strutting, packing and so on.
(c) It is essential to prepare a smooth level surface for this grillage.
30 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 31
8. Span foundation.
(a) This consists of a group of 4 transoms resting on and held down to 2

stringers.
(b) The sliding bearing are bolted down to the transoms with the bolts and
channels provided.
(c) The projecting ends of the stringers are decked over with chesses and
this decking is loaded with a weight of earth which.
(d) Together with the part of ramp which also rests on decking, is sufficient
to counteract must be effectively prevented
9. Two possible alternative methods of providing lateral resistance are

illustrated.
10. Owing to size of foundations there are certain limitations on the distance
between them which must not be forgotten when considering non-standard spans.
These limitations are given in a diagram on the plate.
11. Soundness of Timber.
(a) The protective treatment applied to Bailey chesses provides only

limited resistance to attack by white ants.
(b) This point must receive full consideration in localities where these
insects occur as the chesses form important structural members of these
foundations.
(c) Regarding replacement of timber by steel, see Section 10, para 10.
RESTRICTED 31
32 RESTRICTED
CHAPTER VI
ERECTION OF TOWER
1. Sequence of Erection. The sequence of erection is as under: -
(a) Reconnaissance.
(b) Clear site, unload and distribute stores, build serial cableway, if
necessary, to transfer store required on far side of gap.
(c) Survey and set out foundations, and so on.
(d) Build anchorages and foundations. Draw cables across gap and
anchorage marks on them. Prepare erection tackle.
(e) Erect towers.
(f) Erect and adjust cables.
(g) Launch span and fit suspenders
(h) Deck down, build ramps and make final adjustments.
2. The best working party is one Field Company at full strength.
3. The parts required for bridges of various spans can be found from Table 2.
4. A quantity of special erection equipment is required. This has already been

discussed in Chapter III.
SECTION 18 – RECONNAISSANCE
5. The following information should be obtained during the preliminary recce (the
list is not exhaustive and additional information specific to site can be obtained
during reconnaissance): -
32 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 33
(a) Approximate width of gap.
(i) Use gap measuring apparatus, stadia method of tachometry.
(ii) Make the proposed center line on the ground by a stout peg on
each side of the gap.
(b) Nature of gap. For example, deep ravine, fast flowing river and so
on.
(c) Height of banks. The bridge should be level if possible, but a slope
not exceeding 1/20 th of span is permissible.
(d) Nature of subsoil in vicinity of towers and anchorages. The

estimated safe bearing capacity of the ground should be not less than 1 ton
per square ft.
(e) Nature of approaches.
(i) It is an advantage if the permanent approach road can be

contained straight between the anchorages and 50 ft beyond.
(ii) Alternatively, the road can curve onto the bridge under the
backstay.
(iii) It is preferable to choose a site with adequate flat or easy

ground adjacent to both sides of the gap for unloading for laying out
stores.
(iv) The area required is not less than 50 ft either side of bridge
center line, Stretching back 150-200 ft from the edge of the gap.
(v) The approach roads must be in good condition; approximately

80 nos 3-ton lorries are required to carry the set of stores and
equipment for a 400 ft bridge.
(f) Accessibility of far Bank.
(i) Approximately half the stores are required on the far bank.
(ii) Assuming that no detour is possible for vehicles, a cableway will

be required.
(iii) It must clearly state whether the first cordage ropes can be
carried across the gap.
(iv) If not, Rocket apparatus will have to be used.
RESTRICTED 33
34 RESTRICTED
(g) Availability of water, aggregate for concrete, timber and other local
supplies.
(h) Water Level.
(i) The highest known water level should be ascertained from local
information, high water marks and so on.
(ii) The bridge be built at least 5 ft above this level.
SECTION 19 – PRELIMINARY WORK
6. Center Line and Building Space.
(a) Verify that the center line provisionally fixed by the recce party is the
best from all points of view.
(b) Mark out and clear the building space on each side of the gap.
(c) It is assumed that men carrying light loads can reach the far side on
foot, if necessary, making a detour.
7. Detailed Survey.
(a) Commence the detailed survey.
(b) It shall include accurate measurement of the gap and profile of the
banks, to obtain the necessary information for setting out the bridge.
(c) Instruction for detailed survey are given in Appendix A, Part 1.
8. Store Layout. Unload the stores at site. No layout plan is given, but the
following points should be mind: -
(a) Keep all stores 30 ft clear of bridge center line and clear altogether of
the anchorage and tower positions.
(b) Half the stores have to go to the far side. If a cableway is to be built,
stock these stores near the end of the cableway.
(c) Arrange the stores intelligently so that parts required early are where
they are required.
34 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 35
(d) If possible, erect a hut for all stores, erection tools and tackles.
9. Erection of Aerial Cableway.
(a) If direct access for vehicle to the far slide is not possible erect an Arial
cableway and start transferring stores across on it.
(b) Details of a suitable cable way built entirely of BB & BSB parts and
capable of transporting at least 24 panels per hr over a 450 ft gap are given in
Appendix B
(c) It also explains the use of Rocket Apparatus for getting first rope
across the gap where direct portage is impracticable.
SECTION 20 – CHOICE OF TYPE OF SPAN, ANCHORAGES

AND FOUNDATIONS AND MARKING OUT
10. Span and Type of Bridge.
(a) Having measured the gap and surveyed the profile (Appendix A part I)
settle provisionally the span and type of br to be built and its deck level
relative to the assumed datum.
(b) Verify on the ground that the chosen position on the foundations and
anchorages are suitable.
(c) In setting the span, remember to allow sufficient space (10 to 15 ft) in
front of the span foundation for the launching rollers.
(d) Level ramp should be constructed for preference (see plate XIII).
11. Non- Standard Bridge. It may be possible to save excavation in the tower
foundations by building a non-standard bridge (see Appendix A part III).
12. Choice of Foundation and Anchorage.
(a) Choice of concrete or improvised foundations will depend on the time

factor, the permanency or otherwise of the bridge and availability of concrete
materials.
RESTRICTED 35
36 RESTRICTED
(b) Choice of anchorage types and dimensions has been dealt with in
chapter IV.
13. Position and Levels of Anchorages and Foundations. Having fix the
span length, type and deck level, proceed to determine and mark out the position
and levels of anchorages and foundations as explained in Appendix A part I.
SECTION 21 – BUILDING THE ANCHORAGES
14. General.
(a) Whichever type of anchorages is built care must be taken to ensure

that the “anchorage setting out point” is at its correct pre-determined position
and level, within limits of +/- 3”.
(b) If there is any doubt about this, the actual position and level relative to
the tower should be measured again after completion and the position of the
anchorages mark on the cable re-calculated if necessary.
(c) The anchorage setting out point is shown on the plates for each type.
(d) It is always the center line of the pin forming the final connection to the
fix part of the anchorages.
Buried panel anchorages (Plate XVI).
15. Construction Methodology.
(a) The excavation can be done by hand, but the back acting mechanical
digger (back actor) is the ideal eqpt for the job.
(b) If this is available, first dig a trench to required depth about 1 ft clear of
the front face, heaping the spoil on the either side of and between the
anchorages, not in front.
(c) Finish of the front face very carefully by hand, to the correct batter in
the case of type B.
(d) It is important that this face should net be disturbed.
(e) In hard ground it may be necessary to drive the face timbers down as
excavation proceed.
36 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 37
16. Timber Placement and Finishing Up.
(a) The timber, which should not be less than 4 in thick, must be very
carefully placed, as shown in the plate, care must be taken that front-end
verticals of the panel bear evenly on the horizontal timbers.
(b) It is preferable to “fill out” the webs of these verticals with strip of wood.
(c) Pay attention to all the notes on the plate. Details have been brought
out.
(d) Three rows of panel erected first with female ends forward together
with the cross sleeper to carrying the flooring for all 6 rows.
(e) The other three rows are than erected and sleepers pulled across into
place.
(f) It must be understood that the sleepers cannot be got in if all the
panels are erected first.
(g) The struts between the front ends of the panels, which resist the inward
pull of the ends of the converging backstay cables, must not be forgotten.
Rock anchorages BSB holdfast type (Plate VIII).
17. The rock face is prepared to receive the anchor, to given a level surface of
sound rock, free from weathering in line with the backstay if possible.
18. The holdfast bodies are placed in position and the holes mark out.
19. The pegs are removed and the holes “started” by jumping small depressions
with the point of the bridge spike.
20. The first 1½” is drilled vertically to enter the drill, and the reminder at the
correct angle. An assistant gauge the angle of inclination by eye and guides the
drillers; no jig is required. hand jumping may be resorted to in an emergency but the
operation will take very much longer.
21. When completed the holes are thoroughly blown out clean and wetted. The
mortar is then mixed in proportion of one part of sand and 1 of cement to the
consistency of thick cream and poured into the holes, using a thin rod as a rammer
and to remove trapped air. The holes should be filled to within about 2 in of the top.
(The sand used should be clean, sharp and free from all stresses of vegetable
matter and other impurities. A relatively small percentage of organic matter can be
very deleterious to concrete or mortar).
22. When the holes are full, the hold fast bodies placed in position with male ends
forward pushed into the holes. The linked plate is fitted and the spikes driven fully
home for the last 6 into 9 in by a sledge hammer. This operation must be completed
quickly, as the mortar at the bottom of the holes soon begins to set.
RESTRICTED 37
38 RESTRICTED
23. In average rock the eight holes for one holdfast can be drilled by 2 men: -
(a) Using a warsop drill – in 10 hrs.
(b) Using compressor truck – in 1 hr.
(c) Grouting (with materials to hand) – in 1 hr. ½ cubic ft of grout is

required per holdfast.
Rock anchorage – Rag bolt type.
24. The surface rock is cleaned away; the slope of the surface should be such as
to give a good depth of rock cover to the bolt and excavation to achieve this may be
required.
25. The holes are then drill to min diameter of 3” and the depth of 4 ft 6 inches by
one of the following methods: -
(a) Boyles Rotary drill.
(b) Jack hammers of the compressor truck, although these are barely
adequate and special bits are required.
(c) Improvised Hand Jumping.
(i) Two pipes are set up at the required angle and well-greased
they act as slides for a 50 lb. Drivel monkey which is used to produce
hammer blow on a length of a drivel driving tube, in the lower end of
which is fitted as spl chuck carrying hexagon dill steels 2 ft, 4 ft, and 5ft
long with 3 ½ in, 3 3/8 in and 3 ¼ in bits. The drill steels must be
rotated during drilling.
(ii) The bits are tripped with DUROID and may be sharpened by
grinding; care being taken not to reduce the wings of the bit which
control the size of hole. Loose rock is extracted with the length of wire
or compressed air. In all but the hardest rock one hole may be jumped
in this way in about 8 hrs.
(iii) When completed, the holes are thoroughly cleaned and wetted
and about a foot of grout poured in. The rag bolt is inserted centrally
and grouting is completed, taking care to ram to remove trapped air
and ensure solid grouting. Max projection 4 inches to center of pin
hole.
26. Concrete block anchorage (plate XVII). Construction of Concrete

Block Anchorages have been given out in details in Plate XVII.
38 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 39
SECTION 22- BUILDING THE FOUNDATIONS
27. General.
(a) The two tower base bottom bearings of one tower must not differ in
level by more than ¼ inch.
(b) The distance between them (22 ft 8 in) must be correct to +-1/4 inch.
(c) The level of the span bearing should be within +/- 1/2 in of the correct
fig relative to the tower bearing (dimensions “h” in table 1, column 6).
(d) The span bearings are to be placed with the stop lugs away from the
span.
28. Concrete foundations (Plate XIX).
(a) Here again this work follows normal practice.
(b) All relevant instructions are given on the plate.
(c) Care must be taken to finish the concrete to reasonably smooth and
level surface ¾ inch to 1 in below the underside of the base plates to allow for
grouting.
(d) The grout should be 1:2 cement and sand, mixed to very dry for
ramming under the base plates.
(e) The bottom bearing of the tower should be set at this stage on temp
packing and the rag bolt only grouted in.
(f) Grouting under the bearings themselves is done after the level have
been checked on the tower bases (see section 24, para2).
(g) Fine concrete should be used for filling the holding down bolt pockets
of the span foundations.
29. Improvised foundations (Plate XVIII).
(a) Under average condition and with good org these foundations can be
excavated and built in one day.
(b) The following paras on construction amplify those shown on the plate.
30. Tower foundation.
(a) Excavate to dead level, smooth surface when excavation is near final
level peg in the middle of the area and work of these with fd level and straight
edge.
RESTRICTED 39
40 RESTRICTED
(b) Lay in the chesses, then the stringer (all plane) then the transoms,
upside down all at the correct centers.
(c) Check alignment and locate stringer to chesses by spikes or buttons.
(d) Cut timber struts 1 ft 9 ¾ inch and 1ft 1 ¾ inch long and place between
transoms, together with special struts jammed in between outer transom and
ends of stringers.
(e) Place both layer of ramps and base plate and locate the latter by
lashing to the transoms or by strutting from the sides of the excavation.
(f) Place bottom bearing of the tower, check alignment and level and fix
position with wood checks to the raised sides of the BB base plate.
31. Span Foundation.
(a) Excavate to dead level as before, lay in the 6 bottom chesses and 2
stringers.
(b) Place the 4 transoms with ends squared across and bolt the sliding
bearing to them, using the channels and bolt provided, at the correct centers.
(c) Place 3 pairs of additional chesses between stringer and under

transoms accurately align the latter and fix down to stringers with 8 stringer
clamps.
(d) Fill in the space, including those between transoms, with earth well
consolidated.
(e) Lay Platform Chesses in place, followed by ramp pedestal on packing

(see section 29 and Plate XIII).
(f) Then fill in all over platform with consolidated earth to a depth of at
least 15 inches.
(g) Some improvised timber boxing is advisable to keep dirt away from the
sliding bearing.
(h) It will be better to leave the ramp pedestals packing and earth filling
until after the span has been launched.
(j) Efficient resistance must be provided against lateral movement.
40 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 41
SECTION 23 – PREPARATION FOR ERECTION
32. Erection of Cable.
(a) Draw the cables across the gap, making them fast if necessary, on
each bank, six on each side of the center line, well clear of the towers.
(b) It is essential to keep each one separated from its neighbor throughout
the length, to avoid getting them crossed during erection.
(c) Mark the saddle and anchorage position on each cable with ring of
paint or spun yarn.
(d) Alternatively, in the case of anchorage marks, fasten a double throated

clamp tightly on the cable against the mark.
(e) This will than serve as a stop when setting the cable into Trewhella
grab.
(f) The distance to be measured from the nearest existing marks to the
saddle marks are given in table 1 (column 18 and explanatory diagram) for
standard spans.
(g) Instructions for obtaining the distance for the nonstandard spans are in
Appendix A part III.
(h) Appendix A part II gives instruction for calculating positions of the

anchorage marks.
(j) The cables are laid out straight on the ground for measuring off these
distances, no tensioning is required and it is recommended to use a steel
tape.
(k) The cables are numbered 1 to 6 in each group, No 1 being nearest the
bridge center line.
(l) After making coil the ends back towards the towers starting with No 6
and finishing with No 1will then be on top ready for erection, followed by No’s
2,3,4 and so on.
33. Tackle. Make up 8 sets of 3/3 heavy gin lifting tackles, using 60 fathom
lengths of 3 in cordage, with blocks about 50 ft apart, for use in launching the span.
34. Preparation of Portal Cross Girder and Portal Rakers.
(a) Near each tower, pin together 12 panels in 6 pairs to form the portal
cross girder and portal rakers.
RESTRICTED 41
42 RESTRICTED
(b) Attach the portal raker top attachment to two of these to form the lower
portal cross girder (see plate V).
(c) Pin the bottom attachment to the male ends of two more, to form the
portal rakers (see Plate XVI).
(d) Make up 10 sets of portal bracing, each consisting of 2 bracing angles

and 2 BB bracing frames. Loosely bolted together (See Plate IV, Section
A__A)
35. Packing for Tower.
(a) Prepare the necessary packing for the false bases of the tower.
(b) The male lugs of the false base panels bear on these through steel
plates and folding wedges.
(c) Allowing 6” for the latter, the top of the packing should be 3’ 2” in above
the underside of the tower base bottom bearing.
(d) The centers of the packing are 12’ 9” from the tower center line for 50
& 40 ft towers.
(e) The max load on each packing (2 per tower leg) is 10 tons.
36. Preparation of Anchorages.
(a) Attach screwed adjusters (opened out to their fullest extents) and
Trewhella grabs to the anchorages.
(b) In order to avoid confusion during main cable adjustments, make sure
all the screwed adjusters are fitted the same way around, ie, so that is every
case clockwise movement of the right-hand left-hand threaded rod causes
shortening of the adjuster, and vice versa.
37. Preparation of Trolley.
(a) Set the four 2 tons winches for controlling the trolleys during span
launching at convenient positions near the anchorages, together with the
necessary leading blocks attached to the ordinance holdfasts or to the top of
the anchorage panels.
(b) Wind 100 fathoms lengths of 2 in SWR on and form eyes on the ends
with DT clamps. Prepare four 9”x9” timber wearing blocks as shown on plate
XXII.
38. Preparation of SWR Suspenders for Cable Curve ‘B’.
(a) In the case of a 280, 210 or 200 ft span makeup the SWR suspenders
as shown in the diagram and table on Plate III.
42 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 43
(b) These are prepared using DT clamps at one end.
39. Preparation of Sliding Deck Connection. Put in four ordnance holdfast

anchorages for the sliding deck connections at the ends of the span (see Plate XIII).
RESTRICTED 43
44 RESTRICTED
SECTION 24 – ERECTING THE TOWERS

(Plates IV, V, XIV, and XXI)
40. General. Erection of a 50 ft tower is described. The bottom bearings are

assumed to be already in position.
41. Erection of Tower Base.
(a) Place top bearing on bottom bearing and pack up to prevent rocking.
(b) Place tower base on top and bolt down to top bearing.
(c) Pack under ends setting it with inshore end ¾ inch to one inch lower
than off shore end (See diagram and notes on Plate XXI).
(d) Check and adjust if necessary, the levels of the panels pin hole centers
in the female jaws on top of the tower bases; adjusting may be done by
inserting steel plates between the female jaw base plates and the 16” X 6”in
tower base joints.
(e) If on one tower leg, the difference in level between the pin hole centers
exceeds 1/16 in, the difference should be corrected in the manner described
above.
(f) If the level on one leg of tower differs from that ¼ in, pack up the
bottom bearing of the lower one to correct.
(g) This precaution is necessary because there may slight manufacturing

difference in the “build up” of three parts forming the tower base and its rocker
bearing.
(h) In the case of improvised foundation solid steel packing over the whole
area of the bottom bearing must be used.
(j) Having checked the levels, complete the grouting under the bottom
bearing in the case of concrete foundations. (See Section 22, para 2)
1st 10 ft lift and false base.
(a) Manhandle two panels into position and pin them to the base.
(b) Erect a heavy bracing frame on one side.
(c) Fix temporary cordage guys as shown on Plate XXI.
44 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 45
(d) Pass the davit in between the panels and hang it on the upper
diagonals of the inner panel (See Plate XV) ensuring that the brackets are
correctly engaged.
(e) Fit the other heavy bracing.
(f) Place spacer cord bolt in position through upper chord bolt holes, and
connect portal raker center attachment to the inner bolt (tubular spacer on
outer ones only).
(g) Lift 1st 2 false base panels into position on the inshore side followed by
the 2 on the off shore side, connecting them to the spacer chord bolt and
spare pin holes in the tower base.
(h) Fit BB bracing frames top and bottom.
(j) Erect the second 2 pairs of panels of the false base, connecting them
to the others with BB chord bolts.
(k) Fit bracing frames top and bottom and on exposed chord.
(l) Wedge up lightly under male lugs of these panels to the prepared
packing below.
2nd 10 ft lift.
(a) Rig 3 in cordage fall through snatch blocks at tower base and head of
davit as shown.
(b) Bridging end down outside tower leg.
(c) Attach a panel as shown on the plate, female end up, and make fast 2
in breast line to the bottom of the panel.
(d) Arrange working party on each leg as follows: -
(i) NCO-in-charge on ground - 01.

(ii) Erection on top - 02.
(iii) Panel party - 01.
(iv) Hosting party - 01.
(v) Breast line man - 02.
44. 2 more erectors will be required on top for fixing portal bracing frames and so
on. These men also assist in lifting the davit. Total 21 to 28 working numbers.
45. Each erector requires the following tools: -
(a) Pin hammer - 01
RESTRICTED 45
46 RESTRICTED
(b) ¾” podgier spanner - 01

(c) ¾” box spanner - 01
(d) Ordnance holdfast - 01
(e) Supply of split pins.
(f) Drift pin between 2 for erecting – portal cross girder - 01.
46. All panel pins, bracing bolt and so on required for fixing the various parts, are
put loosely in their holes before the parts are lifted. All panel pins must have split
pins. All men, except those working aloft, should wear steel helmet.
47. Hoist the panel up, keeping it just clear of the leg by means of the breast line,
land it in position and insert the panel pins. Repeat for the other panel, hoisting it up
the inside of the leg. Raise the davit to the next level. Hoist 2 more heavy bracing
frame as shown on the plate and fix with BB bracing bolts.
48. Fix temporary Guy B at the top of the lift. Then raise guy A from its original
position to this level.
3rd lift and the portal cross girders.
(a) Erect the tower leg panels as before.
(b) Raise the davit to the next level.
(c) Erect portal connecter frame (Male on one leg Female on the other leg)
and bolt in position to the chord bolt holes immediately above and below the
20 ft joint.
(d) Erect the light bracing frames at the top of this lift.
(e) Carry a portal cross girder between the tower legs, attach the falls from
both davits to the end of the top chord and attach breast line to the top chord
also.
(f) Lift the panels steadily.
(g) The girder must not be swung out any more than is necessary to just
clear the tower leg, or the davit will be over stressed.
(h) Continue lifting till the girder is about 9” above its final position, then
lower gently, guiding it into engagement with the portal connecter frames.
(j) As soon as possible, push a spike other two holes to force them into
alignment.
(k) Remove the spike and insert panel pins in their place.
(l) Remove Drift pin and insert other panel pins.
46 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 47
(m) Repeat for the other cross girder. The temporary guys may be
removed.
Notes: - During erection, the tower legs may have twisted on their bearings;
this can easily be corrected by pulling on the false base, where a large
leverage is obtained.
Portal Rakers.
(a) The method of erecting these is clearly explained in Plate XXI.
(b) It is essential to use additional snatch block in order to avoid undue

lateral force at the head of the davit.
(c) Some difficulty may be found at first in jockeying the upper end of the
raker into position on the attachment.
(d) Having done this, fix the bottom attachments to the tower base with the
bolts provided.
(e) Finally swing up and fix center attachment to the raker.
51. Commence fixing the portal bracing assemblies, using light cordage to hoist
them. This work goes on concurrently with the erection of the 4th and 5th lifts of the
tower legs. Having completed the bracing assemblies on the lower portal, same men
move up and fix them on the upper portal.
4th and 5th lifts and upper portal.
(a) These are erected similarly except that all tower leg panels are hoisted
up the outside of the leg, the inner ones being swung round into position on
reaching their level.
(b) The upper portal connecter frames are fitted to the chord bolt hole in
the fifth lift, there are no portal rakers.
Saddle bearers.
(a) Hoist a bundle of 6 chesses and lash them to the top of the portal, clear
of the positions to be occupied by the bracing assemblies, to form a working
platform.
RESTRICTED 47
48 RESTRICTED
(b) Dismantle the bearers and hoist the two halves separately, each with
one diaphragm channel attached, so that when erected they embrace the
davit.
Span erection gear.
54. Trolley.
(a) Hoist a trolley, lay it on the platform and lash it temporarily.
(b) Hoist two of the prepared tackles and book them to the offshore side of
the portal.
(c) Hoist up the 9”x9” wearing blocks and lay them on the platforms.
(d) Haul up the ends of the control ropes from the winches and shackle
them temporarily to the portal.
55. Saddle.
(a) Hoist the saddle and lay it across the bearers at right angle to its
correct position, just clear of the davit.
(b) Remove the latter from the tower leg and lower down to the ground;
pull the 3” cordage fall up from inside the tower leg and lay it over the portal
so that both ends reach the ground, one on the offshore and one on the
inshore side.
(c) Swing the saddle round into place and bolt it down.
(d) The saddle should splay outward towards the anchorages; the
arrangement of bolt holes allows this.
(e) Finally, fix horizontal BB bracing frame at each 10’ joint of the tower leg
(6” all) including top and bottom.
48 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 49
CHAPTER VII
ERECTION OF SPAN
SECTION 25- ERECTION OF MAIN CABLES
1. Erection Methodology.
(a) Remove the clamps and temporary erection cleats from the saddles,
and lift the bight of the 3 in cordage (previously used for the davits) over the
saddle, placing it in the first groove.
(b) Call this rope A and make its offshore end of cable No 1.
(c) Take another length of cordage (Rope B) not less than 25 fathoms and
attach it closed to the offshore end of Rope A.
(d) Heave on the inshore end of A pulling the end of the cable No 1,
together with rope B over the saddle and down to the ground near the
anchorage.
(e) Cast of rope A from the cable, and pull on the offshore end of rope B in
order to return Rope A for the next cable.
(f) Meanwhile, haul the end of cable No1 to the anchorages, having cut
the serving off the anchorage marks, lay it into the Trewhella grab and close
the grab.
(g) The mark on the cable should be just where the cable enters the grab.
(h) This operation can be done easily by direct man power, the tension
due to the weight of cable hanging freely between the towers being only about
6 cwts.
(j) Repeat for the other five cables, remembering to leave the 3rd groove
from each side of saddle vacant.
2. Placement on Saddle.
(a) Erection of cables can proceed simultaneously on both sides of the

gap, or one side can be done first.
(b) When the cables are erected, bolt the temporary erection cleats and
the inshore saddle clamps loosely in place, and cut off the serving to expose
the saddle marks.
RESTRICTED 49
50 RESTRICTED
(c) If the towers are leaning back the correct amount of about 8”-9” in a
height of 50’ these marks should be found to be fairly closed to the scribed
center line on the saddle.
(d) Working on one end of each cable in turn, bring the marks into
alignment as given in the following para.
3. Adjustment of Cable Mark.
(a) If cable mark is inshore of the saddle center, shake cable at anchorage
with quick upward jerking movement several times, so as to make cable
“snake”.
(b) The resulting vibration should move the cable over the saddle.
(c) If this fails, sling a length of cordage over the cable on the offshore side
and pull down.
(d) When the mark is in the correct position tighten down the temporary
erection cleats.
(e) To hold it (See Plate VI). If the mark is offshore to the saddle center,
weigh down very gently on cable at anchorage.
4. Final Adjustments.
(a) When all the cables are thus set, tighten the inshore saddle clamps
down hard with the special box spanners and then knockout the wedges
under false bases.
(b) Screw up the anchorage adjuster to 5’9” in center of pins (about 3” less
than the mean length).
(c) This is done purposely, as during final adjustment of the bridge,

slackening is much easier than tightening.
(d) Make sure that the false bases remain free during the operation.
(e) Finally, adjust the back stay by further small amount until all six cables
at each anchorage have the same sag.
(f) This can be easily done by eye, standing beneath the cables in front of
the anchorage looking upward and observing the sag.
(g) Choose the cable which appears to be the average and adjust the
other to it.
(h) It is not necessary to attempt exact equalization of the two groups of

backstay cables at either end of the bridge at this stage.
50 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 51
5. Now, adjust the main cable and tower tilts as described in appendix C, para 8.
When this is done, but not before, dismantle the false bases. Give the clamps a
further final tightening.
SECTION 26 – LAUNCHING THE SPAN

(Plates XXII and XXIII)
6. General.
(a) The model consists of building and launching half the span from each
side of gap.
(b) The forward end or nose of each half is supported for the main cables;
on completion the whole span is resting on rollers at its ends and hanging on
the two pairs of central suspenders.
(c) The 400’ span is launched complete excepts for stringer and decking,
which must be added later in order to avoid overstressing any parts.
(d) The method described and illustrated is for this span and is the same in
principal for all spans.
(e) Variations in the case of span of 280’ and downwards are given in
section 28.
7. Preparatory work.
(a) Make sure the trolleys and all blocks are well lubricated.
(b) Assemble the trolleys on the cables at the towers.
(c) To do this, remove all the hangers except the one on the inshore end
of the trolley, and lift it on top of the saddle.
(d) Lash it to prevent it running away out of control.
(e) “Feed” it out into the cables and attach the offshore hangers together
with the upper end of one of the tackles.
(f) Fit the out-shore saddle clamp and tighten securely; remove the
erection cleats from the tower saddles.
(g) Repeat for the other hanger and tackle.
(h) Insert 9”x9” wearing block between the checks of the saddle, and
attach the SWR control rope from the winch to the hanger of the inshore end
of the trolley.
RESTRICTED 51
52 RESTRICTED
(j) The offshore hanger is not required but its pin should be inserted.
(k) Insert anti-twister bar trough top blocks of tackles. This is most
important.
8. Launching Plane.
(a) While this is going on, lay cut the launching track as for normal bailey
br.
(b) The launching plane should be approximately level and about 2 to 2 ½

in above the final level of the bottom chord.
(c) It must not be more than 3’ 6” in above the transoms will foul the portal
rakers.
(d) The rocking rollers should be at least 5’ ahead of the center line of the
span foundation; 10’ or even more is preferable.
Building instructions.
9. Work proceeds simultaneously on both banks, but need not keep “in Steps”: -
(a) One side of gap - female ends of panels leading transoms behind
verticals.
(b) Other side of gap Male ends leading transom ahead of verticals.
(c) Sway braces to be properly and evenly tightened.
(d) All rakers to be omitted.
(e) Stringers and decking to be omitted.
(f) Chess gangways to be laid along transoms (See Plate XXIII, view AA).
(g) Bottom suspender connectors bolted to top chord mid panel points at
5’,25’, 45’, and so on back from nose.
Stages of Launching.
10. Launch Up to 90’ Ahead of Rollers.
(a) Build 3 bays and attach tackles, approximately 9’ and 12’ back from
nose, to bottom chords, as shown on plate XXII.
(b) If shackles of adequately dimensions cannot be obtained, use 2” SWR

slings adequately protected by timber chafing blocks.
52 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 53
(c) Continue building and launching, keeping point of balance inshore of

rocking rollers, up to max of 200’ total length with nose 90’ ahead of rollers, if
the run back allows.
(d) Pay out on the winches, allowing the trolleys to ride down the cables,
and take up the slack in the tackle during the stage.
(e) When 90’ is reached, haul in evenly on the tackles till the weight of
nose is taken and make fast the falls to the projecting ends of transoms near
the tail end of the span.
(f) If the run back is restricted, this operation will have to be done at an
earlier stage of launching.
11. Launch of Balance Span.
(a) Continue launching till the nose is 140’ ahead of the rollers.
(b) At this stage tail end should be clear of the plane roller.
(c) Remove them, the load on each tackle is now about 1.6 ton.
(d) Haul in again until the cables are within 1’ 6” of the top chord at the
point 5’ back from the nose, or until the tail end touches ground.
(e) If the latter happens, launch forward some more until the launching up
can be completed without the tail grounding.
(f) It is desirable to complete the hauling up as early as possible, as

further launching increases the load on the tackles, making them hard to
work.
(g) The load should be shared as evenly as possible, between the two
tackles on each trolley.
(h) This can be verified by pulling upward on the running ends about half
way between the tackles and the tail of the bridge.
(j) After making fast, if is much easier to lift than the other is shows that it
is not taking its share.
(k) This test is to be repeated every 20’ of launching from now on and the
necessary small adjustment made.
12. Joining of Mid Span.
(a) Launch right out to mid span.
(b) Mechanical side such as bulldozers are not desirable or necessary.
RESTRICTED 53
54 RESTRICTED
(c) it is not difficult to launch the complete half span provided at least 40
men are available for pushing.
(d) On arrival at mid span, cut the wrapping off suspender marks No 1 and
bolt on the clamps, tightening them down hard with the box spanners.
(e) Rig a pull lift jack between the two clamps and pull them inward as
illustrated on Plate XXIII, in order to attach No 1 suspender (female connecter
links).
(f) It is necessary to twist the clamp by means of chess used as a lever as

shown in the Plate, and to slack off on the tackles, but care must be taken not
to overdo the slackening.
(g) When the suspender is fixed (with split pins in the pins), release the
tackles and disconnect from the span.
(h) It is advisable to keep launching of the other half span back a little and
complete this operation on the half first; then launch the other half forward,
join up by inserting the bottom panel pins (slacken slightly on tackles to do so)
and fix the other two No1 suspenders.
(j) Launching is now completed.
(k) The tail end remains on the rocking rollers.
(l) If left overnight, or if a strong gale blows up, lash the tail ends securely
to the towers to prevent lateral movement which might otherwise overturn the
rollers.
(m) The backstay will have become taut during launching.
(n) While suspenders No 2 to 10 are being fixed (See section 27), the
backstay tensions are accurately equalized at each anchorage by the
vibration method, as described in Appendix C, para 9.
(o) Once this is done, no further adjustments are to be made on individual

cables, otherwise the equalization will be upset.
SECTION 27 – ERECTION OF SUSPENDER NO 2 TO 10, AND DECKING DOWN

(PLATES XII AND XXIII)
13. The method intimates all lifting of top clamps and suspenders up to the
cables. They are put on near midspan where the cables are within reach and drawn
up to their positions by means of trolleys. All adjustable suspenders, No 5 to 10 are
to be erected set at their correct length and not altered. The correct settings of the
screwed adjusters are given on Plate XII. The description is worded for one set of
54 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 55
suspenders No2 to 10; work proceed simultaneously on all 4 sets, and is in four
stages (See Plate XXIII): -
(a) Haul trolley back about 10’ clear of No 1 suspender bolt all remaining
top clamps loosely on cables, and hitch No 5 to 10 inclusive to trolley as
shown. Haul trolley backup cables till these clamps have passed mark No 4.
The clamps should ride over the protective wrappings of the marks. Pin
suspenders 2’3 and 4 to their top clamps.
(b) Slide top clamps 2,3 and 4 up to their marks, cut off the protective
wrapping and bolt down clamp centrally on the marks. It is very important to
get all clamps bolts as tight as possible. Using a pull lift (or two, if necessary)
as shown on the plate, pull the cables down and attach these three
suspenders, one at time in order. All pins in suspenders must be split pins.
Now attach suspenders 5 to 10 their top clamps (the adjusters on the longer
once may be left of till later) and female links to all remaining bottom
suspender connections.
(c) Haul trolley up cables to about 10’ inshore of marks No 7, stopping at

points 5,6 and 7 to detach and bolt down the next three clamps up the cables,
sitting astride them, to position the clamps, the “top men” on tower erection
will be accustomed to working aloft; it is suggested that they are given this
job. Connect the trolley tackles to the top chord of the span and use them to
haul the cables down till suspender No 5 can be attached at its lower end.
When possible the hooks of the blocks between the top chord channels and a
crowbar or bridging spike inserted transversely between the hook and
channels bottom flanges. Attach No 6 and 7 also, then release and disconnect
the tackles. Start decking down the bridge at this stage.
(d) Haul the trolley up to the tower, detaching the last three clamps as
before. As the end of the span is still jacked up, these suspenders will meet
their bottom connectors without further hauling down. If this is not possible,
slack off their adjusters, connect up and immediately return them to the
correct setting. Clean and grease the sliding surfaces of the end bearings.
Jack the span down and insert the panel pins in the bearing blocks. As the
load on the rollers at this stage is small, the jacks may be placed under the
bottom chord. Insert top panel pins at midspan. Complete decking down.
Dismantle the trolleys and lower them down, together with the chess platforms
on the portals.
RESTRICTED 55
56 RESTRICTED
SECTION 28 – VARIATIONS IN LAUNCHING SPANS OF 280 FT AND UNDER
14. The maximum load on each tackle (assuming equal distribution) should not
exceed 3 tons. Without exceeding this limit, the 280 and 260 ft spans may be
launched with stringers in place; spans from 240 ft downwards may be launched
complete with decking.
15. Fix the tackles to the bottom as before, but about 15 and 18 ft back from the
nose, so as to leave room for putting all the top clamps on the cables before
transferring the load to the suspender A (See para 3 below)
16. Owing to the greater length (about 7’ 6”) of the shortest suspender in the “B”
cable curve, the cable will be out of reach at midspan. During launching, therefore,
the nose should be hauled up to within 2 to 3’ of the cables. When midspan is
reached all the suspender top clamps are bolted loosely to the cables, ahead of the
trolley, with their suspenders hanging from them. Top clamps of suspender A are
tightened down on their marks; the half span is then lowered on the tackle till these
suspenders can be connected and take the weight. It is not necessary in this case to
strain the two opposite clamps together. The remaining suspenders are fixed
generally as described for the 400 ft span except that pull-lifts are not used to haul
the cable down. The first position of the trolley is between suspenders C and D,
when B and C are fixed. At the next position D and E are fixed. It should be possible
to fix F and G without further hauling down.
17. All suspenders should be erected with their adjusters correctly set. If for any
reason they have to be unscrewed they should immediately be reset.
SECTION 29 – RAMPS AND SLIDING CONNECTIONS OF DECK
18. These are shown on Plate XIII. The following points should be noted: -
(a) The ramp transom adjacent to the bridge must be 2 in above the end
transom of the span.
(b) The ramp center line is offset 3” from the bridge centerline.
(c) As the ramp is not anchored to the bridge, the packing under the
pedestal must be very solid and spiked together, the pedestal being spiked to
the packing.
(d) The chesses covering the sliding connections must have sufficient
gaps between them to allow a total “closing up” of 6” and must be snake
lashed down.
56 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 57
SECTION 30 – FINAL ADJUSTMENTS
19. Camber and Tower Tilt.
(a) On completion of erection, the span will probably be found to have an

upward camber and there may also be a transverse slope on the deck at
midspan.
(b) First, check that all the adjustable suspenders are set at their correct
overall lengths center to center of top and bottom pins (Plates II & III).
(c) This done, record the tilt of each tower and the deck level at each end
and at midspan, on both sides (It is best to hold the staff on top of the transom
either inside or outside the stiffening girders, as close to the latter as
possible).
(d) The span is design to be straight from end to end, but as there may be
some slight “give” at the anchorages, it is better to leave the span with an
upward camber of about 3” at midspan.
(e) Appendix C, para 10 explains how to correct the midspan deck level
and equalize the tower tilts.
(f) Then check for equality of tension, by the vibration method and correct
if necessary.
(g) Normally, no adjustments should be made to suspenders; the effect

would be to alter the shape of cable curve and upset the distribution of live
load stresses in the stiffening girder.
(h) In the case of the A cable curve the span will have a small depression
at midspan relative to the quarter points.
(j) This is done to a slight error in the length of the short suspenders, but
is of no consequence and should be neglected.
20. Inspection of Bridge Parts.
(a) A careful detail inspection of all parts should now be made.
(b) All pins should have split pins and all bolts must be in place and fully
tightened.
(c) The bolts of top suspender clamps and bottom connecters with their
tubular spacers are particularly important, also rakers, sway braces and
transom clamps.
RESTRICTED 57
58 RESTRICTED
21. Marking of Tell-Tale Signs.
(a) Strip of white paint should be applied across the fixed movable parts of
all screwed adjusters to indicate any subsequent movement.
(b) Suitable “tell-tales” should be fixed to the backs of buried panel

anchorages to slow any forward movement (up to 1” may be expected due to
consolidation, and so on)
22. Placement of Traffic Signs.
(a) For guidance of traffic the edges of the portal raker panels should be
painted white, together with the ends of the span panels and the ramp
ribands.
(b) Efficient barriers must be erected to prevent any possibility of traffic

colliding with the backstay cables.
(c) These barriers should be so placed that they permit a minimum

clearance of 20’ under the backstay.
23. The bridge is now ready for traffic.
58 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 59
SECTION 31 – DEFLECTION UNDER LIVE LOAD AND WIND
24. The deflection of the span under live load are large, the following deflection
may be expected under class 12 traffic on 400 ft span: -
Loading Maximum Deflection

Amount Occurs at
Whole span loaded 24” Midspan

(5 vehicles)
Half span Loaded
(3 vehicles) between 33” Quarter Point
End of bridge and midspan
25. Under the second condition, there will also be a small upward deflection at the
opposite quarter point.
26. under the influence of a 60 MPH cross wind the span may be expected to
deflect about 18” latterly at midspan. The bridge may still be used under this
condition, but traffic should be stopped if the wind velocity is judged to be over 80
MPH.
27. Lateral Anchorages.
(a) In location where very severe gales are known to occur, sway cables
should be rigged.
(b) They should be attached to the bottom chord at 1/3 span from each
end run back at about 45 degree to efficient anchorage on the banks.
(c) The spare cable may be cut and used for this purpose and a screw
adjuster fitted on each.
(d) A supply of DT clamps and thimble are provided, together with

sufficient spare adjusters, female links and pins.
(e) The connections and must be improvised.
(f) Sway cables, if used be adjusted equally all round.
RESTRICTED 59
60 RESTRICTED
SECTION 32 – WEARING SURFACE ON DECK
28 If the bridge is to remain in service for some time and a wearing surface is to
be added to the deck, it must be kept as light as possible. If timber is used it should
not be thicker than 1’. The weight may be reduced by laying two wheels strip only
instead of covering the whole width of deck.
SECTION 33 – RECORD OF PARTICULARS OF

COMPLETED BRIDGE AND DISMANTLING OF THE BRIDGE
29. As soon as the final adjustments and inspection are completed, the leading
dimensions and particular of the bridge, adjuster setting and so on are to be
recorded. Details of the information acquired are given in tubular form in Appendix F,
together with instruction and notes. The completed tables serve as a permanent
record for higher authority and basis for future maintains adjustments.
30. For details of dismantling of bridge see Appendix G.
60 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 61
CHAPTER VIII
MAINTENANCE
SECTION 34 – MAINTENANCE
1. The bridge should be maintained generally in accordance with instructions

given in military Engineering Vol III Part III. One section of a fd coy pl is suitable
maintainers party. The following points also required attention especially during the
first week of use under normal traffic: -
(a) Anchorages.
(i) Watch drainage.
(ii) Dig shallow ditches to prevent surface water running into buried
panel anchorages.
(iii) Watch for forward movement and if excessive movement take

place or movement continue, stop traffic, ascertain causes and remedy
it.
(b) Towers.
(i) Keep bases under observation for subsidence.
(ii) It is vitally important that relative subsidence of the two legs of

one tower does not occur.
(iii) Should a relative settlement of more than 1 in take place, the

bridge must be closed until step have been taken to remedy it by
jacking and under pining.
(c) cables and suspenders.
(i) Keep all cables lightly smeared with the ropes dressing
provided. Keep threads of adjusters greased and covered with pieces
of canvas neatly tied on with spun yarn. See that vibration does not
cause them to unscrew. Occasionally, give all adjusters half a turn (and
return them) to keep the threads free and dislodge any rust.
(ii) As the cable settle down the top suspender clamp will become
slack; it is most important to inspect and tighten these clamps
frequently.
RESTRICTED 61
62 RESTRICTED
(iii) Broken wires in the cables are not likely to occur, but if they do
the matter must be treated as vital and the cause ascertained and
corrected.
(d) Trewhella Grabs.
(i) There is a small lug on the back of body.
(ii) The SWR loop is intended to lie alongside this.
(iii) There have been cases of SWR riding up on the sharp edge of
the lug with consequent damage to wires.
(iv) If the SWR loops are displaced, tap or prise them back into
place.
(v) It is not likely that they will move again once the bridge is
completed.
(e) Span.
(i) Keep the sliding bearing clean and well-greased.
(ii) See that no uplift or lateral movement take place at these

bearings.
(iii) Watch that the sliding deck connection work satisfactory and
maintain he lashing on the loose chesses in good condition.
(iv) See that there is no tendency for the ramps to move under load.
(v) Check the deck level at midspan and adjust by taking up on the
anchorage adjusters (this should only be necessary if forward
movement of the anchorage occurs).
(vi) Check that there is no subsidence of the span foundations.
62 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 63
CHAPTER IX
READY RECKONER FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BSB
SECTION 35 – SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION OF TOWER OF BSB
1. Setting out of BSB.
(a) Mark the Centre Line.
(b) Mark position of the Span foundation. Mark position on ground at 10’
from span foundation and find out right angle from this mark.
(c) Mark position of tower foundation at 11’4” both sides of the center line.
(d) Use FS Level to find out the right angle.
(e) Cross check the measurements.
2. Improvised tower foundation.
(a) At the location of the tower foundation, 11’4” from the center line
Centre layout 12 Bailey chesses parallel to the center line.
(b) Use chalk to mark center line on the chesses.
(c) Layout 5 plain stringers on the chesses, at right angle to the center
line.
(d) From the center plain stringer, the two stringers on either side will be at
a distance of 10”.
(e) On top of the stringers, five inverted transoms are to be placed parallel
to the center line.
(f) Transom clits should fit with the stringers properly.
(g) The first set on transoms on either side of the center transom are at a
distance of 1’10’’ and then the next set of two transoms on either side are at a
distance of 1’2’’.
(h) To fix transom and stringers together, 5-5 stringer clamps should be
used alternatively.
RESTRICTED 63
64 RESTRICTED
(j) Place a plain ramp in the center over the transoms at right angle to the
center line. Place two more ramp stringer on either side of the center plain
ramp at a distance of 10”.
(k) Place another two plain ramps on top of the three plain ramps, parallel
to the center line and 6” apart.
(l) On top of the plain ramp keep the base plate, at right angle to the
center line. Base plate to base plate center distance should be 22’8’’.
(m) Centre line to base plate center distance should be 11’4’’. Check the
diagonal of both the base plates and secure with the ramp with the help of
lashing/binding wire.
3. Construction of tower leg.
(a) Fit tower base bottom bearing on top of the base plate. Bearing pin
center should be at 11’4” from center line.
(b) Wooden packing should be provided on all the sides of the bottom
bearing to prevent shifting of the bottom bearing on the base plate.
(c) On top of tower base bottom bearing fit the tower base top bearing.
Below the tower base top bearing provide grillage packing to prevent the
movement of top bearing.
(d) On top bearing fix the tower base and secure with nut bolts.
(e) Below the tower base, on either side packing of stringer and timber
should be provided.
Note: In place of wooden packing, adjustable piles (akin to pile foundation)

can also be used to provide support to the bottom bearing. These will also
help in achieving the offset of 1” at the inshore and offshore side of the bottom
bearing.
(f) Tower base to have 1” extra packing towards the gap, to provide
positive tilt to the tower.
(g) Level checks to be carried out using water level.
(h) While packing, top bearing should not lose contact with bearing pin.
(j) After providing packing, tower base should be checked again for any
errors or asymmetry.
64 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 65
4. Erection of first lift.
(a) Steel crib pier packing to be provided towards the bank of slightly
lesser height than the tower base. On top of this packing place a bailey panel
horizontally with male jaw towards the tower base.
(b) Four guy ropes to be tied to the panel in all four directions for lifting and
guiding of the panel. Minimum two persons to be present on the guy ropes
being used for guiding the panel.
(c) When the panel becomes vertical, the male jaw of the panel is in the
outer hole of the female jaw of tower base. This is to be set in the inner hole
of the tower base with the help of crow bar or hammer and fixed with panel
pins.
(d) Similarly, panel of the other tower leg is fitted from the outside.
(e) When both the tower legs have one panel each, they are secured with
the help of temporary guy ropes (anchorage to tower leg to tower leg to
anchorage).
(f) Fit the inner panel of the both the legs as per drills carried out above.
(g) After completing first lift, fix heavy bracing frame towards the gap.
(h) Both the tower legs to be secured with the help of guy ropes
(anchorage to tower leg to tower leg to anchorage).
(j) After fixing bracing frame insert the davit, fix with first lift and secure
with temporary lashing.
Note: Davit to be fixed on the inner panel of the tower leg.
(k) After moving the davit inside the tower leg, fix the bracing frame of
other side. Using two guy ropes, secure the first lift of tower legs. The guy
rope is to be looped around each vertical of the tower leg (i.e. total four
verticals for each guy rope).
5. Adding of false base.
(a) To fix false base on tower leg, steel crib pier packing to be given
towards the bank and gap.
(b) Place the panel horizontally on packing and tie the guy ropes.
(c) Panel to be made vertical with the help of guy ropes and set in place
using OP pin to fix with the tower base.
(d) Place a spacer chord bolt in the upper chord bolt hole of the panel and
secure the false base using this spacer chord bolt.
RESTRICTED 65
66 RESTRICTED
(e) Similarly fix the false base towards the gap. Fix the Portal Raker
Centre Attachment in the upper chord bolt hole in the inner panel of the leg
only.
(f) Fix the remaining false bases in similar manner and fit the Portal Raker
Centre Attachment.
(g) After fixing the false base, fit bracing frames on the upper, lower and
outer side of the false base.
(h) Packing to be given below the panel jaws of the false base.
6. Adding of second lift.
(a) Before lifting the second lift, davit to be shifted and secured with the top
diagonal of first lift.
(b) For lifting the davit up, tie a guy rope at the center and top of the davit
for ease of shifting.
(c) After lifting the davit up, secure it properly with the help of lashing. With
the help of a ‘D’ shackle fit a snatch block on top of the davit.
(d) After fixing the davit, in the diagonal of first lift fix a snatch block with
the help of OP pins to make a leading block.
(e) After making a leading block, pass the winch cable through the leading
block and through the snatch block hanging from top of the davit.
Note: While lifting or lowering panels using winch cable the winch
cable should be supported in the davit at three places.
(f) Winch cable is lowered form davit and secured with an outer panel.
Four guy ropes are tied to the panel to help guide it in position.
(g) After taking the panel till the required height, two men guide it in
position and two men secure it using panel pins with the first lift.
(h) Similarly, for the other leg, inner panel is lifted and joined. Both these
activities are carried out simultaneously.
(j) When outer and inner panel of one leg each have been fitted, the inner
and outer panels of respective legs are lifted up and fixed using same drills.
(k) After fitting of both the panels of second lift, fix two heavy bracing
frames on both the vertical sides. Secure the second lift using guy ropes and
looping them around the top vertical of second lift as was done for the first lift.
66 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 67
7. Adding of third lift.
(a) Davit is shifted from top diagonal of first lift to top diagonal of second lift
(10’ up) and after shifting winch cable is taken from leading block to snatch
block at top of davit and pulled down till ground level.
(b) Winch cable is lowered form davit and secured with an outer panel.
Four guy ropes are tied to the panel to help guide it in position.
(c) After taking the panel till the required height, two men guide it in
position and two men secure it using panel pins with the second lift.
(d) Similarly, for the other leg, inner panel is lifted and joined. Both these
activities are carried out simultaneously.
(e) Change the winch cable position and lift the inner panel of one leg and
outer panel of other.
(f) In both the tower leg of third lift, in the chord bolt hole (towards the gap)
using special washer welded nut-bolt and below it with the help of normal
bracing bolt in the top bracing bolt hole, fix the light bracing frame.
Note: Light bracing frame towards the gap of both the tower legs is
fitted after shifting of davit.
(g) In the second lift top chord bolt hole and third lift bottom chord bolt
hole, using a 6.5’’ special washer bolt, on the inner side of panel chord a
backing plate and on the outer side, portal connector female is fixed on one
leg. Portal connector male is fitted similarly on the other leg.
(h) After the light bracing frame of third lift are fitted the tower is to be
secured using guy ropes at 30’.
8. Connection of Portal Cross Girder.
(a) Before lifting portal cross girder, davit is shifted to bottom diagonal of
third lift.
(b) To make a Portal Cross Girder, two panels are kept horizontally and
joined using panel pins and it is placed in between both the tower legs. Both
the winch cables are fixed in between the outer two diagonals to the top
chord. Two guy ropes are tied at each corner i.e. a total of eight guy ropes.
(c) Both the winches are operated together and portal cross girder is
slowly lifted up.
(d) While lifting, the cross girder should not foul with the tower. For this guy
ropes tied earlier are used to guide the cross girder to its position.
RESTRICTED 67
68 RESTRICTED
(e) After the cross girder reaches the top, it is lifted further 5”-6” up form its
final position and slowly lowered in place. During this process, alignment is to
be done and using drift pins and OP pins the cross girder is temporarily
secured with the portal frame. Finally, panel pins are used to secure the cross
girder to the portal connector and remove the drift pins.
(f) Another cross girder is also fitted similarly.
(g) After portal cross girder is fitted, two bracing angles with two normal
bracing frames are joined together and lifted up with the help of guys. Total
five such sets are made and they are used to brace the cross girder together.
(h) Two frames at the top, two at the bottom and one in the middle vertical
is placed.
9. Erection of Portal Raker.
(a) To construct portal raker, two panels are kept in horizontal position and
joined together using panel pin. On the side of male jaw, portal raker bottom
attachment is joined, and top attachment is joined on female jaw side.
(b) To lift portal raker, winch cable is passed from outside of portal cross
girder, and attached below center vertical of top attachment. Subsequently 4
guy ropes are tied to it for guiding
(c) Portal rakers are lifted using winch cable and winch operation. Guys
are used to guide it
(d) Once completely lifted, portal raker top attachment is fitted to bottom
chord of portal cross girder, and portal raker bottom attachment is joined to
tower base. Thereafter, portal raker center attachment is joined.
(e) Similarly, other side portal raker is also added
10. Shifting of davit.
(a) Davit is to be shifted from lower diagonal of third panel lift to upper
diagonal of third panel lift.
(b) Prior to shifting Davit, winch cable, snatch block and D Shackle has to
be removed.
(c) One OP pin at bottom of Davit and above diagonal has to be placed
and tied up, which is at right angle to gap.
(d) 02 guy ropes have to be tied to Davit, one slightly below the davit top
and other slightly above bottom of davit.
(e) Once guys are tied, ropes securing davit are opened up, along with
timber.
68 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 69
(f) With help of 04 men and guy ropes tied to Davit, davit is lifted up and
placed on top of OP pin. Subsequently bottom of davit is lifted and one OP pin
is also placed at bottom of Davit towards bank.
(g) Davit is lifted at top of tower le and rotated at right angles, and bottom
parts are tipped at platform by employing men at tower.
(h) 2 men will sit at top of tower leg to assist movement of davit, whereas 2
men shall shift bottom of davit and place it alongside panel and fit it in top
diagonal of panel towards platform.
(j) Snatch block is fitted with D Shackle and subsequently winch cable is
also fitted to davit by supporting it at three places.
(k) Light bracing frame is now fitted in third panel lift chord bolt hole using
special washer welded nut bolt, and below it in bracing bolt hole by using
normal bracing bolt.
11. Erection of saddle.
(a) Winch cable coming from Davit is secured to saddle, and 2 guy ropes
are also tied to saddle to guide it.
(b) While securing saddle with winch cable, care is to be taken to ensure
that securing is done in such a manner that during lifting, saddle along with
saddle bearer must move up uniformly, and must not be lifted unevenly.
(c) Once Saddle has reached on top, it is further lifted up, and then
lowered down guiding using OP pins so that male jaw of saddle bearer must
drop and fit perfectly in female jaw of top lift panel.
(d) Once the Saddle bearer and saddle has been fitted on one leg, it has
to be fitted on second leg of tower.
12. Erection of main cable.
(a) After fitting saddle, one cable is secured by winch cable and guy ropes,
for lifting and guiding.
(b) Using Winch cable, main cables are lifted one by one and placed on
saddle.
(c) The cable has to be lifted on both banks simultaneously.
(d) While lifting main cable, both the cables on either side of center line
have to be lifted simultaneously and for this, all four winches have to be
operated on orders of commander.
RESTRICTED 69
70 RESTRICTED
(e) While placing cable on saddle, groove no 3 & 6 have to left out as
spare.
(f) To secure Main cable to saddle, a plate with nut bolt is used to secure
main cables and top suspenders are used to secure main cable on saddle.
(g) This clamp has to be left loose till all cables are lifted up, and then
tightened after aligning.
13. Fitting of trolley
(a) Before fitting Trolley, anchor plate at front and rear have to be fitted
first.
(b) Pin for fitting anchor plate to trolley is fitted in to out, and a safety pin is
inserted at end of pin.
(c) To lift trolley on saddle, winch cable from snatch block is fitted to
trolley. 2 guy ropes are also attached to Trolley for guiding it during lifting.
(d) Trolley is lifted using winch cable and guy ropes are used to guide it
during lifting.
(e) Once trolley has been lifted up, it is placed on top of cables by guiding
it using OP pins.
(f) Once trolley has been hosted on main cables, it has to be secured
using ropes prior to loosening the winch cables.
(g) Balance 3 hanging collars left with trolley to be fitted with pin available
with trolley and secure with safety clip.
(h) Winch cable has to be removed after fitting trolley.
(j) A ‘D’ Shackle has to be fitted to last hanging collar of trolley.
14. Fitting of Morris block
(a) To raise Morris block, winch cable to be taken out from snatch block of
Davit, and further from trolley, out to in, between gap of 4th and 5th main cable,
winch cable is left down.
(b) Before raising Morris block, center collar of trolley is to be fitted with
10T ‘D’ shackle.
(c) Morris Block is raised with help of winch cable and guided using guy
ropes.
(d) Once Morris Block is raised up, it is affixed to the D shackle of hanging
collar.
70 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 71
15. Fixing of Winch Cable to Trolley
(a) Take out the winch cable from snatch block of Davit and leading block
in first lift of tower leg.
(b) Tie a rope to winch cable and pull it on platform over cross girder.
(c) Once winch cable has reached top, secure it to hanging collar ‘D’
shackle behind trolley by taking it on top of saddle.
(d) Once Morris block is fitted to trolley, setting out is done at both banks
for launching of bridge.
SECTION 36 – SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION OF SPAN OF BSB
16. Setting out and launching of Bridge.
(a) Layout the LCR approx 5’ to 10’ ahead of Sliding bearing towards the
gap.
(b) Layout a constr roller approx 27’ behind the LCR, and subsequently the
next constr rollers behind 25’.
Note: - Simultaneous activity shall be carried out on Home bank and far bank
and levels and diagonals shall be checked thoroughly.
(c) Bridge constr starts after Setting out. Male jaw is constr from home
bank and female jaw is constr from far bank
(d) While constr, first panel is kept on LCR and behind, on packing.
(e) In 1st bay, transoms are fitted behind front vertical, and ahead of center
and rear vertical. In all other bays, it is fitted ahead of center and rear vertical.
(f) In First bay, Raker is fitted along front and Rear vertical, and in all other
bays along rear vertical.
(g) Sway braces are fitted in each bay.
(h) Morris block hook is fitted to bottom chord of rear diagonal of first bay.
As the bridge is pushed ahead, morris block is to be tightened and winch
cable is to be loosened.
(j) To operate Morris block, a platform is made on both sides of bridge by

using chesses on transom.
RESTRICTED 71
72 RESTRICTED
(k) 1st bay of brisge is decked, and in centre vertical top chord, bottom
suspender clamp is fitted. Further, bottom suspender clamp is fitted at every
20’.
(l) After decking of first bay, in rest all bays gangway is constr using
chesses on either side.
(m) A triple-triple tackle is used on either side of bridge to push or pull the
bridge. An OP holdfast is constr at distance of 30’ to 40’ for this purpose.
(n) Bridge constr to be completed and bridge to be pushed till mid span.
While pushing the mid span, care must be taken to ensure that bridge does
not foul with tower legs.
17. Joining of Mid Span.
(a) Once mid spans have reached, load of bridge is taken on all four
Morris blocks and alignment of bridge is carried out. For alignment, pull and
lift jack and triple-triple tackle can be used.
(b) Drift pin has been provided for alignment.
(c) Once mid span is aligned, top panel pin is fitted.
(d) Once top chord panel pin is fitted, bottom chord panel pin can also be
fitted. If the pin does not fit, then it can be fitted after fixing suspenders no 1,2
& 3.
18. Fixing of suspender and Completion of bridge
(a) Prior to fitting of suspenders, at approx distance of 1’ to 2’, a crow bar

is fitted at right angle to gap on main cables.
(b) While fitting top suspender clamp of mid span, pullers are fitted to align
main cable.
(c) Puller is fitted to transom, and puller hook is fitted to main cables.
(d) While fitting mid suspenders, at first the top suspender clamp is fitted to
main cables, and then it is aligned and fitted to bottom suspender clamp using
BSB pins.
(e) After fitting No 1,2,3 & 4 suspenders, bridge is jacked up and LCR is
packed up. Thereafter all other suspenders are fitted.
(f) Once the last suspender is fitted, bridge is jacked down and fitted on
sliding bearing.
(g) Remove the packing below tower leg. Constr the ramps.
72 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 73
(h) Once the bridge is decked and ready for opening of tfc, br classification
board is fitted.
RESTRICTED 73
74 RESTRICTED
Appendix ‘A’
PART I – INSTRUCTION FOR SURVEYING THE

SITE AND SETTING OUT THE BRIDGE
(Reference Section 19, para 7; section 20, para 10 and 13)
Note: - This work must be done by an officer familiar with the use and
adjustment of the theodolite and telescopic level.
Preliminary.
1. Cut 60 pegs 3” - 4” diameter (excavation marking pegs) and 40 Pegs 2”- 3” in

diameter (excavation marking pegs). Alternatively, OP holdfast pickets may be used
for the latter. Call the two original pegs, fixed by the recce party to mark the center
line, A and B (Fig 1) and drive 2 in nails into these to mark the exact center line. In
the following paragraphs, the expression “setting” or driving in a peg includes lining a
nail in top of it with the theodolite.
Pegging out the center line.
2. Set up the theodolite over the nail head in peg A and set large pegs A1, A2
and so on, at all major changes of slopes so hat tap can be stretched straight and
free between them. Pegs should not be more than 50’ apart. Repeat on the far bank
(Pegs B1, B2 and so on).
Leveling.
3. Choose a suitable bench mark, such as a spike driven into a tree truck, on
each side of the gap. Call the level of the one on the near side + 10.00 (i.e, 10 ft
above an arbitrary zero datum line) and establish the level of the other one relative to
this datum. Take levels on top of all centre line pegs and on the ground alongside.
Measuring (Chaining) along the centre line (Fig 1).
4. This work is divided into two parts
(a) Measuring the gap between a pegs A and B.
(b) Measuring back from the edges of the g ap on each bank.
74 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 75
Fig 1 – Setting out and measuring the gap.
5. Measuring the gap. The object is to measure the gap with an accuracy
of +/- 3” in 400 ft. Two method are available: -
(a) By direct method of piano wire.
(i) A few feet inshore of Pegs A and B, and on the center line,
suspend small snatch block about 3’ above ground from a stout stake
or small sheer legs.
(ii) Pull the piano wire across the pass the ends over the snatch
blocks and hang a 40 lb weight (ie a BB bracing frame) on each end.
(iii) Ensure that the snatch blocks are well oiled.
(iv) Tie two plumbs bobs to the piano wire with some form of screw
clip, or alternatively with red or yellow crayon cover the marks with
insulting tape and bind very tightly with several turn of spun yarn.
(v) Dismantle the rig and re-erect it on a convenient and fairly level
starch of ground.
RESTRICTED 75
76 RESTRICTED
(vi) Set the plum bobs on the marks and set peg under them.
(vii) Find the two-horizontal distance between there pegs as describe

in para 6 below, setting inter mediate pegs between them as required.
(viii) This is then the distance between pegs A and B.
(b) By Triangulation.
(i) This method should only be used if for any reason the direct
method of Piano Wire as explained above is impracticable.
(ii) Select the point near the edge of the gap to right or left of Peg A
so that the distance to this point from peg A is of the same order as the
distance A – B.
(iii) The ground between this point and peg A should, if possible be
reasonably level.
(iv) Drive in a peg here (Peg C).
(v) The angle BAC should not be greater than 90 degree.
(vi) The nearer the triangle the better will be the result.
(vii) Find the true horizontal distance between Peg A and C as

described in para 6 below, setting intermediate pegs G1, G2 and so on
as required.
(c) Set up the theodolite over peg A and measure the angle BAC.
(d) The angle should be swung at least 3 times, recording the left and right
(A and B) veniere readings before and after each swing.
(e) Take the mean of each pair of A and B readings, add them together
and divide the number of times the angle has been swung to arrive at the
value.
(f) The verniers red direct to the nearest 20 second and can be estimated
to 5 second.
(g) Repeat the process at Pegs B and C.
(h) Add the three angles together.
(j) They will generally add up to slightly over or under 180 degrees, and
must now be corrected by small additions or deductions in order to make their
sum exactly equal to 180 degrees.
76 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 77
(k) Finally calculate the distance A-B, using the sine formula.
Sin ACB
AB = ------------------------------- x AC
Sin ABC
6. Measuring back from the edge of the gap.
(a) Measure the straight, slopes distance between the nails in the top of
each pair of pegs A-A1-A2, B – B1 and so on, with the steel tape.
(b) To obtain the necessary degree of accuracy, it is only necessary to

apply a steady pull to the tape and ensure that it is hanging free.
(c) The slope distance thus measured are now corrected to true horizontal
distance by using the approximate formula: -
L=S – H2
-------
2S
Where L= required horizontal distance in feet
S= measured slope distance in feet
H= difference in level in feet.
(d) This formula gives accurate result for slopes not exceeding 1 in 5 on
distance of 50 ft or less. For steeper slope the right-angle triangle must be
solved: -
L= √ S2 – H2
(e) Where the ground is reasonably level, no slope correction will be

required.
(f) The levels, and distance are tabulated and the distance (chainage) of
each peg forward (+) or back (-) from peg A determined.
(g) Where distances are short and slopes steep an alternative method is to
hold the tape horizontal from the higher peg and plumb down the lower one,
thus avoiding slope correction.
(h) But this method is awkward when the weather is windy.
7. Plotting the profile.
(a) Using the chainages and ground level obtained, plot the profile of each
bank to as large a scale as possible (horizontal and vertical scale must be the
same), above a horizontal line representing the arbitrary datum.
RESTRICTED 77
78 RESTRICTED
(b) Leave ample space for plotting the full height of towers.
Note: - If there is a significant cross slope on the ground in the vicinity of the
anchorages, it is necessary to survey two profiles, about 17 ft each side of
and parallel to the bridge center line over the ground where the anchorages
are likely to be.
Setting the leading dimensions of the bridge.
8. Span foundations.
(a) From the profile and knowledge of the subsoil, fix the positions of the
end of the span and the deck level.
(b) The underside of the fix plate of the sliding bearing is 2’3” below the
deck level, Subtract the appropriate amount depending on the type if
foundations to be built to arrive at the excavation level (See Plate XVIII and
XIX).
(c) Calculate the chainage of the foundation center line from the nearest
existing main center line pegs.
9. Tower Foundations.
(a) These may be at standard position and level (See Plates II and III and
Table 1) or in non-standard position in order to reduce excavation.
(b) For the method of calculating positions and levels of non-standard

towers. (See part III of this Appendix).
(c) Having decided on the position of the tower and level of their bearing
pins, subtract the appropriate amount to arrive at excavation level, and
calculate the chainage of center lines.
10. Anchorages.
(a) Distance back from towers.
(i) This is arrived at by plotting the tower and backstay lines on the
profile already drawn, choosing the positions of the anchorage setting
out points on the profile and setting of the distance and the levels.
(ii) The anchorages are then set out to these dimensions, which are
used for calculating the cable marking (See Part II of this appendix).
(iii) The method shown in the fig 2. The backstay angle may be
varied within limits +/-4 degrees from the correct fig, thus giving some
tolerance on the distance “d”.
78 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 79
(iv) This allowance must not be exceeded on very irregular ground,

one anchorage may have to be further back from the tower then its
neighbor and at a lower level, in order to keep backstay angle within
these limits.
(b) Transverse distance from bridge center line.
(i) Due to the “waisting” (cradling) of the cables in the main span,
the anchorage center lines are splayed outwards (Fig 3).
(ii) The angle of splay Ѳ (thita) and the value of its tangent, is given
in table 1, column 12, and 13.
(iii) The transverse distance in ft from the bridge center line to

anchorage setting out point is 11.33 + d tan Ѳ (11.33 ft = half distance
between tower legs).
(iv) The angle of splay, Ѳ may be increased by more than 2 degree

provided the angle of splay is exactly the same for the two adjacent
anchorages.
RESTRICTED 79
80 RESTRICTED
(c) This is most important. No reduction in angle of splay is permissible.

This tolerance allows some choice in sitting anchorages and is especially
useful where wide buried panel anchorages are used and the approaches
road passes between them.
(d) For Ex, in a 400ft bridge with a d = 100ft, max value of Ѳ=4 degrees -
35 ft and anchorage panel spacing 4 ft, the clear distance between
anchorages will be 14 ½ ft. With Ѳ = 2 degrees -35 ft, this distance would be
only 7 ½ ft.
11. Setting out the foundations and anchorages.
(a) The position and level of each foundation and anchorage is now known
relative to a nearby peg of a bridge center line and to the arbitrary datum
level.
80 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 81
(b) The sizes of excavation depend on the type of foundations and

anchorages to be used.
(c) Set large pegs on the bridge center line at the intersection of each
transverse center line and set further pegs on the extended transverse center
lines, well clear of anchorage sites, squiring off with theodolite.
(d) The value of tan theta is used for setting out the anchorages at the
correct splay.
(e) If time permits it is wise to set all the main pegs in concrete and/or
arrange suitable protection for them.
12. mark out the excavation areas using the small pegs, and fix level pegs near
each excavation at defined height above final bottom level. Fig 3 shows a typical
layout.
RESTRICTED 81
82 RESTRICTED
PART II – INSTRUCTIONS FOR CALCULATING POSITIONS

OF ANCHORAGE MARKS ON CABLES
(Ref section 23, para 32)
Note: - The elastic stretch of the main cable is 0.033 ft (0.40 in) per 100 ft per ton. As
the cables have been pre stressed there should be no inelastic stretch.
1. Refer to Fig 2. Calculate the geometric slope distance AP from anchorage

setting out point to the theoretical intersection point over the tower saddle; this will be
Ѵd2 +(PX)2, where PX = H+M-N
2. Make the following deduction from AP to arrive at the net distance to be

measured under no load, from saddle mark to anchorage mark (the point at which
the cable enters the Trewhella grab) -
(a) A length of 9’2” in the case of panel anchorages;

Or
10’ 1 3/8” in the case of BSB holdfast rock anchorage;
Or
9’3 ¼” in the case of rag bolt rock anchorage or concrete block
anchorage;
To allow for the Trewhella grab, screwed adjuster and its connection to
the anchorage;
(b) a small correction for the curve of saddle, as given in the following
table: -
Span Correction Span correction
400-380 1 ¼” 280-260 1 7/8”
360-340 1” 240-220 1 1/8”
320-300 5/8” 200 5/8”
(c) A correction for the stretch of the cable due to dead load tension. This
is equal to AP x 0.004 x (dead load cable tension) in inches. The tension is
given in Table 1, column 20.
Example
280 ft span AP = 102’ 8 ½”.

Buried panel anchorage.
Correction a = 9’2”.
Correction b = 1 7/8”.
Correction c = 102.71 x 0.004 x 5.9.
82 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 83
= 2 ½”.
Total deduction = 9’ 6 3/8”.
Therefore, distance to be measured from saddle mark to anchorage mark
= (102-8 ½ “) – (9 ft – 6 3/8”).
= 93-2 1/8” in say 93’ 2”.
3. An alternative in the case of 400,360 and 320 ft, spans only is to make use of
the 40,80, or 120 ft ref marks in the backstay lengths (See plate IX). In this case
deduction a and b are made as before, and the distance from the anchorage mark to
the nearest ref mark under full dead load then calculated. A stretch correction, which
will be very small, is then made to this distance, and the mark measured off the ref
mark.
4. If stocks are used, add 2’ 4¾” to the distance calculated as in para 1 and 2, to
arrive at the point where the cable is to be cut for socketing. This includes a 5/8” in
allowance for hooking the end of wires.
5. No allowance is made for the splay of the anchorage center line or the
splaying out of individual backstay cables. The error involved is negligible.
RESTRICTED 83
84 RESTRICTED
PART III – INSTRUCTION FOR CALCULATING TOWER POSITION

AND SADDLE MARK FOR NON-STANDARD SPANS
(Ref section 3, para 20(c); section 20, para 11; section 23, para 32)
General
1. On some sites, especially where rock is close to the surface, excavation work
will be reduced by adopting non-standard tower position. This is illustrated by the
Example in Fig 4; the procedure is explained in para 3 to7 below.
2. The following conditions must be satisfied: -
(a) The angle of inclination of the cables between tower saddle and end
suspender must not be altered.
(b) Dimension ‘e’ (See table1) must not exceed 5% of the span S (5%+10ft
in the case of intermediate standard spans), nor should it be less than the
standard dimensions of10 ft except in special circumstances. No part of the
base area of either tower leg foundation should be less than 6” below original
ground level.
Determination of position and level of tower base.
3. Verify on the ground that the profile over a width of 18 either side of the bridge
center line vicinity of the tower position is nowhere lower than the center line profile.
If it takes the levels and substitute them for the centerline provide.
4. Plot on the tower center line at the standard distance back from the end of the
span, with the tower breaking pin at standard level, and draw in outline of the tower
induction.
5. Decide on the min permissible depth below the profile to the underside of the
tower foundation, and draw a line representing this depth. (Depth line).
6. Draw a line sloping upward from the offshore bottom edge of the tower
foundation (Point P) at the correct angle (Use the value of tan α to plot this angle.
Mark the point where this line intersects the “depth line” (Point Q). Scale off the
horizontal distance P-Q. This distance added to the standard dimension ‘e’ gives the
new dimension ‘e’.
7. Multiply the measured distance PQ by tan α and added the result to the
standard level of the tower bearing pin to arrive at the new level of the pin. Plot the
tower center line in the new position and the bearing pin at the new level. Draw in the
outline of the foundation and check that its underside is nowhere above the “depth
line”.
84 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 85
Method of calculating positions of saddle marks on cables
8. Divide horizontal distance PQ by the appropriate value of Cos α.
9. Look up max dead load cable tension (table 1, column 20)
10 Multiply result para 8 above in the ft by this tension and by 0.004. The result is
a stretch correction in inches which must be deducted from the result of para 8. This
correction may be neglected if less than ¼ “.
11. Add result to the Fig given in table 1, column18 to arrive at new distance to be
measured along cables from nearest existing mark as given in diagram in table 1, to
arrive at saddle mark. In the case of 400 ft non-standard bridge the result is the
distance to be measured from the saddle mark already on the cable.
12. Example.
320 ft span
New dimension ‘e’ =14 ft
Therefore PQ=14-10=4 ft
(a) PQ/Cosα = 4/0.945=4.23=4’ 2 ¾”
(b) Stretch correction = 4.23x9.2x0.004=0.15= 1/8”(negligible)
(c) 5’ 5 ¾ ” + 4’ 2 ¾” = 9’ 8 1/2” = distance to be measured along cable

from suspender mark No 9 to arrive a saddle mark.
Note: - The new position and the level of the tower must of course be used for
finding the anchorage position as explained in Part I of this Appendix.
RESTRICTED 85
86 RESTRICTED
86 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 87
Appendix ‘B’
AERIAL CABLEWAY FOR TRANSFERENCE OF STORE ACROSS GAP
1. General.
(a) The cable way described here is composed entirely of parts listed as
spares in BSB Set and is capable of transporting 24 panels per hour over the
450ft gap, in 2 panel (1/2 ton) loads.
(b) It can be erected by a party of 40 working numbers in 3 hours. These

figures are the result of an actual trial.
(c) Two main cables, each with separate traveler and control ropes, are
used. Thus, it is really two cableways.
(d) A 2-ton load can be carried if slung on both cables, but economical
load is ½ ton on each cable.
2. If necessary, rocket apparatus, the provision of which is at present under

consideration, may be employed to throw the first light rope across the gap.
3. 60 men are required for opening at max capacity including loading, unloading
and hauling; if trucks or power winches are used for the latter, only 30 men are
required.
Detailed description (Plate XXIV).
4. Near terminal.
(a) Constructed of standard bailey parts and consist of three transoms

attach by the transom clamps to two bailey panels, the transom standing
upright and the panel lying horizontally on the ground.
(b) A bracing frame and two rakers are fitted.
(c) Three holes must be dug to accommodate the end of the transom.
(d) Two stringer clamps are required to stabilized the transom.
(e) Two stringers are fixed across the transom by means of stringer clamp
to stabilized the transom.
(f) A capsill of 3 chesses, is led across the tops of the transoms and
securely lashed down.
(g) Two treble 3 in SWR blocks are slung, by means of SWR lashing,
close inside the outer transoms to carry the main cable and control ropes.
RESTRICTED 87
88 RESTRICTED
(h) 3” cordage side guys are carried by at an angle of about 45 degree to

prevent the terminal tipping towards the gap and to assist the lateral stability.
(j) They are made fast to trees or single ordnance holdfast anchorages.
(k) Existing trees may be used in placed of terminal described if they are
judged to be sufficient robust.
(l) Lateral stability may be increased by means of side guys.
6. Far terminal.
(a) Here again existing trees should be used, if available.
(b) Otherwise two separate shears are constructed of timber spars cut
locally, or doubled chesses nailed together, with lashed and spike joints.
(c) They are placed about 9’ apart and the main cable passes over their
apices.
(d) A 3” cordage snatch block is last to each apex for the control ropes.
(e) The shears are arranged to lean slightly toward the gap and are
prevented from tipping by timber struts, with their top end birds mouthed and
spiked.
(f) The ft of shears and struts are let into the ground about 6”.
(g) The height from ground level to the apices of the shear should be
about 8’ and the terminal so placed that loads will clear the edge of the gap.
7. Main cables.
(a) These are the two spare BSB main cables each attached to the far
anchorage by a Trewhella grab and female connecter link, passing over the
far terminal, over the center sheave of the treble block on the near terminal
and down to another Trewhella grab.
(b) This is joined to one end of a 3 in heavy gun, cordage tackle by

another female connector link, and the other end of the tackle is shackled to
the near anchorage.
(c) The unloaded sag-span ratio is normally 1:50 (i.e. 9 ft sag on a 450 ft
span).
(d) This will give an unloaded cable tension of 1.7 tons; with a two-panel
load at the midspan, the sag will increase to at least 15 ft and the cable
tension to 4.8 tons.
88 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 89
(e) If a 2 ton load is to be carried, it should be shared between the two

cables and the unloaded sag-span ratio increased to 1 in 24 (19’ in 450).
(f) The sag under load will then be about 26 ft and the maximum cable
tension again 4.8 tons.
(g) The backstays should have a slope not steeper than 1 in 4.
(h) As the maximum main cable tension is higher than that normally
permitted on a heavy gyn tackle, the cordage used should either be new, or in
very good condition.
8. Anchorage.
(a) The anchorages consist of 6 ordnance pattern holdfasts arranged in ‘V’

formation.
(b) Alternatively, natural anchorages, such as stout trees, may be used if

available.
(c) Each must safely resist a horizontal pull of 5 tons.
9. Traveler.
(a) Each traveler consists of one 3” SWR snatch block caring a short SWR
sling a chain.
(b) The control ropes are fastened direct to the snatch blocks.
10. Hauling Rope.
(a) Hauling Ropes consist of 2x 100 fathoms, and 1x75 fathoms, cordage
falls for each main cable.
(b) The falls pass over the outer sheaves of treble block on the near
terminal and round the snatch block on the far terminal, the knot being so
placed that it does not foul the blocks.
(c) The length of the central control rope (75 fathoms for a 450ft gap) is
the same as the distance between terminals.
11. The loading platform is clearly shown in the Plate.
Erection.
12. Erection of Near Terminal.
(a) The near terminal is erected complete on the ground with capsill and
blocks in position the transoms being horizontal.
RESTRICTED 89
90 RESTRICTED
(b) It is then raised (pivoting about the corner) by men lifting under the
transom and a hauling rope from the top to another party or a lorry.
13. Erection of Main Cable and Hauling Rope. The following procedure
should be adopted in the erection of the main and hauling cables; work proceeding
simultaneously on both sides of cable way: -
(a) Join 100 fathoms and 75 fathoms fall to the first rope, which has been
thrown across the gap by the rocket apparatus, or other means (See para 15)
(b) Haul the ropes across and pass the end of the 75 fathoms fall through
the snatch block on the far terminal, make it fast to the 100 fathoms fall as
shown in the sketch of the control ropes.
(c) Join the second 100 fathoms hauling rope and the main SWR cable to
the 75 fathoms fall on the near bank and by hauling from the near bank, pull
them across the gap, utilizing the snatch block on the far terminal.
(d) Release the main cable, fit it to its final position over the far terminal,
and tension up with straining tackle.
(e) Haul the control ropes back and fit the traveler.
Maintenance.
14. As well as a careful general inspection: -
(a) See that all blocks are well oiled and running as nearly as possible in
line with the pull.
(b) See that the control ropes do not chafe on may obstruction.
(c) see that the main cable tensions are maintained correctly.
(d) See that the anchorages remain firmly in position.
15. After the first load has been taken across, the main cable tension will have
decreased (as indicated by an increased in the unloaded sag) due to stretch of the 3”
cordage in the main cable straining tackle, this correction will have to be repeated
after each load until stretch ceases to occur.
16. Use of rocket apparatus.
(a) If supplied, this will be a commercial article which has been tested and
found capable of throwing one-inch cordage 500 ft.
(b) Full instruction will be included with it.
(c) The rocket has no grapnel; men must be the far side already.
90 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 91
(d) The set will include sufficient equipment to throw two 1 in lines across,
and will also include 2 x 100 fathom lengths of 2” cordage.
(e) The 1” line is first fired across.
(f) The party on the far side use these to pull the two 2 inches line over.
(g) These are then used for hauling the cables and control ropes over, as
described in paras 12 and 13 above.
RESTRICTED 91
92 RESTRICTED
Appendix ‘C’
MAIN CABLE ADJUSTMENTS
(Ref Section 25, para 5, section 26, para 12, section 30, para19)
General.
1. Once the cables are erected and clamped to the tower saddle, and the false
base packing are freed, the towers and the cables together form a simple structure
having adjustment at the anchorage only. At this stage the tension per cable is only
about 7 ½” cwts; as the tower are free to rock, the tension is balanced throughout,
the sag in the backstay is large and the towers are tilted back about 12” (if the
anchorage adjusters are screwed up to 5’ 90” crs of pins)
2. Provided the tower bases have been set out square to the bridge center line
and the cable making has been accurately done, any difference in main span sag of
the two cable groups will be accounted for by difference in the tilts of the tower legs;
when the latter are equalized by adjustment at the anchorage, the sag will also be
equalized.
3. When the bridge is completed with the deck lying straight throughout, the
towers will stand vertical if the gap measurement was exact. Any error in gap
measurement will show up a residual tower tilt.
4. The allowable limits of tower tilt with bridge completed are +/- 4 in on any leg,
provided that the difference in tilt between the two legs of one tower does not exceed
1 ½”.
5. Table 1, column 17, gives the alteration in tower leg tilt due to one full turn on
all the adjuster at the anchorage. Column 23 gives the alteration in main span cable
sag due to1” movement of cable over one tower saddle, or alteration in sag (or deck
level) at mid span due to 1” alteration in tilt of one tower. These alterations are of
course doubled if both towers are moved inwards or outwards.
6. Tilt towards mid span is known as positive tilt.
7. Tilt towards anchorage is known as negative tilt.
Adjustments after erection of cables.
8. As soon as the structure is in the condition describe in the para 5 sec 25, the
following adjustment are made: -
(a) Using binoculars or level telescope held against the tower leg at about
the level of lowest point of the cables, observe whether all cables in the group
are hanging level to within about +-2”. If not, slack of saddle clamps at one
end, then working on one cable, and one only at a time slacken the temporary
erection cleats of those that are wrong and cause them to move over the
saddle by shaking or adjustments; when one is right tighten its cleats and deal
92 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 93
with the next one. Finally retighten the clamps. Then equalized the backstay
sag again (See sec 25). Then repeat for the other group. This adjustment
must not be done simultaneously on both groups.
(b) Now, record the tilts of four tower legs and using a telescope as before,
the difference in sag if any, between the two cable groups. From table 1,
column 23, work out the tilt alteration required to raise the lower group up
level with the higher one. Check that this alteration, plus (if necessary) others
of equal amount but opposite side at the two ends of the bridge, will keep the
tilt difference of two leg of each tower within 1 1/2 “. This will be readily
understood if example A in para 12 below, is studied. Make the calculated
adjustments.
Equalizing backstay tension by vibration method.
9. Using a watch with second hand or a stop watch, record the frequency of
each cable in the group, timing it over a ½ minute period. To vibrate a cable, stand
beneath it, grasp it with one hand and pull alternately up and down at the right
interval until it is oscillating in a single wave from end to end with amplitude of about
12”. Then let go, and hold a figure such apposition that the cable touches them at
each oscillation, enabling the beats to be counted while observing the watch. The
frequency is of the order of 100-150 beats per min. work out the average of the
group and correct beach cable to within +/-1 beat of average over a ½ min period.
The adjustment will be quite small usually from ½ to 2 turns.
Final Adjustments (on completion of bridge).
10. From the tower tilts and deck level called for in section 30, calculated the
alteration in tilt required to bring the mid span deck level to 3 in above the average of
the ends, using column 23 of table 1. Split this between the 4 legs so as to equalize
the tilt. The method is explained by ex B in para 12 below, Make the adjustment (see
para 11 below). Finally, check the back vibration again correct if necessary.
Notes on backstay adjustments.
11. Once the span is launched, backstay adjustment must be done according to
the following rules, or slippage of individual cables over the saddle may occur.
(a) Never slacken or tighten any one cable more than two turns in advance
of the other five.
(b) Before starting, mark direction each screw has to be turn effect the
adjustment required, by means of chalked arrow on the fix part of the adjuster.
Also mark top side of the square nut indicates when the turn has been
completed.
(c) Prevent the upper fix part of the adjuster from the turning (Use an OP
hold fast spike)
RESTRICTED 93
94 RESTRICTED
(d) work on two cables at a time; e.g, if turns slacking are required in all,
do2 on cable 1 and 4, followed by 2 on No 2 and 5, then 2 on No 3 and 6.
Repeat this sequence twice more (= 6 turn total) then once again with 1½
turns.
12. Example
A 400 ft span running N-S cable erected

Tower tilts: NE-9 in SE-12 1/2 “
NW- 7 1/4 “ SW-10”
Cables in each group level with one another but E group 6 in higher than W.
Increase in negative tilt of W tower legs to raise W group 6 in =6/1.7 =3.5”
(Use table 1, column 23)
Split this into 1 ½” on NW tower leg and 2” on SW.

Tilts will then be: -
NE- 9” Average
NW-8 3/4” = 8 7/8”.
SE-121/2” Average
SW-12” =12 1/4 “
(Note that difference are less than 1 ½”)
To equalize tilts without altering sag, make average

tilts ½ (8 7/8 +12 ¼) = - 10 1/8” i.e,
add 1 3/4 “to N tower and + 1 ¾’ to S tower.
Tabulate thus to find necessary adjustments: -
Tabulate thus to find necessary adjustments: —
Tower Present Required Alteration No of turns on adjuster*

Leg Tilt Tilt at anchorage (use Table 1,
column
17)
NE —9” —10 ¾” —1 ¾” 4 ¾”turns. Tighten
NW —7 ¼” —10 ½” —3 ¼” 8 ¾”turns. Tighten
SE —12 ½” —10 ¾ ” + 1 ¾” 4 ¾”turns. Slacken
—10” —10 ¼’’ -¼“ ¾”turns. Tighten
SW
B 280 ft span running N—S Completed.

Tower tilts: NE — 1 ½” SE — 1 ¾”
NW — 2 ¾” SW – 2”
94 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 95
Height of deck level at midspan above average of ends. E 5 in. W 8 in.

Deal with each side separately to bring midspan deck level down to 3 in above
average of ends.
E Side
Total reduction in negative tilt of tower legs to correct deck level at midspan
=(5 – 3)/1.4= 1 • 4 in (0 • 7 in per leg)
Average tilt at present is- ½ (1.5+1.75) = -1.6”

.
Therefore, tilt of NE and SE legs must be reduced to -1.6+0.7=0.9”.
W Side
Total reduction in negative tilt of tower legs to correct deck level at midspan
=(8-3/1.4) = 3.6 in (1.8 in per leg)
Average tilt at present is — ½ (2.75 -f 2.0) = —2.4 in.

Therefore, tilt of NW and SW legs must be reduced to
-2.4+1.8=0.6”.
Tower Present Tilt Required Alteration No of turns on adjusters at

Leg Tilt anchorage
NE -1.5 -0.9 +0.6 1 ½ turns slacken

NW -2.8 -0.6 +2.2 6 turns slacken
SE -1.8 -0.9 +0.9 2 ½ turns slacken
SW -2.0 -0.6 +1.4 3 ¾ turns slacken
RESTRICTED 95
96 RESTRICTED
Appendix ‘D’
INSTRUCTION FOR SOCKETING CABLES
1. Bind the cable tightly with annealed MS wire 1/2” each side of the cut mark.
(Each binding ¾”). Put on another similar binding 1” long, so that its center is 4” back
from the cut mark; when the socket is fixed, this binding will be half inside and half
outside the socket.
2. Cut the cable at the mark with a cold set and sledge hammer, thread the
cable through the socket, remove the binding adjacent to the cut, open out and unlay
the strands so that each wire is separated and the whole forms a “brush”.
3. Form hooks on all the wires so that the distance from the backs of the centre
of the remaining binding is 3 1/4”
4. Wash the brush carefully with petrol to remove all dirt and grease. It must be
clean.
5. Draw the socket up over the brush until the backs of the hooks are 1/8 to 1/4”
below the top of the basket of the socket. Clamp the socket in a vice in a vertical
position with the lugs uppermost and ensure that the cable is the axial with the
socket for at least 2’. Bind the joint of cable and socket with asbestos yarn to
prevent the metal running through during pouring.
6. Heat the socket evenly round the outside with a blow lamp. Do not overheat.
A small quantity of powered resin should be dusted into basket immediately before
pouring. The heat will be sufficient if it melts the resin so that it runs freely down the
wires.
7. At the same time, heat the capping meta. It should be fully fluid but not
overheated. The temperature is correct if it will discolor or slightly char a piece of soft
dry white wood, such as a match sock when immersed in the metal for a few second;
if the wood, chars rapidly with smoke or flames the metal is too hot and must be
allowed to cool to the correct temperature before pouring.
8. Dross should be removed from the surface of the molten metal; clean bright
fluid metals only being poured into the prepared heated socket. The pouring ladle
should e of sufficient capacity to hold the full amount of meal to fill the socket basket.
Pouring should be continuous and uniform until the metal completely fills the basket
and covers the wire.
9. After pouring the white metal the socket should be allowed to cool gradually
and should remain undisturbed until the white metal is fully set socket has cooled to
air temperature.
10. During the pour the socket should be lightly trapped with a wooden mallet to
prevent the inclusion of the gas bubbles.
96 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 97
11. It is important to preserve the lay of the rope right up to its entrance into the
socket.
12. Absolute cleanliness of all parts coming into contract with the white metal is
essential.
RESTRICTED 97
98 RESTRICTED
Appendix ‘E’
SLOPPING BRIDGES
1. As started in chapter I, Section 3, para 3(d), the bridges may be built on a

slope not exceeding 1/20th of the span between towers. For small slopes, not
exceeding 1/100th of the span, no changes are required whatever; setting out and
erection procedure is exactly the same, the tower level at each end bearing the
same relation to its adjacent span foundation as for spans.
2. For slopes greater than 1/100 the same parts are used, suspender length and
position on cables of suspender and saddle marks are unaltered, but the following
deviation from normal procedure are required.
(a) Choice of span. Only standard or intermediate standards spans to

be built (i e, standard tower positions)
(b) Setting out.
(i) The span between towers is to be the correct fig measured on

the slope; the true horizontal distance will be slightly less, the
difference being given by the expression
L=(S – H2) / 2S (see Appendix A, Part I, para 5(b)).
For example, a 400ft span is to be built on the slope of 1/20;

S=420,
H=420/20=21;
Therefore L= 420 – 441/840=419 ft 505 inch
= true horizontal distance.
(ii) The backstay angle is increased at the high end and decreased
by the same at the low end. The amount of this increase is X, where
Tan X =0.63 tan (angle of slope)
Thus, in the above example,
Tan X =0.63 x 1/20=0.0315
Therefore, from tables X = 1 degree – 48 ft
And the new backstay angle are: -

At high end 23 degrees 53 ft + 1 degree 48 ft = 25 degrees 41 ft
At high end 23 degrees 53 ft - 1 degree 48 ft = 22 degrees 05 ft
Use these angles for obtaining anchorage positions.
(c) Span Foundations. Due to the lifting of one end relative to

other, the whole span takes up an unsymmetrical position between the
towers, dimension ‘e’ being smaller at the high end and larger at the low end.
It is not possible to predict these dimensions accurately; in the case of the
above example the movement will be about 2’ 3”. The level of the span
foundations will bear approximately the same relation to the tower level as for
standard spans(dimension “h” in table 1). Launch the span, fit all suspenders,
98 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 99
deck down and carry out final adjustments, with ends of the span
unsupported. Then mark the position of the end bottom panel pin holes by
pegs on the ground and take the level of their center line. Dismantle the end
panels and set out the foundations to the marked position; the level should be
such that the pin holes in the bearing blocks are1/2” above the average
recorded level of the two end panel pins. When the bearings are set, re-erect
the end panels and jack up to insert pins.
RESTRICTED 99
100 RESTRICTED
Appendix ‘F’
RECORD OF LEADING PARTICULARS AND DIMENSIONS OF BRIDGE
(Reference Section 33)
Instructions.
1. The spacemen forms shown in annexure I to this Appendix should be

completed in triplicate One copy should be retained by the unit responsible for
maintenance.
2. The information constitutes a permanent record of the bridge, and forms a

basis for any subsequent adjustments.
3. All the information required in form I will be available as soon as setting out
and other preliminary work is completed, but leading dimensions should, if time
permits, be checked on completion of erection, and any necessary amendments
made.
4. All measurements and so on in Forms II to V will be taken after completion of

final adjustments, with bridge under dead load only (no traffic).
5. All levels will be referred to the same datum.
6. Form headings shown are for a bridge running North-south.
7. Cardinal points to be altered as required to suit layout.
100 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 101
Appendix ‘G’
METHOD OF DISMANTLING THE BRIDGE
(Reference Section 33, Para 30)
1. Assemble erection trolleys on cables between Nos 1 and 2 (or A and B)

suspenders, with 3.3 heavy Gyn cordage tackles (2 per trolley) hanging from them
ready for use. Attach sway cable to bottom chords as described in section 31, in
case of wind.
2. Knock out all four-panel pin at midspan.
3. Remove decking and stringers, working from midspan back to the ends.
Chess gangways as in erection.
4. Jack up ends about 2 ft and insert rocking rollers on suitable packing.
5. Using pull-lifts take load off suspenders Nos 2,3,4 and 5 in turn, disconnect
top ends of these suspenders and remove their top clamps from the cables.
6. Slack off and remove suspenders 10,9, and 8and slide their top clamps down
to No 7.
7. Haul trolleys up cables to suspender No 6. Attach tackles to stiffening girders,

haul in till tight and makefast. Slack of screwed adjusters of suspenders No 6 and 7
and disconnect and remove them. Loosen top clamps.
8. Return trolleys to midspan with top clamps 6 to 10 behind them, and attach
tackles to bottom chords of stiffening girders. Remove the top clamps. Haul in until
tight, and make fast.
9. Rig pull-lifts across the bridge between opposite No 1 suspender top clamps
and haul in as tight as possible.
10. Using pull-lifts take the load off Nos 1 suspenders and remove them complete
with their top clamps. It will help if the top clamp bolts are slacked off first. Released
the pull-lifts so that all the weight comes on the tackles.
11. The bridge is now in the same condition as at the end of launching. De launch
the bridge by reversing the launching process. Then dismantle the trolleys from the
cables.
12. Slack off all the main cable adjusters to their fullest extent. Build the false
bases on the towers and wedge up securely.
13. Remove the saddle clamps. Release the outer cables from the anchorages.
Allow them to run over the saddle until the tension is reduced sufficiently to permit
lifting them off the saddles by hand. Lift off and tower to the ground. Repeat with the
other 5 cables on each side.
RESTRICTED 101
102 RESTRICTED
14. Dismantle the towers in the reverse order of erection, remembering to add the
temporary guys before the lower portals are removed.
102 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 103
Appendix ‘H’
PROVISIONAL LOADING TABLES
(Reference Section 1, para 4)
1. Full scale loading trials have not been carried cut. The following tables for a
400 ft span bridge are put forward as basis for any tests which may be made in the
future. The smaller items in each load are not enumerated, but the loads have been
carefully worked out and in no case exceed 3.4 tons. They are thus comparable with
normal bailey loading scales. Load are roughly divided into section for the various
parts of the bridge and they are given approximately in the correct order of arrival at
the bridge site. It appears that a total of 66 number 3 ton GS Lorries is required. All
recce and survey material (about 200 Lb.) together with the item enumerated in table
4B, are assumed to be carried in unit transport. If type of anchorages, foundations
and so on are known be forehand, certain loads or part-loads will not be required.
(see note in table 3). For shorter spans the numbers of certain lorry units will be
reduced and some re arrangement may be necessary. Unit’s number 1-9, 12, 17, 18
and 19 will be the same for all spans.
Order Lorry unit (all Outline of loading No of Weight Total

prefix BSB) units each weight
required
Tons Tons
1. Accessory A All parts required for 1 3.34 3.34
cableway, plus 1 3.34 3.34
2. Accessory B sundry tools and so
on
3. Accessory C Bulk of erection 1 3.30 3.30

stores listed in Table 1 3.30 3.30
4. Accessory D 4A 1 3.30 3.30
5. Accessory E
6 Accessory F 2 trolleys, 2 2 3.30 6.60

winches, Rollers,
SWR and other
span erection gear
7. Panel 6 panels, 12 12 3.08 37.00

Anchorage chesses,30
sleepers, pins,
chord bolts and so
on
RESTRICTED 103
104 RESTRICTED

required
Tons Tons
8. Rock 24 Rag bolt 1 3.33 3.33

Anchorage anchors, 24 BSB
Holdfasts, 200
spikes
9. Improvised 7 Transoms, 6 plain 4 3.37 13.48

Foundation stringers, 23
chesses, 1 base
plate, 5 plain ramps
and so on
10. Tower A 12 panels, 26 8 3.35 26.80

bracing frames,
bolts and so on
11. Tower B 1 tower base, top, 4 3.30 13.20

bottom bearing,
saddle, bearer, ¼ of
all small parts and
erection tackle
12. Cable and 3 cables, ¼ of all 4 3.30 13.20

suspender suspenders, top
clamps and small
parts; erection
tackle
13. Span A 8 panels, 4 10 3.37 33.70

transoms, 8 sway
braces, 4 chesses,
8rakers, 4 bottom
suspender
connectors and so
on
14. Span B 4 transoms, 12 plain 10 3.37 33.70

stringers, 8 button
stringers,40 chesses
and so on
104 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 105

required tons tons
15. Span C 40 ribands, 43 1 3.40 3.40

chesses, ½ end
bearings, 5 plain
stringers
16. Span D 40 ribands, 44 1 3.34 3.34

chesses, ½ end
bearings, 80 stringer
clamps
17. Ramp 2 bays of ramp, 2 2 3.13 6.26

transoms, 8
pedestals
18. Spares A BB & BSB spares 1 3.30 3.30

other than those
19. Spares B carried in accessory 1 3.30 3.30
A and B
Total number of 3 ton GS lorries 66
Total weight tons 217.0
RESTRICTED 105
106 RESTRICTED
Appendix ‘J’
STRENGTHENING THE BRIDGE TO TAKE SINGLE LOADS UP TO CLASS 40
(See plate XXV)
(Reference section 1, para 6; section 14, para 4)
General.
1. The strengthening consists of “chord reinforcements”, chord bolted to the top

and bottom chords of the stiffening girder throughout the span, and pinned together.
The reinforcements, similar to the chords of bailey panels, have sway brace lugs
which are used to accommodate a second “layer” of sway brace in the bottom
chords of the last four bays at each end of a 400 ft span, thus giving increased
resistance against wind force. Longer bolts are used to fasten the bottom suspender
connectors to the double depth top chords. The existing sliding bearing is designed
to accommodate the ends of the bottom chords’ reinforcements.
2. Cable tension and anchorages pull figures for full load given in Table 1,
include an allowance for the additional dead of this strengthening.
Important note.
3. For a strengthened bridge the span foundations and ramps must be built 4 in
lower than a stand red bridge, to allow for the increased depth of the top chord. The
whole span is thus lowered 4 in relative to the tower. Dimensions “h” (see plates II
and III and Table 1) will thus be altered as follows: -
Span h Above or Span h Above or

Ft below Ft below
datum datum
400 8 ins Above 280 8 ins Above
360 1’-7 ½ Above 240 1 ¾ ins Above

ins
320 Above 200 1’-2 ¼ Above
3’-7 ½ ins
ins
106 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 107
Parts required for strengthening
Number required weight Remarks

Item
Net Spare Total Each Total
Lbs lbs
BRB chord reinforcement 160 4 164 210 34440 See Note (a)
below
BB chord Bolt 320 - 320 8 2560
BB Panel Pin 156 - 156 6 940
Bb sway Brace 16 - 16 65 1040

See Note (b)
Bolt BSWS 192 8 200 3½ 700 below
1 in diameter X 11 ins
long
Weight per set – 39680lbs =17.7 tons
Note: -
(a) Chord reinforcements are already an issue store: 170 No of this part
are included in a BRB set (Bailey Retractable Bridge). Alternatively, they can
be improvised by flame cutting chords from panels. Damaged panels may be
used, provided the chords are intact. At least 16 No must be bottom chords, to
accommodate sway bracing. Top chord reinforcements must be flush at least
at mid-panel points where bottom suspender connectors occur.
(b) These bolts must be made of steel of not less than 28 tpsi UTS (as
required for MS Grade A). 160 No are used in place of the existing1 in
diameter 6 ½ ins long bolts in the bottom suspender connectors. 32 No are
used to fix double sway brace, and are used without nuts. 4 of these bolts
which are used close to the sliding bearing will have to be cut short to7 in to
prevent fouling the base plate (sec Plate XXV).
(c) The parts listed in the above table will be supplied with all BSB No 2
sets.
Adding chord reinforcements and so on during erection of bridge.
4. Launch the span with alternate top chord reinforcements only fitted where
suspenders occur. Extra launching weight is then only 0.1 tons per day. Fit
remainder of reinforcement after decking down, leaving at 4 bays on un decked until
double sway braces have been fitted.
RESTRICTED 107
108 RESTRICTED
5. To fix bottom chord reinforcement, first lower it into the outer ends of the
transoms. Pass tw0 2 in lashing through the bottom chord of the panel, up through
the reinforcement, then through holes in 6 in square steel plates or stout pieces of
timber, and knot them. Tie the other ends of the lashings to the top chord of the
panel, after taking in the slake. Push the reinforcement of the ends of the transoms
so that it swings clear. Pull up on the lashings and insert chord bolts from below.
Tighten with ratchet spanners. The panel pin connecting the reinforcement to its
neighbor should be inserted before tightening the chord bolts.
6. Then fit the additional sway braces in the end four bays, lowering them into
place on lashings and inserting the 11 in long X 1 in diameter bolts from above.
[Important: See Note (b) before regarding use of 7in bolts]. Upper and lower sway
braces should be fitted with turn buckles at opposite ends to facilitate tightening, and
should be evenly tightened.
7. If difficulty is experienced in inserting the 11 in long bolts, loosen off chord

bolts temporarily; if this is not sufficient, use the normal short sway brace pins,
cutting off the lower pin chain to prevent fouling the chord (See Plate XXV).(In the
latter method the lower sway brace pins must be fitted before the chord
reinforcements are attached to the panel bottom chords).
8. Note that the numbers of bays requiring double sway braces are reduced in
shorter spans see Plate XXV for details. No double sway bracing is required in spans
of 320 ft and under.
Strengthening an existing bridge.
9. Attach top chord reinforcements at suspender points one at a time in each

quarter of the bridge, working in order from ends to midspan. At adjustable
suspenders, unscrew the adjuster to release the load, afterwards returning it to its
original setting. At fixed suspenders use pull-lifts to take the load off, as shown in
Plate XXIII. While this is going on, fix all other reinforcements and sway braces
(except those in the end bays) as described above. Then dismantle end bays
completely and lower bearings 4 in. (This can only be done if bridge has improvised
foundations or if the concrete foundations have been built at the lower level in
accordance with chapter IV Section 14, “Important Note”). Then re-erect and fit
reinforcements and double sway braces. Addition of strengthening will cause span to
sag. This must be corrected by tightening screwed adjusters at anchorages, working
out the amount of adjustment, as explained in Appendix C, para 10.
Wearing surface on deck.
10. As mentioned in section 32, wearing surfaces can be added consisting of 1 in

timber, preferably laid diagonally. This is also permissible for the strengthened
bridge, taking Class 40 singly.
108 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 109
Annexure 1
SPECIMEN FORMS- RECORDS OF LEADING

PARTICULARS AND DIMENSIONS OF BRIDGE
(Reference Appendix F, para 1)
Form I – Leading Particulars and Dimensions
1 Location of Br
2 Map Ref
3 Date started
4 Date completed
5 Brief description of North

subsoil
6 South
7 Length ft
8 Type of foundation
9 Span Level of end Bearing N ft
10 S ft
11 Type of foundation
12 Distance from end of N ft ins

span
13 S ft Ins
14 Tower Level of Bearing pin N

center
15 S
16 Nominal Height N
17 S
18 Type N
19 S
20 Distance from Tower NE ft ins

center to Anchorage
21 NW
RESTRICTED 109
110 RESTRICTED
22 pin center SE
23 SW
24 Level of Anchorage NE ft Ins

pins
25 Anchorages NW
26 SE
27 SW
28 Transverse Distance NE ft ins

from bridge center line
29 NW
30 SE
31 SW
32 Remarks. (Nature of gap, use of cableway, any

snags met and so on)
110 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 111
Form II – Towers
1 2 3 4 5
Tilt †
Tower Leg Base* Amount Towards

Level
Ins Anchorage or
gap
North East
West
South East
west
Notes: -
1 * Take base levels on top of 16X16 RSJs of tower base, at center.
2 † Measure tilt on nominal height, i.e., between top and bottom panel pins of
tower. Use theodolite, set up approximately on center line of inshore or offshore
panel pin.
RESTRICTED 111
112 RESTRICTED
Form III – Anchorages
1 2 3 4 • 5 6
Anchorage Cable Frequency! Average Length Tell-
No* Frequency of Screwed Tale distance
t Adjusted for forward
movement §
Vibration/ Vibration/ ft ins ft ins

minute minute
1
2
NE 3
4
5
6
1
2
3
NW 4
5
6
1
2
SE 3
4
5
6
1
2
3
SW 4
5
6
NOTES:-
1 * Cables numbered in order, no 1 being nearest bridge centre line.
2 † Count Number of vibrations in ½ minutes and multiply by 2.
3 ‡ Length of adjusters’ center to center of end pins.
4 § Drive a very firm stake about 5 ft behind each anchorage on the line of one of
the middle panels, to act as a tell- tale for any forward movement. Mark a define
point on back end of panel and record distance to tell-tale stake. (Up to 1 in initial
forward movement, due to consolidation, take up of clearance, and so on may be
expected after bridge is opened to traffic).
112 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 113
Form IV (a) – Suspender-For spans from 400 to 300 ft

(Cable Curve A)
1 2 3 4 5
Suspender East Side West Side
No Overall Adjuster Overall Adjuster

Length * Length † Length * Length †
ft ins ft ins ft ins ft ins
10 North
9 North
8 North
7 North
6 North
5 North
5 South
6 South
7 South
8 South
9 South
10 South
RESTRICTED 113
114 RESTRICTED
Form IV (b) –suspenders-For spans from 280 to 200 ft

(Cable Curve B)
1 2 3 4 5
Suspender East Side West Side
No
Overall Adjuster Overall Adjuster
Length * Length † Length * Length †
ft ins ft ins ft ins ft ins
G North
F North
E North
D North
C North
B North
A North
A South
C South
D South
E South
F South
G South
Note: -
1 * Measure from center of pin through U- shackle of top clap to pin through lug of
bottom connector.
2. † Length of adjuster, center to center of end pins.
114 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 115
Form V – Deck Level
1 2 3 4 5 6
Side of Deck level

bridge
at
North ¼ Pt Mid Span ¼ Pt South End *
End * North South
East
West
Note: - * Take levels close to ribands.
RESTRICTED 115
116 RESTRICTED
Table 1
Page 1 of A3 size sheet will be pasted here
116 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 117
Table 1
Page 2 of A3 size sheet will be pasted here
RESTRICTED 117
118 RESTRICTED
Table 2 - SCHEDULE OF BB AND BSB PARTS

REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS SPANS, WITH WEIGHTS
118 RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 119
RESTRICTED 119
120 RESTRICTED
120 RESTRICTED

BSB Pwi

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BSB Pwi

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

RESTRICTED 1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BRIDGE

1. The Bailey Suspension Bridge is designed primarily for mountainous terrain

4. To construct BSB, Standard Bailey bridge equipment is used and an

5. To construct a BSB, following parts are required.

(c) Erection Set (D 5001). One set is required for construction of a

15. On completion of construction, there is no relative movement between cables

29. These entire suspenders of “B” curve are adjustable.

31. The trusses of the span act as “stiffening girders”.

33. Special suspender connectors are bolted to the top chord.

SECTION 3 – TYPE OF BRIDGES

36. Bridges are classified as under: -

(b) Intermediate standard.

(c) Non – standard.

39. The description of the four types is given below: -

(a) Standard Bridge.

(iii) All leading dimensions and particulars of standard bridges are

(b) Intermediate Standard Bridges.

(iii) The tower is not moved while constructing intermediate span

(c) Non-Standard Bridges.

(i) These are those bridges which have standard or intermediate

(ii) However, these have their towers in non – standard position at

(d) Sloping Bridges.

(i) Bridges may be built on slopes up to 1 in 20 of distance between

(ii) It is not possible, in the case of sloping span to predict the

(iii) The span must be launched and completed so that it is hanging

DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE OF EACH PART

SECTION 4 – ANCHORAGES PARTS

(a) It is a link with one male and one female end.

(d) These connectors are employed on buried panel anchorages only.

(f) Weight of each Anchorage Connector is 24 lbs.

4. Rock Anchorage, BSB Holdfast type.

(a) It consists of two identical holdfast bodies and a link plate.

(d) BSB pins are used for the connections.

5. Rock Anchorages Rag bolt type.

(a) This is 1½” square bar, 4’6” in length.

(e) It weighs 41 lbs.

SECTION 5 – TOWER PARTS

6. Tower Base Bottom Bearing.

(a) It is a welded assembly of plates carrying a 4” diameter bearing pin.

7. Tower Base Top Bearing.

(a) It is an assembly of two 10” x 41/2” RSJs connected by stiffening plates.

(e) It weighs 283 lbs.

(a) It is constructed by Two 16” x 6” RSJs bolted together by two

9. Heavy Bracing Frame.

(a) It is a welded assembly of stronger design than the normal BB bracing

(f) It weighs 108 lbs.

10. Spacer Chord Bolt.

11. Portal Raker Attachment Bottom.

(f) It weighs 48 lbs.

12. Portal Raker Attachment Center.

(a) It is a 4” x 2” channel member with hollow dowels at each end and

(g) It weighs 30 lbs.

13. Portal Raker Attachment Top.

(a) It is a double channel member, similar to a short length of panel chord,

(e) The panel pin leg is welded and it is on the skew.

(h) It weighs 78 lbs.

14. Portal Connector Frame, Male and Female.

(a) It is a welded framework with two loose backing plates.

(c) They also act as bracing frames on the latter.

(j) It weighs 188 lbs (male) & 191 lbs (female).

15. Bracing Angle.