Throughout the history of Western Christianity, several architectural styles

have appeared that are related to the historical period in which they
appeared. During the Middle Ages appeared:

A) Carolingian architecture:

1-It is named after Charlemagne, who

was king of the Franks between 768 and
814.

2-Charlemagne and his family wanted to

revive early Christian culture in Rome,
and the Carolingian architects claimed
that they had transferred early Christian architecture, but
they changed the models to suit their needs, and they
made famous:

B) Romanesque architecture:

1-started in the ninth century and achieved its greatest

achievements in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
2-The importance of these churches, which were designed
first in Italy, and later in France, Germany, Spain and
England, is evident.
3-Most churches share certain features. The typical
Romanesque church has thick walls, closely-built columns,
and huge arched vaults. A tower rises from the ceiling at
the point where the main wing intersects with the main
nave of the church. The tower bears four pillars called
buttresses, and there are arches carried on columns
separating the nave.

c) Gothic architecture:

1-The word Gothic is a term derived from a word meaning

rejection, and was used by artists and writers in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

2- A new construction system enabled Gothic architects to

design churches with thinner walls and lighter buttresses
than those of the Romanesque churches.
The Mosque of Ibn Tulun:

Is located in Cairo, Egypt. It is one of the oldest mosques in Egypt as well as

the whole of Africa surviving in its full original form,
and is the largest mosque in Cairo in terms of land
area. It is built around an open square courtyard
which allows natural light to travel through. Ibn
Tulun Mosque features ancient architecture styles
of Egypt, its decorations being created from carved
stucco and wood. This mosque is a popular tourist
attraction.

Mosque of Ibn Tulum

Kairos Ibn Tulum Moshe
Minaret and ablution fountain (sabil) of the Ibn Tulum Mosque

THE FATIMID ARCHITECTURE OF EGYPT :

Discover the contributions the Fatimids made to the

architectural history of Egypt — from the major
masterpieces of Cairo, including the Al-Azhar, al-
Hakim and al-Aqmar mosques, to lesser-known
monuments such as the mausoleum complex in
Aswan and the Friday Mosque of Qus.
Mamluk architecture :

was the architectural style under the Mamluk

Sultanate (1250–1517), which ruled over
Egypt, the Levant, and the Hijaz from their
capital, Cairo.
Despite their often tumultuous internal
politics, the Mamluk sultans were prolific
patrons of architecture and contributed
enormously to the fabric of historic Cairo.
The Mamluk period, particularly in the 14th
century, oversaw the peak of Cairo's power and
prosperity. Their architecture also appears in cities such as
Damascus, Jerusalem, Aleppo, Tripoli, and Medina.
 HISTORY OF ARC(2)

Name :
Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Khader / 52010688
Mostafa Abdel Nabi Salama Yusef Salameh / 52010759